CHAPTER 28
MOTOR VEHICLES AND TRAFFIC

ARTICLE I.
IN GENERAL.

Sec. 28-1.   Short title.

Sec. 28-2.   Definitions.

Sec. 28-3.   Applicability of traffic regulations in parks, public housing projects and public hospital grounds.

Sec. 28-4.   Authority to remove vehicles; redemption; fees.

Sec. 28-5.   Release of impounded vehicles to lienholders.

Sec. 28-5.1.   Authority to immobilize vehicles; redemption; fees.

ARTICLE II.
TRAFFIC ADMINISTRATION.

Division 1. Traffic Engineer.

Sec. 28-6.   Reserved.

Sec. 28-7.   Reserved.

Sec. 28-8.   Traffic engineer - Duties.

Sec. 28-9.   Traffic engineer - Appointment of technicians and clerical staff; fees for services.

Sec. 28-10.   Emergency and experimental regulations.

Division 2. Traffic Division.

Sec. 28-11.   Establishment and control.

Sec. 28-12.   Duties generally.

Sec. 28-13.   Records of traffic violations.

Sec. 28-14.   Investigation of accidents.

Sec. 28-15.   Traffic accident reports.

Sec. 28-16.   Same - Submission of annual traffic safety reports.

Sec. 28-17.   Traffic accident studies.

ARTICLE III.
ENFORCEMENT AND OBEDIENCE TO TRAFFIC REGULATIONS.

Sec. 28-18.   Authority of police and fire department officials.

Sec. 28-19.   Parking enforcement officers.

Sec. 28-20.   Obedience to chapter required; penalty.

Sec. 28-20.1.   Presumption in fleeing from a police officer.

ARTICLE IV.
ACCIDENTS.

Sec. 28-21.   Intentional collisions.

Sec. 28-22.   Duty to give information and render aid.

Sec. 28-23.   Presumption in hit and run accidents.

ARTICLE V.
TRAFFIC-CONTROL DEVICES.

Sec. 28-24.   Authority to install.

Sec. 28-24.1.   Traffic barricade manual.

Sec. 28-24.2.   Fees for plan reviews and field adjustments.

Sec. 28-25.   Authorized installation presumed.

Sec. 28-26.   Parking designations; authority to install.

Sec. 28-26.1.   Bus lane designations; authority to install; prohibition; exception.

Sec. 28-27.   Manual and specifications.

Sec. 28-27.1.   Placement of crime watch signs and volunteers in patrol signs.

Sec. 28-28.   Testing under actual conditions of traffic.

Sec. 28-29.   Existing devices affirmed and ratified.

Sec. 28-30.   Display of unauthorized signs, signals or markings.

Sec. 28-31.   Interference with devices or railroad signs or signals.

Sec. 28-32.   Authority to designate crosswalks, establish safety zones and mark traffic lanes.

Sec. 28-33.   Traffic engineer to erect signs designating pedestrianways.

Sec. 28-34.   Bicycles, motorcycles, etc., prohibited from using pedestrianways.

Sec. 28-34.1.   Installation, removal, and repair of speed bumps in alleys; fees.

ARTICLE VI.
OPERATION OF VEHICLES.

Division 1. Generally.

Sec. 28-35.   Backing into intersection prohibited.

Sec. 28-36.   Operation upon parkways.

Sec. 28-37.   Identification of funeral procession.

Sec. 28-38.   Funeral or other procession; operation of vehicles.

Sec. 28-39.   Same - Driving through prohibited.

Sec. 28-40.   Operation of motorcycles, etc.

Sec. 28-41.   Riding in portions of vehicles not designed or equipped for passengers.

Sec. 28-41.1.   Reserved.

Sec. 28-41.1.1.   Restrictions on the use of motor assisted scootersand electric bicycles.

Sec. 28-41.2.   Regulating the use of hand-held mobile telephones and mobile communication devices in school zones.

Sec. 28-42.   Driving on Four-Way Place and Stone Place.

Sec. 28-42.1.   Cruising prohibited in designated areas.

Division 2. Speed Regulations.

Sec. 28-43.   Speeds greater than 30 miles per hour on public streets or 15 miles per hour on public alleys not reasonable or prudent.

Sec. 28-44.   Streets other than expressways and freeways.

Sec. 28-45.   Expressways and freeways.

Sec. 28-46.   Streets in park areas.

Sec. 28-47.   Maximum speed limits; determination.

Sec. 28-48.   Same - Alteration.

Sec. 28-49.   Posting of speed limit signs.

Sec. 28-50.   Speed in school zones; signs; designated streets.

Sec. 28-51.   Speed in parking lot of Dallas Convention Center.

Sec. 28-52.   Speed in the Dallas City Hall Parking Garage.

Sec. 28-52.1.   Speed in the Bullington Street Truck Terminal.

Division 3. Turning Movements.

Sec. 28-53.   Obedience to no-turn signs.

Sec. 28-54.   Limitation on U Turns.

Sec. 28-55.   Left turns restricted when emerging from or entering alleys or private driveways in the central business district.

Sec. 28-56.   Central business district defined.

Sec. 28-57.   Reserved.

Division 4. Stops.

Sec. 28-58.   Vehicles to stop when traffic is obstructed.

Division 5. Operation of Vehicles near Vulnerable Road Users.

Sec. 28-58.1.   Definition.

Sec. 28-58.2.   Protection of vulnerable road users.

ARTICLE VII.
ONE-WAY STREETS AND ALLEYS.

Sec. 28-59.   One-way streets and alleys.

Sec. 28-60.   One-way streets in school zones.

ARTICLE VIII.
PEDESTRIANS’ RIGHTS AND DUTIES.

Sec. 28-61.   Duties of pedestrians while on sidewalks.

Sec. 28-61.1.   Standing and walking in certain areas prohibited.

Sec. 28-62.   Entering or alighting from vehicle; loading and unloading so not to interfere with traffic.

Sec. 28-63.   Use of coasters, roller skates and similar devices restricted.

Sec. 28-63.1.   Prohibiting crossing in central business district other than at crosswalk.

Sec. 28-63.2.   Designation of one-way pedestrian zones.

Sec. 28-63.3.   Solicitations to occupants of vehicles on public roadways prohibited.

ARTICLE IX.
SIZE AND WEIGHT OF VEHICLES.

Sec. 28-64.   Weight of load on enumerated bridges, per axle.

Sec. 28-65.   Vehicles carrying greater loads than as required by Section 28-64.

Sec. 28-66.   Civil liability for violation of article.

Sec. 28-67.   Signs warning of maximum load limit on bridges.

Sec. 28-68.   Routes for over-size equipment; damage caused by over-size equipment.

ARTICLE X.
TRUCK ROUTES.

Sec. 28-69.   Operation within central business district; boundaries of central business district defined.

Sec. 28-70.   Operation in public parks.

Sec. 28-71.   Designated for trailers, semitrailers or pole trailers.

Sec. 28-72.   Departure from designated routes; hours on residential streets.

Sec. 28-73.   Same - Justification of departure.

Sec. 28-74.   Signs.

Sec. 28-75.   Alternate routes.

ARTICLE XI.
STOPPING, STANDING, AND PARKING GENERALLY.

Division 1. Generally.

Sec. 28-76.   Obedience to signs.

Sec. 28-76.1.   Unattended vehicles presumed left by owner.

Sec. 28-76.2.   Illegally stopped vehicles; may be required to move.

Sec. 28-76.3.   Parking ban.

Sec. 28-76.4.   Parking defenses for city council members and law enforcement officers.

Sec. 28-76.5.   Unattended motor vehicles.

Sec. 28-76.6.   Valid vehicle registration and temporary license plate required; display of license plate.

Sec. 28-77.   Unauthorized reserving of parking spaces.

Sec. 28-78.   Animal-drawn wagons, pushcarts or bicycles.

Sec. 28-79.   Vehicle to be parked within limit lines.

Sec. 28-80.   Parking of commercial vehicles.

Sec. 28-81.   Parking of vehicles with capacity of more than one and one-half tons in certain districts.

Sec. 28-81.1.   Stopping, standing, or parking prohibited in specified places.

Division 2. Prohibited in Specified Places.

Sec. 28-82.   Parking near railroad tracks; prohibited generally; permitted for loading.

Sec. 28-83.   Reserved.

Sec. 28-84.   Parking for more than 24 hours prohibited.

Sec. 28-85.   Parking for certain purposes and parking on highways and parkways prohibited.

Sec. 28-86.   Parking by parking lot owners.

Sec. 28-87.   Parking in alleys.

Sec. 28-88.   Standing or parking on one-way roadways, two-way roadways, and cul-de-sacs.

Division 3. Stopping for Loading or Unloading Only.

Sec. 28-89.   Curb loading zones - Authority to designate; times operative.

Sec. 28-90.   Reserved.

Sec. 28-91.   Reserved.

Sec. 28-92.   Reserved.

Sec. 28-93.   Same - Use not exclusive.

Sec. 28-94.   Use of passenger curb loading zones.

Sec. 28-95.   Use of freight curb loading zones by commercial vehicles.

Sec. 28-96.   Use of freight curb loading zones by non-commercial vehicles.

Sec. 28-96.1.   Loading zone permit - Application; fee; expiration; transferability.

Sec. 28-97.   Vehicles backed to curb for loading.

Sec. 28-98.   Position of vehicles backed to curb for loading, etc.

Sec. 28-99.   Authority to designate public carrier stands.

Sec. 28-100.   Parking of busses and taxicabs regulated.

Sec. 28-101.   Restricted Use of Bus Stops, Taxicab Stands, and Stands Designated for Other Passenger Common Carrier Motor Vehicles.

Sec. 28-102.   Stopping of busses within intersection or crosswalk.

Division 4. Paid Parking Payment Devices.

Sec. 28-103.   Authority to install and operate paid parking payment devices.

Sec. 28-103.1.   Paid parking area.

Sec. 28-103.2.   Paid parking spaces.

Sec. 28-103.3.   Rate setting for paid parking.

Sec. 28-104.   Indication of expiration of parking time.

Sec. 28-105.   Vehicle to be parked within limit lines of paid parking spaces.

Sec. 28-106.   Payment required.

Sec. 28-107.   Parking where paid parking payment device has expired.

Sec. 28-108.    Parking where paid parking payment device is displaying a violation signal.

Sec. 28-109.   Stopping, standing, or parking beyond maximum legal time limit prohibited.

Sec. 28-110.   Use of paid parking spaces for loading and unloading.

Sec. 28-111.   Tampering with paid parking payment devices.

Sec. 28-112.   Deposit of slugs and non- authorized payment devices prohibited.

Sec. 28-113.   Collection and disposition of money deposited.

Sec. 28-114.   Convenience fee for paid parking payments by telephone or the Internet.

Sec. 28-114.1.   Reserved.

Sec. 28-114.2.   Interim hourly rates for paid parking in the Deep Ellum paid parking area.

Sec. 28-114.3.   Reserved.

Sec. 28-114.4.   Reserved.

Sec. 28-114.5.   Reserved.

Sec. 28-114.6.   Reserved.

Sec. 28-114.7.   Reserved.

Sec. 28-114.8.   Reserved.

Sec. 28-114.9.   Reserved.

Sec. 28-114.10.   Reserved.

Sec. 28-114.11.   Reserved.

Sec. 28-114.12.   Restricted access to paid parking spaces; exceptions.

Sec. 28-114.13.   Paid parking rates in city owned or operated parking lots.

Division 5. Restricted or Prohibited in Certain Areas.

Sec. 28-115.   Parking, stopping, and standing vehicles in private parking areas - authority to regulate; application of section.

Sec. 28-116.   Private parking areas - Approval of time limit, parking ban and parking plan; Sections 28-115 to 28-119 not mandatory.

Sec. 28-117.   Private parking areas - Erection of signs; content of signs; marking of parking spaces.

Sec. 28-118.   Reserved.

Sec. 28-119.   Same - Enforcement.

Sec. 28-120.   Parking on vacant property in residential or apartment districts - Erection of signs.

Sec. 28-121.   Same - Prohibited when signs erected.

Division 5A. Parking for Disabled Persons.

Sec. 28-121.1.   Definitions.

Sec. 28-121.2.   Offenses.

Sec. 28-121.3.   Voluntary designation of parking spaces or areas for disabled persons on private property.

Sec. 28-121.4.   Reserved.

Sec. 28-121.5.   Removal of unauthorized vehicles.

Sec. 28-121.6.   Reserved.

Division 5B. Residential Permit Parking Program.

Sec. 28-121.7.   Purpose.

Sec. 28-121.8.   Definitions.

Sec. 28-121.9.   Designation of residential permit parking zones.

Sec. 28-121.10.   Residential parking permit.

Sec. 28-121.11.   Offenses; permit revocation.

Division 5C. Resident-parking-only Program.

Sec. 28-121.12.   Purpose.

Sec. 28-121.13.   General authority and duty of director.

Sec. 28-121.14.   Definitions.

Sec. 28-121.15.   Designation of resident-parking- only zones; elimination or modification of zones.

Sec. 28-121.16.   Resident-parking-only permit.

Sec. 28-121.17   Temporary parking permits.

Sec. 28-121.18.   Offenses; permit revocation.

Division 6. Dallas Convention Center Parking Facility.

Sec. 28-122.   Area designated.

Sec. 28-123.   Purpose.

Sec. 28-124.   Certain vehicles prohibited from stopping, standing or parking.

Sec. 28-125.   Parking prohibited; erection of signs regulating same.

Sec. 28-126.   Reserved.

Sec. 28-127.   Authority to remove illegally parked vehicles.

Sec. 28-128.   Authority to issue parking citations to illegally parked vehicles.

Division 6A. Dallas City Hall Parking Garage.

Sec. 28-128.1.   Area designated.

Sec. 28-128.2.   Purpose.

Sec. 28-128.3.   Certain vehicles prohibited from entering.

Sec. 28-128.4.   Failure to obey signs prohibited; erection of signs.

Sec. 28-128.5.   Reserved.

Sec. 28-128.6.   Illegally parked vehicles - Authority to remove and issue parking citations.

Sec. 28-128.7.   Traffic control.

Division 6B. Bullington Street Truck Terminal.

Sec. 28-128.8.   Area designated.

Sec. 28-128.9.   Purpose.

Sec. 28-128.10.   Operating hours.

Sec. 28-128.11.   Certain vehicles prohibited during normal operating hours.

Sec. 28-128.12.   Stopping, standing, or parking prohibited.

Sec. 28-128.13.   Permission from director; defenses.

Sec. 28-128.14.   Reserved.

Sec. 28-128.15.   Authority to remove vehicles and issue citations.

Sec. 28-128.16.   Traffic control.

Division 7. Administrative Adjudication of Parking Violations.

Sec. 28-129.   Parking violations made civil offenses.

Sec. 28-130.   General authority and duty of director.

Sec. 28-130.1.   Hearing officers; powers, duties, and functions.

Sec. 28-130.2.   Parking citations; form.

Sec. 28-130.3.   Service of a parking citation; presumption of service.

Sec. 28-130.4.   Liability of the vehicle owner and operator; presumption of liability.

Sec. 28-130.5.   Answering a parking citation.

Sec. 28-130.6.   Adjudication by mail.

Sec. 28-130.7.   Hearings for disposition of a parking citation; parking citation as prima facie evidence.

Sec. 28-130.8.   Failure to answer a parking citation or appear at a hearing.

Sec. 28-130.9.   Fine schedule; other fees.

Sec. 28-130.10.   Enforcement of order.

Sec. 28-130.11.   Immobilization/impoundment hearing.

Sec. 28-130.12.   Appeal from hearing.

Sec. 28-130.13.   Disposition of fines, penalties, and costs.

ARTICLE XII.
SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR LOVE FIELD AND DALLAS EXECUTIVE AIRPORT.

Sec. 28-131.   Definitions.

Sec. 28-132.   Speed restrictions; reasonable and prudent.

Sec. 28-133.   Designation of one-way roads.

Sec. 28-134.   Erection of “do not enter” signs; obedience to “do not enter” signs.

Sec. 28-135.   Erection of stop signs; obedience to stop signs.

Sec. 28-136.   Erection of turn signs; obedience to turn signs.

Sec. 28-137.   Authorization to establish no parking, stopping, or standing signs.

Sec. 28-138.   Authorization to establish passenger loading zones.

Sec. 28-139.   Authorization to establish loading zones.

Sec. 28-140.   Authorization to establish special use zones, call box stands, etc.

Sec. 28-141.   Designation of public parking areas.

Sec. 28-142.   Vehicles not to block roads, driveways, ramps, taxiways, or entrances.

Sec. 28-143.   Restricted areas.

Sec. 28-144.   Removal of illegally parked vehicles.

Sec. 28-145.   Throwing of bottles, etc., on streets, roads, etc.

Sec. 28-146.   Issuance of traffic tickets or notices to violators of this article.

ARTICLE XIII.
VIOLATIONS AND PENALTIES.

Sec. 28-147.   Procedure upon arrest for violation of chapter.

Sec. 28-148.   Giving false name upon arrest for traffic violations.

Sec. 28-149.   Giving false address upon arrest for traffic violations.

Sec. 28-150.   Violation of written promise to appear.

Sec. 28-151.   Procedure upon failure of traffic violator to appear.

Sec. 28-152.   Payment of fines; when pleading guilty.

Sec. 28-153.   Disposition of fines and forfeitures.

Sec. 28-154.   Authority to arrest without warrant for violations of chapter.

Sec. 28-155.   Reserved.

ARTICLE XIV.
FREEWAY REGULATIONS.

Sec. 28-156.   Vehicular access to enumerated streets to be designated.

Sec. 28-157.   Pedestrians prohibited from crossing enumerated streets.

Sec. 28-158.   Hitchhiking prohibited on freeways.

Sec. 28-158.1.   Reserved.

Sec. 28-159.   Animal-drawn vehicles, motor driven cycle, and pushcarts prohibited from using enumerated streets.

Sec. 28-159.1.   Drivers prohibited from stopping on enumerated streets; defenses.

ARTICLE XV.
MOTOR VEHICLE ESCORTS FOR HIRE.

Sec. 28-160.   Definitions.

Sec. 28-161.   Escort license required.

Sec. 28-162.   Same - Minimum age of person obtaining.

Sec. 28-163.   Same - Application; information required.

Sec. 28-164.   Same - Investigation; issuance.

Sec. 28-165.   Same - Refusal to issue or renew.

Sec. 28-166.   Same - Revocation.

Sec. 28-167.   Same - Appeal.

Sec. 28-168.   Same - Insurance.

Sec. 28-169.   Same - One year term.

Sec. 28-170.   Escort license - Fee; transferability.

Sec. 28-171.   Same - Posting.

Sec. 28-172.   Functions, powers and duties of police department.

Sec. 28-173.   Chauffeur’s license - Required; application.

Sec. 28-174.   Same - Issuance; denial.

Sec. 28-175.   Same - Revocation.

Sec. 28-176.   Same - Appeal from refusal to issue or renew; from decision to revoke.

Sec. 28-177.   Same - Fee, fingerprints and photograph; nontransferable.

Sec. 28-178.   Same - To be carried on person.

Sec. 28-179.   Employment of qualified operators responsibility of owner.

Sec. 28-180.   Police officers may furnish escorts.

Sec. 28-181.   Escorts for funeral cortege not required.

Sec. 28-182.   Requirements for motor vehicles used in escort service.

Sec. 28-183.   Funeral escort guides; uniform and equipment requirements.

Sec. 28-184.   Operating procedures.

Sec. 28-185.   Advertisements; limitations.

ARTICLE XVI.
PARADES.

Sec. 28-186.   Definitions.

Sec. 28-187.   Permit required; exceptions.

Sec. 28-188.   Application for parade permit; fee.

Sec. 28-189.   Issuance of parade permit.

Sec. 28-190.   Denial of parade permit.

Sec. 28-191.   Revocation of parade permit.

Sec. 28-192.   Appeal of denial or revocation of parade permit.

ARTICLE XVII.
STREETCAR REGULATIONS.

Sec. 28-193.   Definitions.

Sec. 28-194.   Authority of the director of transportation.

Sec. 28-195.   Operation of streetcars and other vehicles.

Sec. 28-196.   Unlawful conduct on or near a streetcar.

Sec. 28-197.   Smoking, eating, and drinking prohibited on a streetcar.

Sec. 28-198.   Obstructing tracks; defacing or disturbing property.

Sec. 28-199.   Police assistance required.

ARTICLE XVIII.
LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEM.

Sec. 28-200.   Definitions.

Sec. 28-201.   Operation of vehicles in the transitway mall and transit corridor.

Sec. 28-202.   Transitway mall safety quadrants.

ARTICLE XIX.
SPECTATORS PROHIBITED AT STREET RACES AND RECKLESS DRIVING EXHIBITIONS.

Division 1. Definitions.

Sec. 28-203.   Definitions.

Division 2. Spectators Prohibited at Street Races and Reckless Driving Exhibitions.

Sec. 28-204.   Spectators prohibited at street races and reckless driving exhibitions.

Sec. 28-205.   Penalty.

Division 3. Abatement of Nuisance Vehicles Engaged in Street Races or Reckless Driving Exhibition.

Sec. 28-206.   Declaration and abatement of nuisance vehicles.

Sec. 28-207.   Notice of nuisance and abatement to legal and registered owners and lienholders.

Sec. 28-208.   Administrative abatement of nuisance.

Sec. 28-209.   Judicial abatement of nuisance proceedings.

Sec. 28-210.   Joint property interest release.

Sec. 28-211.   Stipulated vehicle release agreement.

Sec. 28-212.   Vehicle title vesting in the city.

Sec. 28-213.   Sale of abated vehicle.

Sec. 28-214.   Disposition of low-value vehicles.

Sec. 28-215.   Distribution of sale proceeds.

Sec. 28-216.   Accounting of sale proceeds.

Sec. 28-217.   Stolen vehicles.

Sec. 28-218.   Innocent owner remedy.

Sec. 28-219.   Towing and storage fees.

Division 4. Aiding Street Racing or Reckless Driving Exhibitions.

Sec. 28-219.1.   Aiding street racing and reckless driving exhibitions.

ARTICLE XX.
PHOTOGRAPHIC ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE ADJUDICATION OF SCHOOL BUS STOP ARM VIOLATIONS.

Division 1. Generally.

Sec. 28-220.   Definitions.

Sec. 28-221.   General authority and duties of the director and department.

Sec. 28-222.   Enforcement officers - powers, duties, and functions.

Sec. 28-223.   Hearing officers - powers, duties, and functions.

Division 2. Enforcement of School Bus Stop Arm Violations as Civil Offenses.

Sec. 28-224.   School bus stop arm violations as civil offenses; defenses; presumptions.

Sec. 28-225.   Civil school bus stop arm citations; form.

Sec. 28-226.   Service of a civil school bus stop arm citation.

Sec. 28-227.   Answering a civil school bus stop arm citation.

Sec. 28-228.   Adjudication by mail.

Sec. 28-229.   Hearings for disposition of a school bus stop arm citation; citation and photographic recorded images as prima facie evidence.

Sec. 28-230.   Failure to answer a civil school bus stop arm citation or appear at a hearing.

Sec. 28-231.   Civil fines for school bus stop arm violations; penalties and other costs.

Sec. 28-232.   Appeal from hearing.

Sec. 28-233.   Effect of liability; exclusion of civil remedy; enforcement.

Sec. 28-234.   Disposition of civil fines, penalties, and costs assessed for school bus stop arm violations.

ARTICLE XXI.
MISCELLANEOUS FEES.

Sec. 28-235.   Engineering review and location fees.