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(a) Declaration of Purpose. Public safety is hereby declared to require that the uninterrupted operation of the aircraft and petroleum industries and of utilities supplying water, gas and electricity be protected by preventing the intrusion upon the properties thereof of idle, curious or malicious persons and of persons whose presence thereon is not necessary, and by prohibiting the loitering about such places by persons capable of inflicting harm to or of impeding the use of such vital industries and utilities.
(b) Posting – Manner of, Prescribed. It shall be the duty of each person, firm, corporation, governmental agency, department or instrumentality and of each board, commission or department of this City, which has possession and control, or which has the right to possession or control of any of the facilities, plants and utility properties enumerated in Subsection (c) hereof, to post at each entrance to any structure devoted to any use so enumerated, at each entrance to any fenced or enclosed area devoted to any such use, and at intervals not more than three hundred feet around any area devoted to such use, substantial signs not less than one square foot in area, displaying prominently the words, “TRESPASSING – LOITERING – FORBIDDEN BY LAW”; provided, however that any public waiting room, dining room, office or other portion of any structure or premises to which general public access is required in the normal use and operation thereof or where materials are delivered to or received by the public, need not be so posted.
The “posted boundary” of any area shall be a line running from sign to sign, and such line need not conform to the legal boundary or legal description of any lot, parcel or acreage of land.
(c) Posting – Where Required. The places required to be so posted are the following:
1. Every airport, and every plant, field and structure used for the manufacture, assembling or testing of aircraft;
2. Every tank-farm, refinery, compressor- plant, or absorption plant, marine terminal, pipe line pumping station and reservoir, used for the bulk treatment, bulk handling or bulk storage of petroleum or petroleum products;
3. Every reservoir, dam and pumping station of a public water system;
4. Every reservoir, dam, generating plant, receiving station and distributing station of a utility furnishing electrical energy to the public;
5. Every gas generating plant, compression plant, gas holder and gas tank used for the production, distribution or bulk storage of gas for public use.
(d) Posting – When Optional. Any plant, facility, structure or area devoted to any purpose incident to the production, bulk treatment, bulk transportation or bulk storage of petroleum or petroleum products, or incident to the production, transmission or distribution of gas or electricity for public use, or incident to the treatment, storage or distribution of water for public use, may likewise be posted by the owner or operator in the manner hereinabove described.
(e) Trespassing – A Misdemeanor. When any such premises is posted as provided in this section, it shall be unlawful for any person to go upon or to remain upon any place within the posted boundary of any such premises, or to enter or to remain in any such posted structure, without having upon them the express written consent of the person, firm, corporation, department or agency lawfully in possession or control thereof.
(f) Loitering – A Misdemeanor. It shall be unlawful for any person to loiter in the immediate vicinity of any premises posted as provided in this section while having in their possession any explosive, or any cutting tool or device, or any substance or device of whatever character capable of doing harm or damage to any structure, machinery, equipment or other property of a similar or dissimilar character, installed or located upon such posted premises or area.
Nothing in this ordinance shall be deemed to prohibit any activity for the purpose of engaging in any organizational effort on behalf of any labor union, agents or members thereof, and/or employee groups employed or formerly employed in any place of business or manufacturing establishment mentioned herein, or for carrying on the normal activities of labor unions.
(Added by Ord. No. 183,912, Eff. 12/2/15.)
(a) For purposes of this section:
1. “Uncrewed Aircraft” shall mean an aircraft, including, but not limited to, an aircraft commonly known as a drone, that is operated without the possibility of direct human intervention from within or on the aircraft.
2. “Uncrewed Aircraft System” shall mean an Uncrewed Aircraft and associated elements, including, but not limited to, any communication links and components that control the Uncrewed Aircraft.
3. “Person” shall have the same meaning as set forth in Subsection (a) of Section 11.01 of this Code.
4. “Model Aircraft” shall mean an Uncrewed Aircraft or Uncrewed Aircraft System operated by any Person strictly for hobby or recreational purposes.
5. “Civil UAS” shall mean an Uncrewed Aircraft or Uncrewed Aircraft System operated by any Person for any purposes other than strictly hobby or recreational purposes, including, but not limited to, commercial purposes or in furtherance of, or incidental to, any business or media service or agency.
6. “Public UAS” shall mean an Uncrewed Aircraft or Uncrewed Aircraft System operated by any public agency for government related purposes.
(b) The following shall apply to the operation of any Model Aircraft within the City of Los Angeles:
1. No Person shall operate any Model Aircraft within the City of Los Angeles and within 5 miles of an airport without the prior express authorization of the airport air traffic control tower.
2. No Person shall operate any Model Aircraft within the City of Los Angeles in a manner that interferes with crewed aircraft, and shall always give way to any crewed aircraft.
3. No Person shall operate any Model Aircraft within the City of Los Angeles beyond the visual line of sight of the person operating the Model Aircraft. The operator must use the operator’s own natural vision (which includes vision corrected by standard eyeglasses or contact lenses) to observe the Model Aircraft. People other than the operator may not be used in lieu of the operator for maintaining visual line of sight. Visual line of sight means that the operator has an unobstructed view of the Model Aircraft. The use of vision-enhancing devices, such as binoculars, night vision goggles, powered vision magnifying devices, and goggles or other devices designed to provide a “first-person view” from the model, do not constitute the visual line of sight of the person operating the Model Aircraft.
4. No Person shall operate any Model Aircraft within the City of Los Angeles other than during daylight hours defined as between official sunrise and official sunset for local time.
5. No Person shall operate any Model Aircraft within the City of Los Angeles more than 400 feet above the earth’s surface.
6. Excluding takeoff and landing, no Person shall operate any Model Aircraft within the City of Los Angeles closer than 25 feet to any individual, except the operator or the operator’s helper(s).
(c) The following shall apply to the operation of any Model Aircraft or Civil UAS within the City of Los Angeles:
1. No Person shall operate any Model Aircraft or Civil UAS within the City of Los Angeles in a manner that is prohibited by any federal statute or regulation governing aeronautics.
2. No Person shall operate any Model Aircraft or Civil UAS within the City of Los Angeles in violation of any temporary flight restriction (TFR) or notice to air missions (NOTAM) issued by the Federal Aviation Administration.
3. No Person shall operate any Model Aircraft or Civil UAS within the City of Los Angeles in a careless or reckless manner so as to endanger the life or property of another. The standard for what constitutes careless and reckless operation under this section shall be the same as the standard set forth in any federal statutes or regulations governing aeronautics including but not limited to Federal Aviation Rule 91.13.
(d) It shall be unlawful for any Person to violate or fail to comply with this section. Any Person violating the provisions of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and subject to the provisions of Subsection (m) of Section 11.00 of this Code.
(e) This section shall not apply to any Public UAS operated pursuant to, and in compliance with, the terms and conditions of any current and enforceable authorization granted by the Federal Aviation Administration.
(Added by Ord. No. 187,818, Eff. 6/5/23.)
(a) Definitions. The following definitions shall apply to this section:
1. “Catalytic converter” means any exhaust emission control device, or portion thereof, that converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants.
2. “Documentation or other proof” means written document(s) clearly identifying the vehicle from which the catalytic converter originated based on the totality of the circumstances, and includes, but is not limited to, the following types of documents:
i. Bill of sale from the original owner with photographs.
ii. Documentation from an auto-body shop proving that the owner relinquished the catalytic converter to the auto-body shop.
iii. Verifiable electronic communication from the previous owner to the possessor relinquishing ownership of the catalytic converter.
iv. Photographs of the vehicle from which the catalytic converter originated.
v. Vehicle registration associated with the catalytic converter containing an etched associated license plate number or vehicle identification number.
3. “Lawful possession” includes: (1) being the lawful owner of the catalytic converter; or (2) in possession of the catalytic converter with the lawful owner’s written consent. It is not required to prove the catalytic converter was stolen to establish the possession is not a “lawful possession”.
4. “Person” shall have the same meaning as set forth in Subsection (a) of Section 11.01 of this Code.
(b) Prohibition. It shall be unlawful for any person, other than a core recycler as defined in California Business and Professions Code Section 21610, to possess any catalytic converter that is not attached to a vehicle, unless the possessor has valid documentation or other proof to verify that they are in lawful possession of the catalytic converter.
(c) Penalty.
1. Each and every violation of this section shall constitute a separate violation and shall be subject to all remedies and enforcement measures authorized by the Los Angeles Municipal Code. Each and every catalytic converter unlawfully possessed is a separate violation of this section.
2. A violation of this section shall constitute a misdemeanor and upon conviction may be punished by a fine not to exceed $1,000, or by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed six months, or by both.
3. The City Attorney may also prosecute a civil action under applicable State law to enforce this section and in any action a civil penalty may be imposed as provided by law and where appropriate, restitution ordered to aggrieved victims.
4. The remedies provided herein are not to be construed as exclusive remedies. The City is authorized to pursue any proceedings or remedies provided by law.
(d) Severability. If any subsection, sentence, clause or phrase of this section is for any reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional by a court of competent jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this section. The City Council hereby declares that it would have adopted this section and each and every subsection, sentence, clause and phrase thereof not declared invalid or unconstitutional, without regard to whether any portion of the section would be subsequently declared invalid or unconstitutional.
(Added by Ord. No. 170,517, Eff. 5/19/95.)
(a) Definitions. Notwithstanding any other definitions of the words defined herein, the words defined herein shall have the following meanings for the purposes of this ordinance:
(1) “Appurtenant parking facilities” shall mean any parking lot or structure that is the primary and posted place for the parking of the vehicles of health care providers and members of the public using any medical facility, including any driveway apron which permits vehicular access to such parking lot or structure.
(2) “Client of a medical facility” shall mean any individual who utilizes or attempts to utilize the services of a medical facility and who, by reason of such actual or attempted utilization, becomes the focus or object of any unlawful interference.
(3) “Congregation” shall mean any assembly, for the purposes of parading, patrolling or otherwise demonstrating, of three or more individuals.
(4) “Connecting pedestrian access” shall mean any sidewalk or street crosswalk directly connecting a medical facility to its appurtenant parking facilities.
(5) “Health care provider” shall mean any individual who owns, operates, supplies, or is employed at any medical facility, whether on a permanent, temporary, occasional or incidental basis, including any volunteer who facilitate the delivery of medical services at the invitation of the health care providers responsible for operating the medical facility.
(6) “Medical facility” shall mean any hospital, medical clinic, medical office or other facility at which lawful, professional medical services, diagnoses and/or counseling are delivered to members of the public.
(7) “Medical services” shall means any and all services related to the determination, diagnosis, monitoring or treatment of the medical condition or status of an individual, including, without limitation, any counseling, referral, diagnostic, laboratory, clinical or surgical services.
(8) “Peace or security” shall mean the conditions necessary to conduct the normal operations of a medical facility, taking into account (1) the effect of activities on ingress and egress readily available to members of the public seeking medical services, (2) any noise, diversion or disturbance affecting a medical facility, and (3) any other effects on the operations that unreasonably jeopardize the health and safety of the members of the public seeking medical services.
(9) “Person” shall mean any individual, organization or association.
(10) “Residential dwelling” means any permanent building being used by one or more occupants for nontransient residential uses. (Added by Ord. No. 187,192, Eff. 9/29/21.)
(11) “Targeted” means picketing activity that is targeted at a particular Residential dwelling and occurs in front of the Residential dwelling or proceeds on a course or route in front of or around that particular Residential dwelling. (Added by Ord. No. 187,192, Eff. 9/29/21.)
(b) Prohibition Against Intentional Interference with the Normal Operations of a Medical Facility. Any person, acting alone or in concert with others, who intentionally acts in any manner that threatens or disturbs the peace or security of any medical facility by threatening to interfere or actually interfering with (1) the normal operations of a medical facility, (2) the lawful activities of a client of a medical facility, or (3) the lawful activities of a health care provider attempting to provide medical services shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
Nothing in this subsection shall prohibit any peaceful expressive conduct, including protesting, picketing, demonstrating, or distributing pamphlets near a medical facility so long as such conduct does not interfere with the normal operations of the medical facility.
(c) Police Authority to Order Dispersal of Violative Congregation. The police are hereby authorized to order the immediate dispersal of any congregation that is directed at, and threatens or violates the peace or security of, a medical facility. In determining whether a congregation threatens or violates the peace or security of the medical facility, the police shall take into account the effects upon the normal operations of medical facilities, including, but not limited to, (1) the effect of activities on ingress and egress readily available to members of the public seeking medical services, (2) any noise, diversion or disturbance affecting a medical facility, and (3) any other effects on the operations that unreasonably jeopardize the health and safety of the members of the public seeking medical services.
Any order to disperse issued by police pursuant to this subsection shall include a statement indicating substantially each of the following:
(1) That the congregation has threatened or violated the peace or security of a medical facility;
(2) That the congregation is not protected by the constitutional right of the people peaceably to assemble in that its actions are unlawful; and
(3) That each member of the congregation, and all persons acting in concert with such congregation, must, under penalty of arrest and prosecution, immediately disperse and cease to congregate within fifty (50) feet of (1) the medical facility, (2) its appurtenant parking facilities, and (3) any connecting pedestrian access, and within four hours of such order to disperse or before such later time that the police proclaim to be necessary to protect the peace and security of the medical facility.
(d) Failure To Disperse or Subsequently Reassembling Following An Order From The Police To Disperse. Any person who is part of any congregation acting within fifty (50) feet of (1) any medical facility, (2) its appurtenant parking facilities, or (3) any connecting pedestrian access who refuses to disperse after having been reasonably ordered to do so by the police shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. In addition, any individual members of that congregation, or any other persons willfully acting in concert with such congregation, who reassembles within the same area within four hours of such order or before such later time that the police proclaim to be necessary to protect the peace and security of the medical facility, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
(e) Targeted residential picketing prohibited. (Amended by Ord. No. 187,192, Eff. 9/29/21.) No person shall engage in Targeted picketing activity at or within 300 feet of the Targeted Residential dwelling. This subsection does not and shall not be interpreted to preclude picketing in a residential area that is not Targeted at a particular Residential dwelling.
Any person who is aggrieved by an act prohibited by this subsection may bring an action for damages, injunctive and/or declaratory relief, as appropriate, in a court of competent jurisdiction against any person who has violated, has conspired to violate, or proposes to violate the provisions of this subsection. Any aggrieved person who prevails in such an action shall be entitled to recover from the violator those damages, costs, attorneys’ fees, and such other relief as determined by the court. In addition to all other damages or relief, the court may award to the aggrieved person a civil penalty of up to $1,000 for each violation of this subsection. The remedies provided by this subsection are in addition to any other legal or equitable remedies may have and are not intended to be exclusive.
(f) Penalties for Violation; Misdemeanor. Any person convicted of willfully violating Subsection (b), (d) or (e) of Section 56.45 of the Los Angeles Municipal Code is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by a fine not to exceed $1,000 and/or shall be sentenced to imprisonment in the county jail for a period not to exceed six months.
(g) Coexistence with Injunctive Relief for Specific Deprivations of Protected Rights. Nothing herein is intended to abridge, circumscribe or otherwise affect the rights of any person to pray for and obtain injunctive relief for the deprivation of protected rights.
(h) Severability of Provisions. If any severable provision or provisions of this ordinance or any application thereof is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of the ordinance that can be given effect notwithstanding such invalidity.
(i) Urgency Clause. The City Council finds and declares that this ordinance is required for the immediate protection of the public peace, health and safety. This ordinance will prevent interferences with the operations of medical facilities, assure the efficient and expedient delivery of medical services to persons seeking treatment, and protect the well-being, tranquillity and privacy of individuals in their personal residences.
This ordinance is necessary to assure the efficient and expedient delivery of medical services and protect the peace and security of medical facilities and to safeguard the peace and privacy of individuals’ homes. Therefore, this ordinance shall become effective upon publication pursuant to Section 281 of the Los Angeles City Charter.
It is unlawful for a person in charge or control of a business, or for any employee of that business, to refuse, after a request, to allow a person to place an emergency call from a telephone located at the business premises, or to refuse, after request, to place such a call on behalf of said person.
This section shall apply only to the use of a telephone located in a portion of a business premises open to the public and during hours the business is open to the public.
For the purposes of this section:
(1) A request for an emergency call must include a description of the activity or occurrence constituting the emergency and a statement of intent or desire that the Fire or Police Department be contacted; and
(2) An emergency call means a telephone call to either the Los Angeles City Police Department or to the Los Angeles City Fire Department to request assistance where facts exist which establish that an activity or occurrence has caused, is causing, or creates an imminent danger of causing physical harm or injury to persons or property.
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