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Cleveland Overview
Cleveland, OH Code of Ordinances
CITY OF CLEVELAND, OHIO CODE OF ORDINANCES
CHARTER OF THE CITY OF CLEVELAND
PART ONE: ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
PART TWO: HEALTH CODE
PART THREE: LAND USE CODE
PART FOUR: TRAFFIC CODE
TITLE I: ADMINISTRATION
TITLE III: STREETS AND TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES
TITLE V: VEHICLES
CHAPTER 431 - OPERATION GENERALLY
§ 431.01 Driving upon Right Side of Roadway; Exceptions
§ 431.02 Passing to Right When Proceeding in Opposite Directions
§ 431.03 Overtaking and Passing of Vehicles Proceeding in the Same Direction
§ 431.04 Overtaking and Passing upon Right of Another Vehicle
§ 431.05 Overtaking, Passing to Left of Center
§ 431.06 Additional Restrictions on Driving upon Left Side of Roadway
§ 431.07 Hazardous or No Passing Zones
§ 431.08 Driving in Marked Lanes or Continuous Lines of Traffic
§ 431.09 Space Between Moving Vehicles
§ 431.10 Turning at Intersections
§ 431.11 Turning into Private Driveway, Alley or Building
§ 431.12 “U” Turns Restricted
§ 431.13 Starting and Backing Vehicles
§ 431.14 Signals Before Changing Course, Turning or Stopping
§ 431.15 Hand and Arm Signals
§ 431.16 Right-of-Way at Intersections
§ 431.17 Right-of-Way When Turning Left
§ 431.18 Operation of Vehicle at Yield Signs
§ 431.19 Operation of Vehicle at Stop Signs
§ 431.20 Emergency or Public Safety Vehicles at Stop Signals or Signs
§ 431.21 Right-of-Way of Public Safety or Coroner's Vehicle
§ 431.22 Right-of-Way at Highway from Any Place Other than Another Roadway; Duty to Yield
§ 431.23 Driving onto Roadway from Place Other Than Roadway; Stopping at Sidewalk
§ 431.24 Right-of-Way of Funeral Procession
§ 431.25 Driver’s View and Control to be Unobstructed by Load or Persons
§ 431.26 Driving upon Street Posted as Closed for Repair
§ 431.27 Following and Parking Near Emergency or Safety Vehicles
§ 431.28 Driving over Fire Hose
§ 431.29 Driving Through Safety Zone
§ 431.30 One-Way Streets and Rotary Traffic Islands
§ 431.31 Driving upon Divided Roadways
§ 431.32 Entering and Exiting Controlled-Access Highway
§ 431.33 Obstructing Intersection, Crosswalk or Grade Crossing; Penalty
§ 431.34 Failure to Control; Weaving; Full Time and Attention
§ 431.35 Occupying a Moving Trailer or Manufactured Home
§ 431.36 Squealing Tires, “Peeling,” Cracking Exhaust Noises
§ 431.37 Driving upon Sidewalks, Street Lawns or Curbs
§ 431.38 Stopping for School Bus; Discharging Children
§ 431.39 Driving Across Grade Crossing
§ 431.40 Stopping at Grade Crossing
§ 431.41 Shortcutting at Intersections
§ 431.42 Signs on Vehicles Selling Ice Cream and Frozen Desserts
§ 431.43 Driving with Open Rear Hatch
§ 431.44 Idle Reduction, Exemptions, Penalty
§ 431.45 Operation of Low-Speed Vehicle
CHAPTER 433 - INTOXICATION; RECKLESS OPERATION; SPEED
CHAPTER 435 - LICENSING AND ACCIDENTS
CHAPTER 437 - SAFETY AND EQUIPMENT
CHAPTER 439 - COMMERCIAL AND HEAVY VEHICLES
CHAPTER 441 - MOTOR BUSES - REPEALED
CHAPTER 443 - TAXICABS
CHAPTER 445 - SIGHT-SEEING CARS
CHAPTER 447 - CARRIAGES
CHAPTER 449 - SNOWMOBILES, OFF-HIGHWAY MOTORCYCLES, AND ALL-PURPOSE VEHICLES
TITLE VII: PARKING
TITLE IX: PEDESTRIANS, BICYCLES AND MOTORCYCLES
TITLE XI: WATER TRAFFIC CODE
TITLE XIII: HELICOPTERS AND OTHER AIRCRAFT
PART FIVE: MUNICIPAL UTILITIES AND SERVICES CODE
PART SIX: OFFENSES AND BUSINESS ACTIVITIES CODE
TITLE VIIA: CLEVELAND NEIGHBORHOOD FORM-BASED CODE
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§ 431.11 Turning into Private Driveway, Alley or Building
   The driver of a vehicle intending to turn into a private road or driveway, alley or building from a public street or highway shall be governed by the following rules:
   (a)   Approach for a right turn and a right turn shall be made as close as practicable to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway.
   (b)   Upon a roadway where traffic is proceeding in opposite directions, approach for a left turn and a left turn shall be made from that portion of the right half of the roadway nearest the center line thereof.
   (c)   Upon a roadway where traffic is restricted to one (1) direction, approach for a left turn and a left turn shall be made as close as practicable to the left-hand curb or edge of the roadway.
   The driver of any vehicle entering a private road or driveway, alley or building shall yield the right-of- way to pedestrians lawfully using the sidewalk or sidewalk area extending across any alleyway.
(Ord. No. 1684-76. Passed 6-29-76, eff. 7-6-76)
§ 431.12 “U” Turns Restricted
   (a)   Except as provided in RC 4511.13 and division (b) of this section, no vehicle shall be turned so as to proceed in the opposite direction upon any curve, or upon the approach to or near the crest of a grade, if such vehicle cannot be seen within five hundred (500) feet by the driver of any other vehicle approaching from either direction.
   (b)   The driver of an emergency vehicle or public safety vehicle, when responding to an emergency call, may turn the vehicle so as to proceed in the opposite direction. This division applies only when the emergency vehicle or public safety vehicle is responding to an emergency call, is equipped with and displaying at least one (1) flashing, rotating, or oscillating light visible under normal atmospheric conditions from a distance of five hundred (500) feet to the front of the vehicle, and when the driver of the vehicle is giving an audible signal by siren, exhaust whistle, or bell. This division does not relieve the driver of an emergency vehicle or public safety vehicle from the duty to drive with due regard for the safety of all persons and property upon the highway.
   (c)   Except as provided in division (b) of this section, no vehicle shall be turned so as to proceed in the opposite direction within an intersection, or upon any street in a business district, or upon a freeway, expressway or controlled-access highway, or where authorized signs are erected to prohibit such movement, or at any other location unless such movement can be made with reasonable safety to other users of the street and without interfering with the safe operation of any traffic that may be affected by such movement.
(RC 4511.37; Ord. No. 1279-15. Passed 4-24-17, eff. 4-25-17)
§ 431.13 Starting and Backing Vehicles
   (a)   (1)   No person shall start a vehicle, streetcar, or trackless trolley which is stopped, standing or parked until the movement can be made with reasonable safety.
      (2)   Before backing, operators of vehicles, streetcars, or trackless trolleys shall give ample warning, and while backing they shall exercise vigilance not to injure person or property on the street or highway.
      (3)   No person shall back a motor vehicle on a freeway, except:
         A.   In a rest area;
         B.   In the performance of public works or official duties;
         C.   As a result of an emergency caused by an accident or breakdown of a motor vehicle.
(RC 4511.38; Ord. No. 1279-15. Passed 4-24-17, eff. 4-25-17)
§ 431.14 Signals Before Changing Course, Turning or Stopping
   (a)   (1)   No person shall turn a vehicle or trackless trolley or move right or left upon a highway unless and until such person has exercised due care to ascertain that the movement can be made with reasonable safety, nor without giving an appropriate signal in the manner hereinafter provided.
      (2)   When required, a signal of intention to turn or move right or left shall be given continuously during not less than the last one hundred (100) feet traveled by the vehicle or trackless trolley before turning except that in the case of a person operating a bicycle, the signal shall be made not less than one (1) time but is not required to be continuous. A bicycle operator is not required to make a signal if the bicycle is in a designated turn lane, and a signal shall not be given when the operator's hands are needed for the safe operation of the bicycle.
      (3)   No person shall stop or suddenly decrease the speed of a vehicle or trackless trolley without first giving an appropriate signal in the manner provided herein to the driver of any vehicle or trackless trolley immediately to the rear when there is opportunity to give a signal.
      (4)   Any stop or turn signal required by this section shall be given either by means of the hand and arm, or by signal lights that clearly indicate to both approaching and following traffic the intention to turn or move right or left, except that any motor vehicle in use on a highway shall be equipped with, and the required signal shall be given by, signal lights when the distance from the center of the top of the steering post to the left outside limit of the body, cab or load of such motor vehicle exceeds twenty-four (24) inches, or when the distance from the center of the top of the steering post to the rear limit of the body or load thereof exceeds fourteen (14) feet, whether a single vehicle or a combination of vehicles.
      (5)   The signal lights required by this section shall not be flashed on one (1) side only on a disabled vehicle or trackless trolley, flashed as a courtesy or "do pass" signal to operators of other vehicles or trackless trolleys approaching from the rear, nor be flashed on one (1) side only of a parked vehicle or trackless trolley except as may be necessary for compliance with this section.
(RC 4511.39; Ord. No. 1279-15. Passed 4-24-17, eff. 4-25-17)
§ 431.15 Hand and Arm Signals
   (a)   Except as provided in division (b) of this section, all signals required by this Traffic Code and RC 4511.01 to 4511.78, when given by hand and arm, shall be given from the left side of the vehicle in the following manner, and such signals shall indicate as follows:
      (1)   Left turn, hand and arm extended horizontally;
      (2)   Right turn, hand and arm extended upward;
      (3)   Stop or decrease speed, hand and arm extended downward.
   (b)   As an alternative to division (a)(2) of this section, a person operating a bicycle or mobility device may give a right turn signal by extending the right hand and arm horizontally and to the right side of the bicycle or mobility device.
(Ord. No. 464-2019. Passed 6-3-19, eff. 7-5-19; Am. Ord. No. 396-2020. Passed 6-3-20, eff. 6-9-20)
Statutory reference:
   Similar State law, see RC 4511.40
§ 431.16 Right-of-Way at Intersections
   (a)   When two (2) vehicles, including any trackless trolley or streetcar, approach or enter an intersection from different streets or highways at approximately the same time, the driver of the vehicle on the left shall yield the right-of-way to the vehicle on the right.
   (b)   The right-of-way rule declared in division (a) of this section is modified at through highways and otherwise as stated in this Traffic Code and RC Chapter 4511.
(RC 4511.41; Ord. No. 1279-15. Passed 4-24-17, eff. 4-25-17)
§ 431.17 Right-of-Way When Turning Left
   The operator of a vehicle, streetcar, or trackless trolley intending to turn to the left within an intersection or into an alley, private road, or driveway shall yield the right-of-way to any vehicle, streetcar, or trackless trolley approaching from the opposite direction, whenever the approaching vehicle, streetcar, or trackless trolley is within the intersection or so close to the intersection, alley, private road, or driveway as to constitute an immediate hazard.
(RC 4511.42; Ord. No. 1279-15. Passed 4-24-17, eff. 4-25-17)
§ 431.18 Operation of Vehicle at Yield Signs
   The driver of a vehicle or trackless trolley approaching a yield sign shall slow down to a speed reasonable for the existing conditions and, if required for safety to stop, shall stop at a clearly marked stop line, but if none, before entering the crosswalk on the near side of the intersection, or, if none, then at the point nearest the intersecting roadway where the driver has a view of approaching traffic on the intersecting roadway before entering it. After slowing or stopping, the driver shall yield the right-of-way to any vehicle or trackless trolley in the intersection or approaching on another roadway so closely as to constitute an immediate hazard during the time the driver is moving across or within the intersection or junction of roadways. Whenever a driver is involved in a collision with a vehicle or trackless trolley in the intersection or junction of roadways, after driving past a yield sign without stopping, the collision shall be prima facie evidence of the driver's failure to yield the right-of-way.
(RC 4511.43(B); Ord. No. 1279-15. Passed 4-24-17, eff. 4-25-17)
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