(a) Purpose. Off-street parking, loading, and access standards are established for the following purposes:
(1) To ensure the proper and uniform development of parking areas throughout the City of Asheville and its extraterritorial jurisdiction.
(2) To provide for safe and adequate space for the temporary storage of vehicles.
(3) To relieve traffic congestion on public streets.
(4) To promote the efficient use of parking areas.
(5) To ensure the safe ingress and egress of vehicles entering and exiting the public street system.
(6) To provide for immediate access for fire and emergency services.
(b) Parking lot design. The following standards shall be met in designing off-street parking facilities.
(1) Parking aisle widths shall be as set forth in the Asheville Standards, Specifications, and Details Manual.
(2) Dimensions of parking spaces. Parking spaces shall be a minimum of nine feet by 18 feet, except handicapped spaces which shall be as set forth in (b)(3) below.
(3) Handicapped parking spaces. The specifications for handicapped parking spaces shall meet the standards of the Americans With Disabilities Act, as amended, and are set forth below:
If parking spaces are provided for self-parking by employees or visitors, or both, then handicapped accessible spaces shall be provided as indicated in the table below. Spaces required by the table need not be provided in the particular lot. They may be provided in a different location if equivalent or greater accessibility, in terms of distance from an accessible entrance, and convenience are ensured.
Total Spaces in Lot | Required Minimum Number of Handicapped Spaces |
Total Spaces in Lot | Required Minimum Number of Handicapped Spaces |
1 to 25 | 1 |
26 to 50 | 2 |
51 to 75 | 3 |
76 to 100 | 4 |
101 to 150 | 5 |
151 to 200 | 6 |
201 to 300 | 7 |
301 to 400 | 8 |
401 to 500 | 9 |
501 to 1000 | 2% of total |
1001 and over | 20 plus 1 for each 100 over 1,000 |
Handicapped parking spaces shall be a minimum of eight feet by 18 feet.
Access aisles adjacent to handicapped spaces, except access aisles adjacent to van accessible handicapped spaces, shall have a minimum width of five feet. One in every eight handicapped spaces, but not less than one, shall be served by an access aisle not less than eight feet wide and shall be designated "van accessible." Access aisles may be shared by adjacent handicapped parking spaces.
(4) Channelized automobile storage. Channelization designs for parking structures are exempt from these standards. All other parking lot entrances from public rights-of-way shall provide channelized automobile storage space as follows:
Parking Lot Size in Spaces | Channelized Storage |
less than 50 | 20 ft. |
50 to 250 | 45 ft. |
more than 250 | 90 ft. |
Figure 11-4
(5) Parking surface treatment. The material for surface parking spaces and corresponding access drives required by this section shall consist of suitable paving material which will prevent the exposure of subsoil. Suitable paving material for required parking areas includes, but is not limited to asphalt, porous asphalt, concrete, compacted stone (road bond), gravel, and aggregates such as bituminous surface treatment (BST) and "chip and seal".
Porous paving blocks and pervious paving materials are permitted and encouraged as material for parking lots. The use of grass as a parking lot surface is permitted for overflow and intermittent parking. Pervious paving systems are required for parking spaces which exceed the maximum number of spaces required by subsection 7-11-2(c). The use of grass or other vegetation as a parking surface is permitted only for parking spaces which are provided in excess of the maximum number of parking spaces required by subsection 7-11-2(c) or used for intermittent or overflow parking. Parking lots associated with arenas, sporting facilities, amphitheaters, fairgrounds, and religious institutions may, however, use grass or other vegetation for the entire parking lot.
Additional requirements are as follows:
a. Parking lots utilizing road bond, gravel or other vegetative surfacing are prohibited within the Central Business District, unless otherwise allowed under Article XIV.
b. Parking lots utilizing road bond or gravel shall provide such material with a minimum thickness of at least four inches and must be maintained in a stable condition.
c. Parking lots utilizing road bond or gravel shall be designed and constructed such that siltation resulting from stormwater run-off does not enter adjacent properties or public rights-of-way. The lots must be designed so as to prevent loose stone, aggregate or other materials from leaving the lot.
d. All driveway aprons, which are defined as that portion of the parking lot entrance which abuts the street, shall consist of concrete, asphalt, or bituminous surface treatment for a length of at least ten lineal feet starting at the street and extending into the driveway. Subsection 7-11-2(g) sets forth specific driveway entrance requirements.
e. The individual parking spaces shall be delineated in all parking lots, except lots utilizing road bond, gravel, grass or other vegetative surfacing.
f. All handicapped parking spaces and corresponding access paths to the building entrance shall consist of concrete, asphalt or bituminous surface treatment.
g. All driveways with an average grade exceeding five percent shall consist of concrete, asphalt or bituminous surface treatment.
h. Parking spaces serving one, two, three and four family dwellings are exempt from the requirements of this subsection.
i. All driveways and parking lots shall be of sufficient strength and thickness to safely support fire emergency vehicles.
(6) Use of public rights-of way for access and maneuvering. No access to individual off-street parking spaces shall be allowed directly from public rights-of-way. Public rights-of-way shall not be used for maneuvering in the process of entering or leaving individual off-street parking spaces. Public rights-of- way may be used for maneuvering by delivery vehicles entering or leaving off-street loading berths as set forth in subsection 7-11-2
(c), but those berths shall be designed so that no public rights-of-way are blocked by parked delivery vehicles.
(7) Parking lot landscaping requirements are described in section 7-11-3 of this chapter.
(8) Parking lot sign requirements are described in article XIII of this chapter.
(c) Off-street parking requirements.
(1) Number of spaces required. The requirements for off-street parking are set forth in the table below. For uses not covered in this table, the appropriate number of maximum and minimum parking spaces based upon the most recent Parking Generation edition of the Institute of Transportation Engineers. Refer to subsection 7-11-2
(d) below for specific requirements related to off-street loading. The square footage requirements below refer to gross floor area of the building, existing or proposed. Please see subsection 7-11-2
(b)(3) for handicapped accessible parking space requirements, subsection 7-11-2
(c)(3) for bicycle parking space requirements, and subsection 7-11-2
(f) for on-street parking allowances.
Type of Land Use | One Parking Space Required for Each: | |
Minimum | Maximum | |
Type of Land Use | One Parking Space Required for Each: | |
Minimum | Maximum | |
Residential | ||
Boardinghouses | 1 per 2 boarding rooms, plus 1 per resident manager | 1 per boarding room, plus 1 per resident manager |
Dwellings, multi-family with 2 bedrooms or less | 1 per unit | 2 per unit |
Dwellings, multi-family with 3 bedrooms or more | 2 per unit | 3 per unit |
Dwellings, multi-family elderly or disabled | 1 per unit | 2 per unit |
Dwellings, single-family with 2 bedrooms or less | 1 per unit | 2 per unit |
Dwellings, single-family with 3 bedrooms or more | 2 per unit | 3 per unit |
Dwellings, subsidized low-income | 1 per unit | 2 per unit |
Public Facilities and Institutions | ||
Assisted living facilities | 1 per 2 employees, plus 1 per 2 units | 1 per employee, plus 1 per 2 units |
Adult care facilities | 1 per 2 employees, plus 1 per 6 adults | 1 per employee, plus 1 per 6 adults |
Child care facilities | 1 per 2 employees, plus 1 per 10 children | 1 per employee, plus 1 per 10 children |
Churches and wedding chapels | 1 per each 4 seats or each 40 sq. ft. of floor area available for movable seats or for each 200 sq. ft. of gross floor area | 1 per 3 seats or each 30 sq. ft. of floor area available for movable seats or for each 150 sq. ft. of gross floor area |
Civic, social service, cultural, and fraternal facilities | 1 per 350 sq. ft. | 1 per 250 sq. ft. |
Colleges and universities | 1 per 3 employees, plus one per 3 full-time students not residing on campus | 1 per employee, plus one per each full-time student not residing on campus |
Family care homes and group homes, children | 1 per 2 employees | 1 per employee |
Family care homes and group homes, adults | 1 per 2 employees, plus 1 per 2 residents | 1 per employee, plus 1 per 1 resident |
Museums and art galleries | 1 per 350 sq. ft., plus one per 2 employees on shift of greatest employment | 1 per 250 sq. ft., plus one per 2 employees on shift of greatest employment |
Medical facilities | 1 per 250 sq. ft. | 1 per 200 sq. ft. |
Schools, elementary and middle | 2 per classroom | 3 per classrooms |
Schools, high | 5 per classroom | 10 per classroom |
Shelters | 1 per 2 employees on shift of greatest employment | 1 per employee on shift of greatest employment |
Office, Business, and Industrial Uses | ||
Barber shops and salons | 2 per operator station, plus one per 2 employees on shift of greatest employment | 3 per operator station, plus one per 2 employees on shift of greatest employment |
Bed and breakfast homestays and inns | 1 per room, plus 1 space for the resident manager/owner and 1 per each employee | 2 per room, plus 2 spaces for the resident manager/owner and 1 per for each employee |
Car wash | 2 per wash bay, plus 2 stacking spaces per wash bay | 3 per wash bay, no stacking maximum |
Convenience stores with gas pumps | 1 per 350 sq. ft. (spaces at gas pumps are not recognized as parking spaces) | 1 per 200 sq. ft. (spaces at gas pumps are not recognized as parking spaces) |
Funeral establishments | 1 per 4 seats of largest public room, plus one per 2 employees on shift of greatest employment | 1 per 2 seats of largest public room, plus one per 2 employees on shift of greatest employment |
Health and fitness facilities | 1 per 200 sq. ft. | 1 per 100 sq. ft. |
Lodging | 1 per 2 bedrooms , plus additional spaces as required for other uses within the hotel/motel | 1 per 1 bedroom , plus additional spaces as required for other uses within the hotel/motel |
Live-work unit | 1 per residential unit plus 1 per each 350 sq. ft. of office/business space | 1 per residential unit plus 1 per each 250 sq. ft. of office/business space |
Manufacturing, assembly or finishing operations | 1 per 2 employees on shift of greatest employment | 1 per employee on shift of greatest employment |
Office | 1 per 350 sq. ft. | 1 per 250 sq. ft. |
Rental establishments | 1 per 350 sq. ft. | 1 per 250 sq. ft. |
Repair and service businesses providing on-site services | 1 per 300 sq. ft. | 1 per 200 sq. ft. |
Repair and service businesses providing off-site services | 2 employees | 1 per employee |
Restaurants, bars, night clubs (plus 11 spaces for stacking if drive- through service is proposed) | 1 per 3 seats, plus one space per 2 employees on shift of greatest employment | 1 per 2 seats, plus one space per 2 employees on shift of greatest employment |
Retail sales | 1 per 350 sq. ft. | 1 per 200 sq. ft. |
Self-service storage facility | 1.4 per 100 units plus 1 per 2 employees on shift | 2 per 100 units plus 1 per every employee on shift |
Servicing, packaging, and storage of commodities | 1 per 2 employees on shift of greatest employment | 1 per employee on shift of greatest employment |
Theaters, stadiums, arenas, and sports fields and courts | 1 per 4 seats or 1 per 6 feet of bench area | 1 per 3 seats or 1 per 4 feet of bench area |
Vehicle service stations and auto repair garages (spaces at gas pumps are not recognized as parking spaces) | 1 per service bay, plus one per 2 employees on shift of greatest employment | 3 per service bay, plus one space per 2 employees on shift of greatest employment |
Warehouses, wholesale, and distributive businesses | 1 per 2 employees on shift of greatest employment, plus one per 350 sq. ft. of area open to the public | 1 per employee on shift of greatest employment, plus one per 350 sq. ft. of area open to the public |
(2) Parking areas exceeding the maximum number of spaces. The number of parking spaces for a proposed use may exceed the maximum number of spaces permitted only if an approved pervious paving system is used. Parking areas exceeding the maximum number of spaces shall provide additional landscaping as required by subsection 7-11-3 of this chapter.
(3) Bicycle parking. Bicycle parking shall be provided for all uses except single family dwellings and duplex dwellings. The minimum number of bicycle parking spaces required shall be equal to five percent of the total number of automobile parking spaces in the lot. Bicycle parking facilities shall include standard bile racks and other secured, lockable facilities. Bike parking shall be located within 50 feet of a publicly-accessible entrance.
(4) Parking requirements for urban residential developments. Residential developments located within the area described below shall not be required to provide off-street parking if on-street parking is permitted on the street(s) on which the development is proposed and the developer investigates with the Asheville Transit Authority the provision of a transit stop to serve the development. The boundaries of the area shall be:
To the north, one mile from the Central Business District boundary;
To the south, one mile from the Central Business District boundary;
To the west, the French Broad River; and
To the east, the ridge of Town Mountain and the ridge of Beaucatcher Mountain.
This area shall be identified on a map kept in the office of the City of Asheville Planning and Development Department.
(5) Parking requirements for the River Parking Reduction Area. All properties located within the River Parking Reduction Area (see map: Planning and Development Department) will be eligible for reductions based on the following:
a. Projects with a base requirement of 30 spaces or less may receive a 50 percent reduction.
b. Projects with a base requirement of 31—50 spaces may receive a 30 percent reduction.
c. Projects with a base requirement of 51—75 spaces may receive a 20 percent reduction.
These reductions may not be combined with other reductions offered through individual zoning districts.
(d) Off-street loading requirements.
(1) An area shall be provided for loading and unloading delivery vehicles for all institutions, businesses, or industries of more than 5,000 square feet in gross floor area, except in the Central Business District.
(2) The minimum size of an off-street loading berth shall be 250 square feet plus any additional area needed for maneuvering delivery vehicles.
(3) The number of berths required is based on the gross floor area of the building and is as follows:
Gross Floor Area (Sq. Ft.) | Minimum Number of Berths |
5,000 - 24,999 | 1 |
25,000 - 49,999 | 2 |
50,000 - 74,999 | 3 |
75,000 and over | 4 plus 1 for each additional 50,000 sq. ft. |
(e) Shared and remote parking.
(1) Shared parking. The planning and development director shall approve the joint use of up to 100 percent of the required parking spaces for two or more uses located on the same parcel or adjacent parcels, provided that the developer can demonstrate that the uses will not overlap in hours of operation or in demand for the shared spaces.
Any sharing of required parking spaces by uses located on different parcels shall be guaranteed by a written agreement between the owner of the parking area and the owner of any use located on a different parcel and served by the parking area.
Should the uses change such that the new uses overlap in hours of operation or in demand for the shared spaces, the shared parking approval shall become void. Parking meeting the requirements of this chapter shall then be provided for each use.
(2) Remote parking. If the required number of parking spaces for any land use cannot be reasonably provided on the same lot on which the principal use is located, such parking space may be provided on any land within 500 feet walking distance of the property on which the principal use is located, provided that the zoning use regulations for the district in which the remote parking space is located permit the principal use which the parking spaces serve.
Any remote parking spaces located on a different parcel than the use for which the remote parking spaces serve shall be guaranteed by a written agreement between the owner of the remote parking area and the owner of the use located on a different parcel and served by the remote parking area. Change of ownership of either parcel shall require a renewal of the agreement.
(3) Shared and remote parking shall not be permitted for hotel uses.
(f) On-street parking. On-street parking spaces may be counted toward the fulfillment of the off-street parking requirements for a development, subject to the following standards. Any on-street parking space meeting these standards shall count as 0.75 of a required off-street parking space.
(1) The on-street parking spaces are newly constructed as part of a development. No existing on-street parking spaces may be counted except as permitted for a particular use district.
(2) There shall be a minimum of four contiguous on-street spaces constructed for the development.
(3) All counted spaces must comply with the City of Asheville Standard Specifications and Details Manual for on-street parking spaces.
(4) Parking spaces must be located not more than 500 feet from the proposed development. Parking spaces that are located more than 150 feet from the proposed development must be located within a zoning classification that permits the use served and must not be located adjacent to property that is not within a zoning classification that permits said use.
(5) Sidewalks must abut all counted on-street parking spaces in such a fashion as to allow direct pedestrian connectivity to the building or development served by the spaces. For the purpose of this section, parking spaces located directly across a street from a building or development may be counted, if a crosswalk (marked or unmarked) is provided for convenient pedestrian access.
(6) Street modifications (including curbs, sidewalks, paving and marking locations) associated with any counted on-street parking shall be reviewed by the city public works and transportation departments for compliance with the City of Asheville Standard Specifications and Details Manual. Parking shall not restrict existing access to abutting parcels.
(7) Any on-street spaces created in accordance with this provision shall be public parking spaces and not for the exclusive use of the development. Full access easements or rights-of-way incorporating the parking and the abutting sidewalks shall be conveyed to the city.
Approved on-street parking spaces shall not be considered to violate the provisions of this chapter restricting parking within setbacks or those provisions of this chapter requiring that parking be provided at the side or rear of a development and that it be no closer to the street than the edge of the structure.
(g) Access point requirements (Driveways). The following standards shall be met when designing vehicular access points from public streets to individual properties:
(1) Width of access points. The width of access points shall be measured parallel to the street at the point beyond the driveway apron radius, according to the following:
a. For single-family structures and duplexes, the following standards shall apply:
Minimum width within the front setback: 9 feet
Maximum width within the front setback: 18 feet
b. For multifamily residential structures located within 150 feet of a publicly-maintained road, the following standards shall be applied:
Minimum width within the front setback: 9 feet
Maximum width within the front setback: 36 feet
c. For multifamily residential structures located beyond 150 feet of a publicly-maintained road and for commercial property, the following standards shall be applied:
Minimum width within the front setback: 20 feet
Maximum width within the front setback: 36 feet
Figure 11-5
(2) Distance from street intersections.
a. Minimum distances between access points and street intersections shall be determined by the access triangle. No access points shall be permitted within the access triangle. The access triangle is that triangle formed by the intersecting undisturbed right-of-way lines ("A" and "B" in the graphic below) and a line connecting the ends of the undisturbed right-of-way lines.
Figure 11-6
b. The undisturbed right-of-way lines ("A" and "B" in the graphic above) extend from the intersection of the right-of-way lines and have a specific length as defined by the table below.
Street Type | Length of Undisturbed Right-of-way "A" | Length of Undisturbed Right-of-way "B" |
Residential Access | 25 feet | 25 feet |
Residential Subcollector | 50 feet | 50 feet |
Residential Collector | 75 feet | 75 feet |
Arterial | 100 feet | 100 feet |
c. Where the length of the required undisturbed right-of-way exceeds the street frontage of the lot, one access point shall be permitted along the property line furthest from the intersection.
(3) Distance from other access points. The distance measured along the right-of-way line between the tangent projection of the inside edges of adjacent access points shall be at least 25 feet.
Figure 11-7
(4) Distance from property line. Unless the access point will be shared between two or more adjoining properties, all access points shall be located at least five feet from all property lines perpendicular to the street. Shared access points are encouraged to reduce the amount of impervious surface area and to limit the number of access points along a street.
Figure 11-8
(h) Sight visibility triangles at street intersections.
(1) Sight visibility triangle required. In order to ensure visibility at intersections, sight visibility triangles shall be maintained at all intersections of public streets, private streets, and driveway access points.
(2) Public street intersections. At an intersection of two public streets with no traffic sign or other device, a sight visibility triangle is that triangle formed by the street right-of-way lines and a line connecting them at points 50 feet from the intersection of the street right-of-way lines.
(3) All other intersections. At all other types of intersections, a sight triangle is defined as that triangle formed by a ten-foot side measured along the right-of-way of the minor approach from the right-of- way of the major approach, and a 50-foot side measured along the right-of-way of the major approach from the right-of-way of the minor approach.
a. For intersections formed by two public streets with a traffic control sign or other device, the minor approach is the street which must stop or yield.
Figure 11-9
b. For intersections formed by a public street and a private street or driveway, the public street is the major approach.
c. For a private street or driveway, the short side of the sight visibility triangle shall be measured along the edge of the private street or driveway.
Figure 11-10
d. For a public or private street or driveway where the building displays a 0-foot setback, the long side of the triangle shall be measured along the face of curb, with additional measures to be applied if deemed necessary by the city's traffic engineer in accordance with sound engineering principals.
figure 11-11
(4) Sight visibility at state-maintained intersections. On roadways maintained by the North Carolina Department of Transportation, additional sight visibility triangle requirements may be applied by that department.
(5) Applicability and exemptions. Within the triangles identified above, and except as provided below, no structure, sign, plant, shrub, tree, berm, fence, wall, or other object of any kind or parking or storage of automobiles shall be installed, constructed, set out or maintained so as to obstruct cross-visibility at a level between three and ten feet above the level of the center of the street intersection. These restrictions shall not apply to:
a. Existing natural grades which, by reason of natural topography, rise three feet above the level of the center of the intersection;
b. Trees having limbs and foliage trimmed in such manner that no limbs or foliage extend into the area between three and ten feet above the level of the intersection;
c. Fire hydrants, public utility poles, street markers, governmental signs, and traffic control devices;
d. Any structure, sign, plant, shrub, tree, berm, wall, or fence located in the Central Business District;
e. Trees which are planted in order to meet the street tree requirement as set forth in subsection 7-11-3(f).
(i) Access onto residential streets by nonresidential uses
(1) Access onto residential streets limited. In order to preserve the residential character of streets that function primarily to provide direct access to residences, access onto these streets by nonresidential uses shall be limited. Those streets abutted primarily by residential uses and that provide direct access to these residences shall be considered to be a residential street. These standards shall not apply to those nonresidential uses permitted by right, subject to special requirements, or as conditional uses in residential zoning districts. Furthermore, these standards shall not apply to nonresidential uses located in nonresidential or mixed use zoning districts that are located on residential streets and have their only access from residential streets.
(2) Standards for access for nonresidential uses. Nonresidential uses located on corner lots, through lots, or other lots with frontage on more than one street shall have their access from those streets that are non-residentially zoned. Access onto residentially zoned streets or streets dominated by residential uses shall not be allowed.
(j) General requirements for access to streets for residential lots.
(1) General. All residential lots must abut a public street or an approved private street built to public street standards: Residential lots shall meet the minimum lot width requirements of the applicable zoning district where they abut a street, except for lots on a cul-de-sac or flag lots.
(2) Lots on a cul-de-sac. A lot on a cul-de-sac shall be a minimum of 25 feet at the front property line, and shall be 80 percent of the required lot width at the front setback line.
(3) Flag lots. A flag lot may be approved if it meets the following requirements:
a. A flag lot shall serve only single-family residential development and accessory buildings.
b. The minimum width of the flag lot at the street shall not be less than 20 feet.
c. Minimum width of the flagpole portion of the lot shall be 20 feet.
d. The flagpole portion of the lot shall not be used to calculate compliance with minimum lot area, width, and depth or to provide off-street parking.
e. Where public water is available, any occupied building on the flag lot must be within 500 feet of a fire hydrant, as specified in the Asheville Fire Prevention Code. This distance shall be measured along the street, then along the flagpole portion of the lot, and then in a straight line to the building location.
f. Where public sewer is available, occupied buildings on the flag lot shall have a gravity sewer service line, or the sewer requirement shall be noted on the preliminary plat.
g. Use of a shared driveway to serve a flag lot and an adjoining lot is permitted and encouraged.
h. Maximum length for the flagpole portion of the lot shall be 250 feet.
i. No more than one lot in a subdivision of less than eight lots shall be a flag lot. No more than two lots or ten percent of the total lots in the subdivision, whichever is greater, shall be flag lots in a subdivision of eight or more lots.
j. Maximum lot area for a flag lot, excluding the flag pole, may not exceed 12,000 square feet unless located in an RS-2 zoning district, where a flag lot may not exceed 24,000 square feet.
(k) General requirements for access to streets for non-residential lots. Except as set forth below, lots used for non-residential purposes must abut a public street or an approved private street built to public street standards. Lots or parcels used for non-residential purposes are not required to abut a public street if all of the following requirements are met.
(1) An easement or right-of-way with a minimum width of 30 feet connects the lot to a public street.
(2) The easement or right-of-way is recorded in the Office of the Register of Deeds for Buncombe County.
(3) A paved road with a minimum width of 20 feet (not including parking) provides access from the lot(s) or parcel(s) to a public street.
(4) The access road is located within the recorded easement or right-of-way.
(5) The access road shall be constructed to the standards established by the City of Asheville for commercial streets.
(6) A road maintenance agreement, which identifies the responsibilities for the maintenance of the access road and clearly states that the City of Asheville is not responsible for maintenance of the road, is prepared and recorded in the Office of the Register of Deeds for Buncombe County.
(7) Not more than five lots nor more than ten acres shall be served by the easement or right-of-way.
(Ord. No. 2369, § 1, 5-27-97; Ord. No. 2428, § 14, 11-11-97; Ord. No. 2823, § 1, 6-26-01; Ord. No. 3157, § 1(a)(7), 8- 24-04; Ord. No. 3209, § 1c, 1-25-05; Ord. No. 3223, § 1, 3-22-05; Ord. No. 3272, § 1(c), 7-26-05; Ord. No. 3367, § 1, 6-13-06; Ord. No. 3417, § 1(b), 11-28-06; Ord. No. 3466, § 1(e), 4-24-07; Ord. No. 3484, §§ 1(a)—(c), 6-12-07; Ord. No. 3700, § 1j, 2-10-09; Ord. No. 3712, § 1, 3-10-09; Ord. No. 3739, § 1a, 6-9-09; Ord. No. 3856, § 1c, 5-25-10; Ord. No. 3956, § 1a, 3-22-11; Ord. No. 4016, § 1, 9-13-11; Ord. No. 4608, § 1(o—s), 8-22-17; Ord. No. 4613, § 1(a), 9-12- 17; Ord. No. 4361, § 1z—dd, 3-23-21; Ord. No. 4920, § 1(e), 12-14-21)