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(a) The most recent inspection report shall be readily available for inspection by the Department at the facility.
(b) Public health hazards and closing criteria. Where one or more of the following public health hazard conditions exist, the bathing establishment may be immediately closed by the Department and shall remain closed until the hazardous condition(s) are corrected. No person shall use the facility until the violations are corrected in compliance with the provisions of this Article. The facility shall remain closed until the Department has authorized the reopening of the facility. Public health hazard shall mean but shall not be limited to:
(1) For pools:
(A) Failure to provide adequate level of supervision, as required by 24 RCNY Health Code § 165.15.
(B) Failure to provide the minimum disinfectant residual levels, as required by 24 RCNY Health Code § 165.23.
(C) Failure to continuously operate the swimming pool's filtration and disinfection equipment.
(D) Use of an unapproved or contaminated water supply source for potable water use.
(E) Overhead electrical wires within 20 feet of the pool, except where covered and secured in a ceiling.
(F) Unprotected electrical circuits or wiring within 10 feet of the pool.
(G) Failure to maintain emergency lighting source.
(H) Inadequate number of lifesaving equipment on pool deck, as required by 24 RCNY Health Code § 165.17.
(I) Pool bottom or main drain grate not visible.
(J) Absence of or improper depth markings at a pool.
(K) Plumbing cross-connections between the drinking water supply and pool water or between sewage system and the pool's filter backwash facilities, or other cross-connections in the pool plumbing.
(L) Failure to provide and maintain an enclosure around the pool area that will prevent access to the pool during the hours in which the pool is not open for use.
(M) Use of unapproved chemicals or the application of chemicals by unapproved methods to the pool water.
(N) Broken, missing or unsecured main drain grates in the pool.
(O) Overcrowding of the pool that results in inability to supervise bathers.
(P) Glass or sharp objects in pool or on deck area.
(Q) Failure to provide pool safety plan approved by the Department.
(R) Spa pool water temperature exceeds 104 degree Fahrenheit.
(S) Any other condition dangerous to life or health.
(2) For sauna and steam rooms:
(A) Sauna temperature exceeds 194 degrees Fahrenheit.
(B) Steam temperature exceeds 120 degrees Fahrenheit.
(C) Door not free swinging or does not swing out.
(D) Viewing window not provided.
(E) Monitoring by attendant inadequate, or one hour timer not provided, as required by 24 RCNY Health Code § 165.63.
(F) Alarm not provided, inoperable, inaudible or not operating in correct range. Alarm not installed to cut off heat in sauna or steam room when activated.
(3) For spray grounds:
(A) Failure to provide adequate level of supervision of the spray ground as required by 24 RCNY Health Code § 165.15.
(B) Failure to provide the minimum disinfectant residual levels and the minimum ultraviolet light dosage as required by 24 RCNY Health Code § 165.23.
(C) Failure to continuously operate the spray ground filtration and disinfection equipment.
(D) Use of an unapproved or contaminated water supply source for potable water use.
(E) Overhead electrical wires within 20 feet of the spray ground, except where covered and secured in a ceiling.
(F) Unprotected electrical circuits or wiring within 10 feet of the spray pad.
(G) Broken or missing drain grates on the spray pad.
(H) Failure to maintain emergency lighting source.
(I) Plumbing cross-connections between the drinking water supply and spray ground treatment system or between sewage system and the spray pad's filter backwash facilities, or other cross-connections in the plumbing.
(J) Use of unapproved chemicals or the application of chemicals by unapproved methods to the spray ground water.
(K) Glass or sharp objects on spray pad or deck area.
(L) Visible contamination of the spray pad and/or spray pad treatment tank by a potentially toxic chemical or a bacteriological substance that could present a hazard to the public.
(M) Any other condition determined by the Department to be dangerous to life or health.
The Department may approve on written application and after review, a modification when strict application of any provision of this Article presents practical difficulties or unusual hardships. The Commissioner in a specific instance may modify the application of such provision consistent with the general purpose of this Article and upon such conditions as, in his or her opinion, are necessary to protect the health or safety of bathers.
(a) All bathing establishments shall be maintained and operated in a safe, clean and sanitary condition at all times.
(b) Certifications. All bathing establishments shall be operated and supervised by the required certified personnel. The pool operator shall not hire or retain any person who does not have verifiable aquatic supervisory staff qualifications. Copies of the certificates or other documents showing possession of such qualifications shall be kept on file at the facility and shall be readily available for inspection by the Department.
(1) Pool operator. A pool operator shall be designated and shall be responsible for the operation of the bathing establishment in compliance with this Article. No person who is charged with the operation of a bathing establishment shall engage in or be employed in such capacity unless the person obtains a certificate indicating successful completion of an adequate course of instruction regarding the safe and effective operation and maintenance of pool treatment equipment. "Adequate" is defined in 24 RCNY Health Code § 165.03. An adequate course of instruction shall be determined by the Department. A refresher course may be required for a licensed pool operator whenever deemed necessary by the Department. The Department may require that a refresher course be taken when continuing violations of the Article are found, when a water borne disease outbreak implicates the pool and/or spray ground water or sanitary conditions at the pool and/or spray ground, or when the Department requires such a course to acquaint the operator with current developments in pool operation.
(2) Aquatic supervisory staff. Except in a physical-therapy pool, appropriately certified aquatic supervisory staff shall be present whenever the pool is open. A minimum of one supervising lifeguard is required for pools that require three or more aquatic supervisory staff. The aquatic supervisory staff shall meet the following minimum requirements:
(A) Supervision Level II – Pool Lifeguard.
(1) Shall be at least 16 years old (or 15 years old if a supervisory lifeguard is present), and
(2) Shall possess a current American Red Cross Basic Life Support for the Professional Rescuer Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) certificate or equivalent American Heart Association certificate, or an equivalent certificate approved by the New York State Department of Health. Certification period shall not exceed one year, and
(3) Shall possess a current American Red Cross Lifeguard Training Certification, or an equivalent certificate approved by the New York State Department of Health.
(B) Supervision Level III and IIIA.
(1) Level III.
(i) Shall be at least 18 years old (or 16 years old if certified as Level II Lifeguard); and
(ii) Shall possess a current American Red Cross Community-Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) certificate, or equivalent certificate approved by the New York State Department of Health. Certification period shall not exceed one year, except if assisting a lifeguard as specified in 24 RCNY Health Code § 165.15(b)(2)(B)(2) below; and
(iii) Shall be competent to understand and apply the provisions of this Article and the Safety Plan, evaluate environmental hazards, use lifesaving equipment, and control bathers and crowds.
(2) Level IIIA. A supervision Level IIIA staff assists a lifeguard with direct supervision of bathers as specified in 24 RCNY Health Code § 165.15(c)(1)(C)(6) below. No person shall be qualified under this paragraph unless such person possesses certification in Lifeguard Management issued by the American Red Cross or a certificate issued by a certifying agency determined by the State Commissioner of Health to provide an adequate level of training in aquatic injury prevention and emergency response. Certification shall be valid for the time period specified by the certifying agency but shall not exceed a consecutive three year period from course completion.
(C) Supervising Lifeguard.
(1) Supervising lifeguard shall have the qualifications for Supervision Level II.
(2) Supervising lifeguard shall have at least two years adequate life guarding experience.
(c) Supervision. For pools, aquatic supervisory staff shall be on the pool deck and shall provide continuous visual supervision and surveillance of the patrons in their assigned or designated area of coverage, without interference or interruption of his/her duties unless additional supervisory staff is provided. The staff shall not be subject to duties that would distract their attention from proper observation of patrons in the pool area, or that would prevent immediate assistance to persons in distress in water. The aquatic supervisory staff shall clear the water of bathers when the pool area is left without adequate supervision. The following is the minimum number of aquatic supervisory staff required for visual surveillance of the entire pool area(s) that are open to bathing. Additional aquatic supervisory staff may be required by the Department whenever it is necessary for the protection of the patrons. The Department may consider such factors as pool size and shape, diving board use, patron decorum and usage by developmentally disabled patrons.
(1) Swimming pools:
(A) Pools with less than 3,400 square feet of surface water area: at least one Supervision Level II Lifeguard on duty for every 75 bathers.
(B) Pools with 3,400 square feet or greater in surface water area:
(1) At least one Supervision Level II Lifeguard shall be provided for each 3,400 square feet of pool surface area or fraction thereof.
(2) When the number of bathers exceeds or is likely to exceed 50 percent of the pool bather capacity based on 25 square feet of pool surface area per bather, at least one additional Supervision Level II Lifeguard shall be provided.
(3) At pools required to provide three or more Aquatic Supervisory Staff, a Supervising lifeguard is required.
(4) When included in the department approved safety plan, the pool operator may limit the portions of the pool open to bathers and provide the required aquatic supervisory staff consistent with the pool area open.
(C) Use of pool for lap swimming or similar restricted usage: When included in the department approved safety plan, usage of the pool limited to lap swimming or an organized small group activity, may be supervised by fewer lifeguards than required based solely on surface water area.
(2) Wading pools: At least one Level III supervisor shall be on duty.
(3) Spa pools: Except for spa pools described in 24 RCNY Health Code § 165.01(b), at least one Level III supervisor shall be on duty and provide periodic supervision at least once every 15 minutes, or as specified in the pool safety plan approved by the department.
(4) Physical-therapy pools: Except for spa pools described in 24 RCNY Health Code § 165.01(b), supervision by licensed health care providers such as physicians or therapists, qualified as Level III supervisors is required. Such person shall be in the pool or on the pool deck whenever pool is in use.
(5) Wave pools: A minimum of three Supervision Level II lifeguards, two of whom are in lifeguard chairs outfitted with the emergency switch that will immediately stop the wave machine, shall be present whenever the wave machine is in operation.
(6) Pools in usage during instructional activities: When instructional activities occur, including but not limited to learn to swim programs, physical education classes and swim team activities, and the required Supervision Level II staff (lifeguards, as per 24 RCNY Health Code § 165.15(b)(2)) provide the instruction, at least one additional staff meeting at least Supervision Level III must be provided for each aquatic supervisory staff engaging in instructional activities. When a Supervision Level IIIA staff is utilized to assist a Supervision Level II (lifeguard) staff with direct supervision of bathers during instruction, the Supervision Level IIIA staff must possess certification in aquatic injury prevention and emergency response as specified in 24 RCNY Health Code § 165.15(b)(2)(B)(2) above. The written Safety Plan must describe the duties, positioning at pool side and interaction between the lifeguard and Level III staff which ensures adequate bather supervision and emergency response. Note: where instructors, in the water or on the deck, supplement the required on-deck lifeguard(s) who do not provide instruction, no extra Level III supervision is required.
(7) White-water slide: Supervision by Supervision Level II lifeguards shall be provided in a number determined by the Department depending on the design of the facility. A proposed supervision staff plan shall be submitted in writing to the department for review and approval.
(d) Surveillance requirements for sauna and steam rooms: If a one-hour timer is not provided, as provided for in 24 RCNY Health Code § 165.63, an attendant who meets the definition of responsible person, shall inspect the facility at a minimal interval of 15 minutes during all periods of operation of a sauna and steam room and shall maintain a daily log of inspections.
(e) Supervision requirements for spray grounds: At least one Supervisory Staff as defined in 24 RCNY Health Code § 165.03, shall provide periodic supervision of the spray ground.
Either one commercially prepared 24-unit first aid kit or a minimum supply of band aids, bandage compresses and self-adhering gauze bandages must be provided at the spray ground unless otherwise specified in the safety plan. For facilities with pools, the following minimum equipment shall be kept in good repair and readily accessible near the pool deck at all times when the pool facility is open for use:
(a) Lifesaving and safety equipment.
(1) At all pools requiring a Level II lifeguard, the following lifesaving and safety equipment shall be provided:
(A) One rescue tube with an attached line for each lifeguard on duty.
(B) One reaching pole at least 15 feet long.
(C) A full size commercially available spine board (or a spine board 6 feet long and a minimum 16 inches wide) provided with straps and head immobilizer to aid in immobilization of a victim, and handholds.
(D) First aid kit. One commercially prepared 24-unit first aid kit or, a minimum supply of band aids, bandage compresses and self-adhering gauze bandages.
(E) Resuscitation equipment shall be available as specified in the Rules of the Department, 24 RCNY Chapter 18.
(F) Two blankets.
(2) At pools requiring a Level III supervisor, the following lifesaving and safety equipment shall be provided:
(A) First aid kit. One commercially prepared 24-unit first aid kit or, a minimum supply of band aids, bandage compresses and self-adhering gauze bandages.
(B) Resuscitation equipment shall be available as specified in the Rules of the Department, 24 RCNY Chapter 18.
(C) Two blankets.
(b) Lifeguard station. Elevated lifeguard chairs shall be provided at all pools having a surface area greater than 2,000 square feet. One elevated lifeguard chair is required for each 3,400 square feet of pool surface area or fraction thereof. The chairs shall be located so as to provide a clear, unobstructed view of the pool bottom in the pool area under surveillance.
(c) Emergency telephone and emergency contact list. A telephone shall be immediately accessible within 300 feet unimpeded distance of the pool water (an unlocked door or gate shall not be considered an impediment) for emergency communications in the bathing establishment. The telephone numbers of local police, emergency medical services, nearest hospital, fire department, and poison control center shall be posted in a conspicuous place near the telephone. The name, address and telephone number of the establishment shall be listed by the telephone.
The operator of a pool and/or spray ground shall develop, maintain and implement a written safety plan which consists of policies and procedures to be followed by the personnel during normal operation and emergencies for protecting the public from accidents and injuries. The safety plan must include procedures for daily bather supervision, injury prevention, reacting to emergencies, injuries and other incidents, providing first aid and summoning help. The safety plan shall be approved by the department and shall be accessible for use and inspection by the department at all times. The owner or pool operator shall review the plan periodically and update the plan before making any change to operations or the facility or when directed to do so by the department. Changes made to the plan shall be submitted to the department for approval before implementation.
(a) The operator shall comply with the minimum requirements of this Code governing safety and sanitation and shall enforce such additional policy as may be necessary to protect the health and safety of the public.
(c) Contagious or infectious disease control. Any person having any contagious disease shall be excluded from use of the pool. This includes skin disease, sore or inflamed eyes, a cold, ear or nasal discharges and other communicable diseases not readily apparent by a visual inspection.
(d) Protection against infection. Persons having any considerable area of exposed subepidermal tissue, open blisters, cuts, boils or other evident skin or other bodily infection shall be excluded from a bathing establishment.
(e) Wastes and contamination. Urinating, expectorating or blowing the nose or otherwise introducing human waste or other contaminants into the pool is prohibited. Children's diapers shall be fully enclosed with impervious material so that liquid and solid wastes are contained therein and do not contaminate the pool water.
(f) Alcohol. The pool operator shall not permit persons under the influence of alcohol or who are exhibiting erratic behavior in the pool area.
(g) Patron control. Patrons shall be showered and dressed in bathing attire before entering the pool or entering upon walks immediately adjacent to pools.
(h) Conduct. The pool operator shall not permit patron conduct within the pool facility that is dangerous or compromises the safety of the patron involved or others in the facility. No boisterous or rough play, except supervised water sports, is permitted.
(i) Diving. Diving in water less than eight feet deep is prohibited, except for competitive swimming or training activities appropriately supervised by qualified staff.
(j) Outdoor pools. Swimming is prohibited at outdoor swimming pools when lightning is present, including a 15-minute period after the last lightning is observed.
(k) Spa pools. The use of oils, body lotions and minerals shall be prohibited.
(l) Prolonged or repetitive breath-holding can be deadly. Such activities are permitted only when appropriately supervised by qualified staff, as set forth in the operator's pool safety plan. No intentional hyperventilation or underwater competitive breath-holding should be allowed.
The chemical quality of water in the pool and/or spray ground shall not cause irritation to the eyes or skin of the bathers or have other objectionable physiological effects on patrons. The water shall be chemically balanced to maintain clarity, proper disinfection, total alkalinity, and pH levels as specified below:
(a) Disinfectant residual. All pools and/or spray grounds in use shall be automatically and continuously disinfected by means of equipment that is in compliance with the provisions of this Article and that uses a disinfectant which is approved by the department. Silver/copper ion generators, ozone and other disinfectants may be used only as a supplement to chlorine or bromine.
(1) Chlorine residual.
(A) Pools. Where chlorine is used as a disinfectant, and the pool water pH is less than or equal to 7.8, the dosage of chlorine or chlorine compound shall be sufficient to maintain a concentration of at least 0.6 mg/l free chlorine throughout the pool. When pH is between 7.8 and 8.2, a concentration of at least 1.5 mg/l free chlorine residual shall be maintained. During use, pool water shall not exceed a free chlorine residual of 5.0 mg/l or a pH of 8.2. The pH of water in the spa pool shall be maintained between 7.2 and 7.8, and a minimum free residual chlorine of 1.5 mg/l shall be provided. Spa pools shall be chlorinated to 10 mg/l (shock treatment) at least once a week at end of daily usage period.
(B) Spray Grounds. When calcium hypochlorite or sodium hypochlorite are used to disinfect a spray pad and the spray pad treatment tank, the dose of chlorine or chlorine compound shall be sufficient to maintain a concentration of at least 2.0 mg/l free chlorine throughout the system including the treatment tank and water emanating from the spray features. A free chlorine residual of 10.0 mg/l shall not be exceeded in any spray pad treatment tank during use. Spray pad treatment tank water pH shall be maintained between 7.2 and 7.8.
(2) Superchlorination and superoxidation. When combined chlorine (chloramines) in excess of 0.5 mg/l is detected in pool and/or spray ground treatment tank water, the water shall be superchlorinated to attain a free chlorine concentration of at least 10 times the combined chlorine concentration, or oxidized by other means to eliminate the combined chlorine. Hand feeding of chemicals directly into the pool and/or spray ground treatment tank is permitted for purposes of superchlorination or superoxidation when the pool and/or spray ground is closed to the public.
(3) Bromine.
(A) When bromine is used as a disinfectant, the pH of water shall be maintained between 7.2 and 7.8, and a minimum bromine residual of 1.5 mg/l shall be provided. Spa pools shall be maintained at a bromine residual between 3 mg/l and 6 mg/l. A maximum of 6 mg/l bromine residual shall be permitted in any pool during use.
(B) The pH of the spray pad treatment tank water and water emanating from the spray features shall be maintained throughout the system between 7.2 and 7.8 and a minimum bromine residual of 4.4 mg/l shall be provided.
(4) Silver/copper. When silver/copper or copper ion generators are authorized, the concentration of copper shall not exceed 1.3 mg/l and the concentration of silver shall not exceed 0.05 mg/l.
(5) Ozone. When ozone is authorized, ozone concentration in pool water shall not exceed 0.1 mg/l and the ambient air zone concentration shall be less than 0.1 mg/l at all times either in the vicinity of the ozonator or at the pool water surface.
(6) Ultraviolet Light. The light intensity meter reading of the ultraviolet unit shall be monitored and recorded at least two times daily. The light intensity shall be maintained at the manufacturer's specified level for the flow rate. When the output intensity falls below the setpoint intensity, conditions causing decreased ultraviolet light intensity at the sensor shall be evaluated and corrected. The ultraviolet lamp(s) shall be replaced when the decreased ultraviolet light intensity is due to lamp failure.
(7) Other disinfectants. Use of cyanuric acid-based chlorine (or any other chlorine stabilizer) is prohibited. Pools found using or containing any cyanuric compound shall be closed, drained and refilled prior to continued use. Disinfectants other than those listed in 24 RCNY Health Code § 165.45(l) may be used only if approved by the department and the New York State Department of Health.
(b) Total alkalinity. The total alkalinity of the pool water shall be maintained within the range of 80 to 120 mg/l.
(c) Testing kits. Each pool or spray ground facility shall have functional colorimetric water testing equipment for free chlorine and combined chlorine, or total bromine; pH; total alkalinity; calcium hardness; copper concentration when silver/copper or copper ion generator is used; and ozone concentration when ozone generating equipment is used. FAS-DPD test kits are acceptable. A supply of appropriate reagents for making each type of test shall be maintained on site, shall be stored in their original labeled containers and shall be replaced every six months or as recommended by the manufacturer. When colorimetric tests are used, color standards shall be furnished for each of the tests, that allow an accurate comparison of the sample to be tested from standpoint of color and density, and shall be reasonably permanent and no fading. Electronic residual and pH monitoring devices may be used in addition to the test kit.
(1) Water testing equipment for the disinfectant used in the water shall be maintained on site. The equipment for determining pH shall include at least five increments with a range of pH 6.8 to 8.2, accurate to the nearest 0.2 pH unit.
(2) Where chlorine is used as a disinfectant, a DPD (Diethyl-P-Phenylene Diamine) test kit with at least ten chlorine color standards with the following increments: 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 10 mg/l as minimum. If other halogens are used, an appropriate scale shall be provided.
(3) When bromine is used as a disinfectant, a colorimetric test kit for determining free bromine residual and pH shall be available. The test kit shall include at least seven bromine standards covering a range of 1.0 to 7.0 mg/l.
(4) Standard testing equipment for determining total alkalinity and calcium hardness, and saturation index. [See paragraph (e), Saturation Index, below.]
(5) When silver/copper or copper ion generator is authorized, a test kit for determining the concentration of copper shall be available.
(6) When ozone generating equipment is authorized, a test kit or equipment for determining the concentration of ozone in water shall be available.
(d) Records and testing. A bathing establishment operation record including all test results shall be maintained on a daily basis by the establishment. Whenever tests indicate that an inadequate disinfectant level, inadequate ultraviolet light intensity or inappropriate pH value are present, immediate action shall be taken to reestablish an appropriate disinfectant level and pH value. Pool water shall be manually tested and results recorded as indicated below, including pool water systems equipped with an automatic monitoring device to control pH and disinfectant residual in water:
(1) For pH, free chlorine or bromine residual the water shall be tested at least three times. Tests shall be at the beginning of the day, during the day's peak bather load, and at the end of the day; or more frequently, as needed, throughout each day to maintain the standards required by this Article.
(2) For combined chlorine the water shall be tested at least twice a week.
(3) Total alkalinity and calcium hardness or saturation index shall be tested at least once a month. [See paragraph (e), Saturation Index, below.]
(4) Copper concentration (when silver/copper or copper ion generator is used) shall be tested at least once a month.
(5) Ozone concentration (where ozone is used) shall be tested in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications or at least once a day.
(6) The ultraviolet light intensity meter reading of the ultraviolet light unit shall be monitored and recorded at least two times a day.
(e) Saturation index. For the purposes of this Article the saturation index shall be used to determine chemical balance of the water, and whether the water is corrosive (undersaturated) or scale forming (oversaturated). The Department may require that the bathing establishment determine the saturation index monthly or at any other frequency required to maintain water clarity, proper disinfection, alkalinity and pH levels.
S.I. = pH + TF + CF + AF - 12.1
Where: pH = actual reading
12.1 = constant
TF = Temperature Factor (Table 1)
CF = Calcium Hardness Factor (Table 1)
AF = Total Alkalinity Factor (Table 1)
12.1 = constant
TF = Temperature Factor (Table 1)
CF = Calcium Hardness Factor (Table 1)
AF = Total Alkalinity Factor (Table 1)
When saturation index is between -0.5 and +0.5, the water is balanced and within tolerance limits. The optimum saturation index is zero. When saturation index is above +0.5, the water is super-saturated with CaCO3 which may deposit a coating or scale in the pipeline, particularly metal filters, valves and pumps. When saturation index is below -0.5, water will dissolve CaCO3 and may be corrosive.
Table 1: Numerical Values for Saturation Index Formula
Temperature F° (C°) | TF | Calcium Hardness | CF | Total Alkalinity | AF |
32 (0) | 0.0 | 5 | 0.3 | 5 | 0.7 |
37 (3) | 0.1 | 25 | 1.0 | 25 | 1.4 |
46 (8) | 0.2 | 50 | 1.3 | 50 | 1.7 |
53 (12) | 0.3 | 75 | 1.5 | 75 | 1.9 |
60 (16) | 0.4 | 100 | 1.6 | 100 | 2.0 |
66 (19) | 0.5 | 150 | 1.8 | 150 | 2.2 |
76 (24) | 0.6 | 200 | 1.9 | 200 | 2.3 |
84 (29) | 0.7 | 300 | 2.1 | 300 | 2.5 |
94 (34) | 0.8 | 400 | 2.2 | 400 | 2.6 |
105 (40) | 0.9 | 800 | 2.5 | 800 | 2.9 |
128 (53) | 1.0 | 1,000 | 2.6 | 1,000 | 3.0 |
Example: Given temperature 68 degrees, total hardness 200 mg/l, total alkalinity 20 mg/l, CaCO3 and pH = 7.8
S.I. = pH + TF + CF + AF - 12.1 *(Calcium hardness = 0.70 × 200 = 140 mg/l)
S.I. = 7.8 + 0.52 + 1.76 + 1.22 - 12.1 = (-) 0.8 Therefore, the water is corrosive.
S.I. = 7.8 + 0.52 + 1.76 + 1.22 - 12.1 = (-) 0.8 Therefore, the water is corrosive.
Note: Saturation index is best maintained slightly on the positive side within the tolerance limits.
Normal Control Levels: | pH = 7.4 - 7.8 |
Temperature: | 78 - 80 degrees (indoors) |
Total alkalinity: | 80 - 120/mg/l |
Free chlorine: | 0.6 (minimum) saturation index (-) 0.5 - (+) |
0.5 calcium hardness: 180 - 250 mg/l | |
Alkalinity Control: | To increase – 1 1/2 lb of sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 baking soda will raise the alkalinity of 10,000 gallons of water by 10 mg/l. |
To lower – add no more than one pint (1/8 gallon) of muriatic acid per 5,000 gallons of pool water (or 1.25 lb of sodium bisulfate). Addition of such compounds may be added by hand into the water while the pool is closed. This will lower alkalinity by 12 mg/l. | |
pH: | To increase – use soda ash. |
To decrease – muriatic acid or sodium bisulfate. | |
Hardness Control: | Calcium hardness is assumed to be 70% of total hardness. To increase – 1 lb of calcium chloride will raise the calcium hardness of 10,000 gallons of water by 11 mg/l. It should be added in small amounts by hand into the water while the pool is closed. To lower, dilute with soft water. |
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