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1809.3.2 Foundations on frozen soil.
Shallow foundations shall not bear on frozen soil.
Exception: Temporary structures may bear on frozen soil if the soil is maintained in a frozen condition throughout the service life of the temporary structures being supported. The method of maintaining the soil in a frozen condition shall be approved by the commissioner.
1809.4 Shallow foundations at different levels.
Where shallow foundations are supported at different levels, or are at different levels from the shallow foundations of adjacent structures, the influence of the pressures under the higher foundation on the stability of the lower foundations shall be considered in the design. The design shall consider the requirements for lateral support of the material supporting the higher foundation, the additional load imposed on the lower foundations, and assessment of the effects of dragdown on deep foundations supporting adjacent buildings or compression of soils supporting adjacent buildings.
1809.5 Shallow foundations.
Shallow foundations shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Sections 1809.5.1 through 1809.5.8.
1809.5.1 Design.
Shallow foundations shall be designed so that the allowable bearing capacity of the soil is not exceeded, and that differential settlements are within the allowable limits for the structure. The minimum width of shallow foundations shall be 18 inches (457.2 mm).
1809.5.1.1 Design loads.
Shallow foundations shall be designed for the most unfavorable effects due to the combinations of loads specified in Section 1605.3. The dead load shall include the weight of shallow foundations and overlying fill. Reduced live loads, as specified in Section 1607.11, are permitted to be used in the design of shallow foundations.
1809.5.1.2 Vibratory loads.
Where machinery operations or other vibrations are transmitted through the shallow foundations, consideration shall be given in the shallow foundation design to prevent detrimental disturbances of the soil.
1809.5.1.3 Shifting or moving soils.
When the possibility of shifting or moving soil exists, the short and long term impact of such soils shall be considered in the design of shallow foundations.
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