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(a) No person shall, without being authorized, have in his or her control or possession any equipment, tools, implements or other property belonging to the municipality.
(R.C. § 5589.12)
(b) Whoever violates this section is guilty of a minor misdemeanor.
(R.C. § 5589.99(B))
(Prior Code, § 642.23)
(a) If more than one item of property or services is involved in a theft offense or in a violation of R.C. § 1716.14(A) involving a victim who is an elderly person or disabled adult, or any substantially equivalent municipal ordinance, the value of the property or services involved for the purpose of determining the value as required by R.C. § 2913.61(A) is the aggregate value of all property or services involved in the offense.
(b) (1) When a series of offenses under R.C. § 2913.02, or a series of violations of, attempts to commit a violation of, conspiracies to violate, or complicity in violations of R.C. § 1716.14(A), 2913.02, 2913.03 or 2913.04, 2913.21(B)(1) or (B)(2), or 2913.31 or 2913.43 involving a victim who is an elderly person or disabled adult, or any substantially equivalent municipal ordinance to any of these offenses, is committed by the offender in the offender’s same employment, capacity or relationship to another, all of those offenses shall be tried as a single offense. When a series of offenses under R.C. § 2913.02, or a series of violations of, attempts to commit a violation of, conspiracies to violate, or complicity in violations of R.C. § 2913.02 or 2913.43 involving a victim who is an active duty service member or spouse of an active duty service member, or any substantially equivalent municipal ordinance to any of these offenses, is committed by the offender in the offender’s same employment, capacity, or relationship to another, all of those offenses shall be tried as a single offense. The value of the property or services involved in the series of offenses for the purpose of determining the value as required by R.C. § 2913.61(A) is the aggregate value of all property and services involved in all offenses in the series.
(2) If an offender commits a series of offenses under R.C. § 2913.02 that involves a common course of conduct to defraud multiple victims, all of the offenses may be tried as a single offense. If an offender is being tried for the commission of a series of violations of, attempts to commit a violation of, conspiracies to violate, or complicity in violations of R.C. § 1716.14(A), 2913.02, 2913.03 or 2913.04, 2913.21(B)(1) or (B)(2), or 2913.31 or 2913.43, whether committed against one victim or more than one victim, involving a victim who is an elderly person or disabled adult, or any substantially equivalent municipal ordinance to any of these offenses, pursuant to a scheme or course of conduct, all of those offenses may be tried as a single offense. If an offender is being tried for the commission of a series of violations of, attempts to commit a violation of, conspiracies to violate, or complicity in violations of R.C. § 2913.02 or 2913.43, or any substantially equivalent municipal ordinance to any of these offenses, whether committed against one victim or more than one victim, involving a victim who is an active duty service member or spouse of an active duty service member pursuant to a scheme or course of conduct, all of those offenses may be tried as a single offense. If the offenses are tried as a single offense, the value of the property or services involved for the purpose of determining the value as required by R.C. § 2913.61(A) is the aggregate value of all property and services involved in all of the offenses in the course of conduct.
(3) When a series of two or more offenses under R.C. § 2913.40, 2913.48, or 2921.41 is committed by the offender in the offender’s same employment, capacity or relationship to another, all of those offenses may be tried as a single offense. If the offenses are tried as a single offense, the value of the property or services involved for the purpose of determining the value as required by R.C. § 2913.61(A) is the aggregate value of all property and services involved in all of the offenses in the series of two or more offenses.
(4) In prosecuting a single offense under division (b)(1), (b)(2) or (b)(3) of this section, it is not necessary to separately allege and prove each offense in the series. Rather, it is sufficient to allege and prove that the offender, within a given span of time, committed one or more theft offenses or violations of R.C. § 2913.40, 2913.48, or 2921.41 in the offender’s same employment, capacity, or relationship to another as described in division (b)(1) or (b)(3) of this section, or committed one or more theft offenses that involve a common course of conduct to defraud multiple victims or a scheme or course of conduct as described in division (b)(2) of this section. While it is not necessary to separately allege and prove each offense in the series in order to prosecute a single offense under division (b)(1), (b)(2), or (b)(3) of this section, it remains necessary in prosecuting them as a single offense to prove the aggregate value of the property or services in order to meet the requisite statutory offense level sought by the prosecution.
(c) The following criteria shall be used in determining the value of property or services involved in a theft offense:
(1) The value of an heirloom, memento, collector’s item, antique, museum piece, manuscript, document, record or other thing that has intrinsic worth to its owner and that either is irreplaceable or is replaceable only on the expenditure of substantial time, effort or money, is the amount which would compensate the owner for its loss.
(2) The value of personal effects and household goods, and of materials, supplies, equipment and fixtures used in the profession, business, trade, occupation, or avocation of its owner, which property is not covered under division (c)(1) of this section, and which retains substantial utility for its purpose regardless of its age or condition, is the cost of replacing the property with new property of like kind and quality.
(3) The value of any real or personal property that is not covered under division (c)(1) or (c)(2) of this section, and the value of services, is the fair market value of the property or services. As used in this section, “fair market value” is the money consideration which a buyer would give and a seller would accept for property or services, assuming that the buyer is willing to buy and the seller is willing to sell, that both are fully informed as to all facts material to the transaction, and that neither is under any compulsion to act.
(d) Without limitation on the evidence which may be used to establish the value of property or services involved in a theft offense:
(1) When the property involved is personal property held for sale at wholesale or retail, the price at which the property was held for sale is prima facie evidence of its value.
(2) When the property involved is a security or commodity traded on an exchange, the closing price or, if there is no closing price, the asked price, given in the latest marked quotation prior to the offense, is prima facie evidence of the value of the security or commodity.
(3) When the property involved is livestock, poultry or raw agricultural products for which a local market price is available, the latest local market price prior to the offense is prima facie evidence of the value of the livestock, poultry or products.
(4) When the property involved is a negotiable instrument, the face value is prima facie evidence of the value of the instrument.
(5) When the property involved is a warehouse receipt, bill of lading, pawn ticket, claim check or other instrument entitling the holder or bearer to receive property, the face value or, if there is no face value, the value of the property covered by the instrument less any payment necessary to receive the property, is prima facie evidence of the value of the instrument.
(6) When the property involved is a ticket of admission, ticket for transportation, coupon, token or other instrument entitling the holder or bearer to receive property or services, the face value or, if there is no face value, the value of the property or services which may be received by the instrument is prima facie evidence of the value of the instrument.
(7) When the services involved are gas, electricity, water, telephone, transportation, shipping or other services for which the rate is established by law, the duly established rate is prima facie evidence of the value of the services.
(8) When the services involved are services for which the rate is not established by law, and the offender has been notified prior to the offense of the rate for the services, either in writing or orally, or by posting in a manner reasonably calculated to come to the attention of potential offenders, the rate contained in the notice is prima facie evidence of the value of the services.
(R.C. § 2913.61(B) - (E)) (Prior Code, § 642.24)
(a) The following criteria shall be used in determining the value of property or amount of physical harm involved in a violation of § 642.06(a)(1) or (b)(1):
(1) If the property is an heirloom, memento, collector’s item, antique, museum piece, manuscript, document, record or other thing that is either irreplaceable or is replaceable only on the expenditure of substantial time, effort, or money, the value of the property or the amount of physical harm involved is the amount that would compensate the owner for its loss.
(2) If the property is not covered under division (a)(1) of this section, and the physical harm is such that the property can be restored substantially to its former condition, the amount of physical harm involved is the reasonable cost of restoring the property.
(3) If the property is not covered under division (a)(1) of this section, and the physical harm is such that the property cannot be restored substantially to its former condition, the value of the property, in the case of personal property, is the cost of replacing the property with new property of like kind and quality, and in the case of real property or real property fixtures, is the difference in the fair market value of the property immediately before and immediately after the offense.
(b) As used in this section, “fair market value” has the same meaning as in R.C. § 2913.61.
(c) Prima facie evidence of the value of property, as provided in R.C. § 2913.61(D), may be used to establish the value of property pursuant to this section.
(R.C. § 2909.11(B) - (D)) (Prior Code, § 642.25)
(a) In a prosecution for a theft offense, as defined in R.C. § 2913.01, that involves alleged tampering with a gas, electric, steam or water meter, conduit or attachment of a utility that has been disconnected by the utility, proof that a meter, conduit or attachment of a utility has been tampered with is prima facie evidence that the person who is obligated to pay for the service rendered through the meter, conduit or attachment, and who is in possession or control of the meter, conduit or attachment at the time the tampering occurred has caused the tampering with intent to commit a theft offense.
(b) In a prosecution for a theft offense, as defined in R.C. § 2913.01, that involves the alleged reconnection of a gas, electric, steam or water meter, conduit or attachment of a utility that has been disconnected by the utility, proof that a meter, conduit or attachment disconnected by a utility has been reconnected without the consent of the utility is prima facie evidence that the person in possession or control of the meter, conduit or attachment at the time of the reconnection has reconnected the meter, conduit or attachment with intent to commit a theft offense.
(c) For the purpose of this section, the following definitions shall apply unless the context clearly indicates or requires a different meaning.
(1) “Tamper.” To interfere with, damage or bypass a utility meter, conduit or attachment with the intent to impede the correct registration of a meter or the proper functions of a conduit or attachment so as to reduce the amount of utility service that is registered on the meter.
(2) “Utility.” Any electric light company, gas company, natural gas company, pipe-line company, water-works company or heating or cooling company, as defined in R.C. § 4905.03(C), (D), (E), (F), (G), or (H), its lessees, trustees or receivers, or any similar utility owned or operated by a political subdivision.
(R.C. § 4933.18)
(d) Each electric light company, gas company, natural gas company, pipeline company, waterworks company or heating or cooling company, as defined by R.C. § 4905.03(C), (D), (E), (F), (G), or (H), or its lessees, trustees or receivers, and each similar utility owned or operated by a political subdivision, shall notify its customers, on an annual basis, that tampering with or bypassing a meter constitutes a theft offense that could result in the imposition of criminal sanctions.
(R.C. § 4933.19)
(Prior Code, § 642.26)
(a) For the purpose of this section, the following definitions shall apply unless the context clearly indicates or requires a different meaning.
(1) “Data.” Has the same meaning as in R.C. § 2913.01 and additionally includes any other representation of information, knowledge, facts, concepts or instructions that are being or have been prepared in a formalized manner.
(2) “Deceptive.” A statement, in whole or in part, would cause another to be deceived because it contains a misleading representation, withholds information, prevents the acquisition of information, or by any other conduct, act or omission creates, confirms or perpetuates a false impression, including but not limited to a false impression as to law, value, state of mind or other objective or subjective fact.
(3) “Insurer.” Any person that is authorized to engage in the business of insurance in this state under R.C. Title 39, the Ohio Fair Plan Underwriting Association created under R.C. § 3929.43, any health insuring corporation, and any legal entity that is self-insured and provides benefits to its employees or members.
(4) “Policy.” A policy, certificate, contract or plan that is issued by an insurer.
(5) “Statement.” Includes but is not limited to any notice, letter, or memorandum; proof of loss; bill of lading; receipt for payment; invoice, account or other financial statement; estimate of property damage; bill for services; diagnosis or prognosis; prescription; hospital, medical or dental chart or other record; x-ray, photograph, videotape or movie film; test result; other evidence of loss, injury or expense; computer-generated document; and data in any form.
(b) No person, with purpose to defraud or knowing that the person is facilitating a fraud, shall do either of the following:
(1) Present to, or cause to be presented to, an insurer any written or oral statement that is part of, or in support of, an application for insurance, a claim for payment pursuant to a policy, or a claim for any other benefit pursuant to a policy, knowing that the statement, or any part of the statement, is false or deceptive;
(2) Assist, aid, abet, solicit, procure or conspire with another to prepare or make any written or oral statement that is intended to be presented to an insurer as part of, or in support of, an application for insurance, a claim for payment pursuant to a policy, or a claim for any other benefit pursuant to a policy, knowing that the statement, or any part of the statement, is false or deceptive.
(c) Whoever violates this section is guilty of insurance fraud. Except as otherwise provided in this division, insurance fraud is a misdemeanor of the first degree. If the amount of the claim that is false or deceptive is $1,000 or more, insurance fraud is a felony to be prosecuted under appropriate state law.
(d) This section shall not be construed to abrogate, waive or modify R.C. § 2317.02(A).
(R.C. § 2913.47) (Prior Code, § 642.28)
(a) As used in this section, “public transportation system” means a county transit system operated in accordance with R.C. §§ 306.01 to 306.13, a regional transit authority operated in accordance with R.C. §§ 306. 30to 306.71, or a regional transit commission operated in accordance with R.C. §§ 306.80 to 306.90.
(b) No person shall evade the payment of the known fares of a public transportation system.
(c) No person shall alter any transfer, pass, ticket or token of a public transportation system with the purpose of evading the payment of fares or of defrauding the system.
(d) No person shall do any of the following while in any facility or on any vehicle of a public transportation system:
(1) Play sound equipment without the proper use of a private earphone;
(2) Smoke, eat or drink in any area where the activity is clearly marked as being prohibited; or
(3) Expectorate upon a person, facility or vehicle.
(e) No person shall write, deface, draw or otherwise mark on any facility or vehicle of a public transportation system.
(f) No person shall fail to comply with a lawful order of a public transportation system police officer, and no person shall resist, obstruct or abuse a public transportation police officer in the performance of the officer’s duties.
(g) Whoever violates any of the provisions of this section is guilty of misconduct involving a public transportation system.
(1) A violation of division (b), (c) or (f) of this section is a misdemeanor of the fourth degree.
(2) A violation of division (d) of this section is a minor misdemeanor on a first offense. If a person previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to a violation of any division of this section or of a municipal ordinance that is substantially equivalent to any division of this section, a violation of division (d) of this section is a misdemeanor of the fourth degree.
(3) A violation of division (e) of this section is a misdemeanor of the third degree.
(h) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, 75% of each fine paid to satisfy a sentence imposed for a violation of any of the provisions of this section shall be deposited into the Treasury of the county and 25% shall be deposited with the county transit board, regional transit authority or regional transit commission that operates the public transportation system involved in the violation, unless the Board of County Commissioners operates the public transportation system, in which case 100% of each fine shall be deposited into the Treasury of the county.
(R.C. § 2917.41) (Prior Code, § 642.30)
(a) No person, with purpose to defraud or knowing that the person is facilitating a fraud shall do any of the following:
(1) Receive workers’ compensation benefits to which the person is not entitled;
(2) Make or present or cause to be made or presented a false or misleading statement with the purpose to secure payment for goods or services rendered under R.C. Chapter 4121, 4123, 4127 or 4131 or to secure workers’ compensation benefits;
(3) Alter, falsify, destroy, conceal or remove any record or document that is necessary to fully establish the validity of any claim filed with, or necessary to establish the nature and validity of all goods and services for which reimbursement or payment was received or is requested from the Bureau of Workers’ Compensation, or a self-insuring employer under R.C. Chapter 4121, 4123, 4127 or 4131;
(4) Enter into an agreement or conspiracy to defraud the Bureau of Workers’ Compensation or a self-insuring employer by making or presenting or causing to be made or presented a false claim for workers’ compensation benefits;
(5) Make or present or cause to be made or presented a false statement concerning manual codes, classification or employees, payroll, paid compensation or number of personnel, when information of that nature is necessary to determine the actual workers’ compensation premium or assessment owed to the Bureau by an employer;
(6) Alter, forge or create a workers’ compensation certificate or falsely show current or correct workers’ compensation coverage;
(7) Fail to secure or maintain workers’ compensation coverage as required by R.C. Chapter 4123 with the intent to defraud the Bureau of Workers’ Compensation.
(b) Whoever violates this section is guilty of workers’ compensation fraud. Except as otherwise provided in this division, workers’ compensation fraud is a misdemeanor of the first degree. If the value of premiums and assessments unpaid pursuant to actions described in division (a)(5), (a)(6) or (a)(7) of this section, or goods, services, property or money stolen is $1,000 or more, workers’ compensation fraud is a felony to be prosecuted under appropriate state law.
(c) Upon application of the governmental body that conducted the investigation and prosecution of a violation of this section, the court shall order the person who is convicted of the violation to pay the governmental body its costs of investigating and prosecuting the case. These costs are in addition to any other costs or penalty provided under federal, state or local law.
(d) The remedies and penalties provided in this section are not exclusive remedies and penalties and do not preclude the use of any other criminal or civil remedy or penalty for any act that is in violation of this section.
(e) For the purpose of this section, the following definitions shall apply unless the context clearly indicates or requires a different meaning.
(1) “Claim.” Any attempt to cause the Bureau of Workers’ Compensation, an independent third party with whom the administrator or an employer contracts under R.C. § 4121.44, or a self- insuring employer to make payment or reimbursement for workers’ compensation benefits.
(2) “Employer,” “employee,” and “self-insuring employer.” Have the same meanings as in R.C. § 4123.01.
(3) “Employment.” Participating in any trade, occupation, business, service or profession for substantial gainful remuneration.
(4) “False.” Wholly or partially untrue or deceptive.
(5) “Goods.” Includes but is not limited to medical supplies, appliances, rehabilitative equipment and any other apparatus or furnishing provided or used in the care, treatment or rehabilitation of a claimant for workers’ compensation benefits.
(6) “Records.” Any medical, professional, financial or business record relating to the treatment or care of any person, to goods or services provided to any person, or to rates paid for goods or services provided to any person, or any record that the administrator of workers’ compensation requires pursuant to rule.
(7) “Remuneration.” Includes but is not limited to wages, commissions, rebates and any other reward or consideration.
(8) “Services.” Includes but is not limited to any service provided by any health care provider to a claimant for workers’ compensation benefits and any and all services provided by the Bureau as part of workers’ compensation insurance coverage.
(9) “Statement.” Includes but is not limited to any oral, written, electronic, electronic impulse or magnetic communication notice, letter, memorandum, receipt for payment, invoice, account, financial statement or bill for services; a diagnosis, prognosis, prescription, hospital, medical or dental chart or other record; and a computer generated document.
(10) “Workers’ compensation benefits.” Any compensation or benefits payable under R.C. Chapter 4121, 4123, 4127 or 4131.
(R.C. § 2913.48) (Prior Code, § 642.31)
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