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403.2.2 Transfer air.
Except where recirculation from such spaces is prohibited by Table 403.3.1.1, air transferred from occupiable spaces is not prohibited from serving as makeup air for required exhaust systems in such spaces as kitchens, baths, toilet rooms, elevators and smoking lounges. The amount of transfer air and exhaust air shall be sufficient to provide the flow rates as specified in Section 403.3.1.1. The required outdoor airflow rates specified in Table 403.3.1.1 shall be introduced directly into such spaces or into the occupied spaces from which air is transferred or a combination of both.
403.3 Outdoor air and local exhaust airflow rates.
Buildings that are not more than three stories in height above grade plane, and that (i) are within Occupancy Group R-2 or Occupancy Group R-3, (ii) are adult homes or enriched living housing as described in Section 308.3.1 of the New York City Building Code, within Occupancy Group I-1 and have 16 occupants or fewer, or (iii) are community residences or intermediate-care facilities as described in Section 308.3.2 of the New York City Building Code, shall be provided with outdoor air and local exhaust in accordance with Section 403.3.1.1.2. All other buildings intended to be occupied shall be provided with outdoor air and local exhaust in accordance with Sections 403.3.1.1 through 403.3.1.6.
403.3.1 Reserved.
403.3.1.1 Outdoor airflow rate.
Ventilation systems shall be designed to have the capacity to supply the minimum outdoor airflow rate determined in accordance with this section. In each occupiable space and, where required, each habitable space, the ventilation system shall be designed to deliver the required rate of outdoor airflow to the breathing zone. The occupant load utilized for design of the ventilation system shall be not less than the number determined from the estimated maximum occupant load rate indicated in Table 403.3.1.1. Ventilation rates for occupancies not represented in Table 403.3.1.1 shall be those for a listed occupancy classification that is most similar in terms of occupant density, activities and building construction; or shall be determined by an approved engineering analysis. The ventilation system shall be designed to supply the required rate of ventilation air continuously during the period the building is occupied, except as otherwise stated in other provisions of the code.
With the exception of non-tobacco hookah establishments, the ventilation rates in Table 403.3.1.1 are based on the absence of smoking in occupiable spaces. Where smoking is anticipated in a space other than a non-tobacco hookah establishment, the ventilation system serving the space shall be designed to provide ventilation over and above that required by Table 403.3.1.1 in accordance with accepted engineering practice.
Exceptions:
1. The occupant load is not required to be determined based on the estimated maximum occupant load rate indicated in Table 403.3.1.1 where approved statistical data documents the accuracy of an alternate anticipated occupant load.
2. The occupant load used in computing the required ventilation shall be the maximum number who will occupy the room or space simultaneously during any 2-hour period.
3. Dynamic reset (Demand Controlled Ventilation). The system may be designed to reset the design outdoor air intake airflow and/or space or zone airflow as operating conditions change. Dynamic reset shall be designed in accordance with ASHRAE 62.1 and comply with footnote k of Table 403.3.1.1. These conditions include, but are not limited to:
3.1. Variations in occupancy or ventilation airflow in one or more individual zones for which ventilation airflow requirements will be reset. Note: Examples of measures for estimating such variations include: occupancy scheduled by time of day, a direct count of occupants, or an estimate of occupancy or ventilation rate per person using occupancy sensors such as those based on indoor CO
2
concentrations.
3.2. Variations in the efficiency with which outdoor air is distributed to the occupants under different ventilation system airflows and temperatures.
3.3. A higher fraction of outdoor air in the air supply due to intake of additional outdoor air for free cooling or exhaust air makeup.
Occupancy Classification | Occupant Density #/1,000 ft2 a | People Outdoor Airflow Rate in Breathing Zone, Rp cfm/person | Area Outdoor Airflow Rate in Breathing Zone, Ra cfm/ft2 a | Exhaust Airflow Rate cfm/ft2 a |
Occupancy Classification | Occupant Density #/1,000 ft2 a | People Outdoor Airflow Rate in Breathing Zone, Rp cfm/person | Area Outdoor Airflow Rate in Breathing Zone, Ra cfm/ft2 a | Exhaust Airflow Rate cfm/ft2 a |
Correctional facilities | ||||
Booking/waiting | 50 | 7.5 | 0.06 | — |
Cells | ||||
without plumbing fixtures | 25 | 5 | 0.12 | — |
with plumbing fixtures
g | 25 | 5 | 0.12 | 1.0 |
Day room | 30 | 5 | 0.06 | — |
Dining halls (see food and beverage service) | — | — | — | — |
Guard stations | 15 | 5 | 0.06 | — |
Dry cleaners, laundries | ||||
Coin-operated dry cleaner | 20 | 15 | — | — |
Coin-operated laundries | 20 | 7.5 | 0.06 | — |
Commercial dry cleaner
l | 30 | 30 | — | — |
Commercial laundry | 10 | 25 | — | — |
Storage, pick up | 30 | 7.5 | 0.12 | — |
Education | ||||
Art classroom
g | 20 | 10 | 0.18 | 0.7 |
Auditoriums | 150 | 5 | 0.06 | — |
Classrooms (ages 5-8) | 25 | 10 | 0.12 | — |
Classrooms (age 9 plus) | 35 | 10 | 0.12 | — |
Computer lab | 25 | 10 | 0.12 | — |
Corridors (see public spaces) | — | — | — | — |
Day care (through age 4) | 25 | 10 | 0.18 | — |
Lecture classroom | 65 | 7.5 | 0.06 | — |
Lecture hall (fixed seats) | 150 | 7.5 | 0.06 | — |
Locker/dressing rooms
g | — | — | — | 0.25 |
Media center | 25 | 10 | 0.12 | — |
Multiuse assembly | 100 | 7.5 | 0.06 | — |
Music/theater/dance | 35 | 10 | 0.06 | — |
Science laboratories
g, k | 25 | 10 | 0.18 | 1.0 |
Sports locker rooms
g | — | — | — | 0.5 |
Wood/metal shops
g | 20 | 10 | 0.18 | 0.5 |
Food and beverage service | ||||
Bars, cocktail lounges | 100 | 7.5 | 0.18 | — |
Cafeteria, fast food | 100 | 7.5 | 0.18 | — |
Dining rooms | 70 | 7.5 | 0.18 | — |
Kitchens (cooking)
b | — | — | — | 0.7 |
Non-tobacco smoking establishments b | 70 | 60 | — | — |
Hotels, motels, resorts and dormitories | ||||
Bathrooms/toilet – private
g | — | — | — | 25/50
f |
Bedroom/living room | 10 | 5 | 0.06 | — |
Conference/meeting | 50 | 5 | 0.06 | — |
Dormitory sleeping areas | 20 | 5 | 0.06 | — |
Gambling casinos | 120 | 7.5 | 0.18 | — |
Lobbies / prefunction | 30 | 7.5 | 0.06 | — |
Multipurpose assembly | 120 | 5 | 0.06 | —
|
Laboratories j | ||||
Biological | — | — | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Chemical | — | — | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Industrial and nonteaching | — | — | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Nonproduction chemical labs | — | — | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Offices | ||||
Conference rooms | 50 | 5 | 0.06 | — |
Main entry lobbies | 10 | 5 | 0.06 | — |
Office spaces | 5 | 5 | 0.06 | — |
Reception areas | 30 | 5 | 0.06 | — |
Telephone/data entry | 60 | 5 | 0.06 | — |
Private dwellings, single and multiple | ||||
Garages, common for multiple units b | — | — | — | 0.75 |
Kitchens and Kitchenettes
b, m | — | — | — | 25/100
f |
Living areas
c, i | Based upon number of bedrooms. First bedroom, 2; each additional | 0.35 ACH but not less than 15 cfm/person | — | — |
Toilet rooms and bathrooms
g | — | — | — | 20/50
f |
Public spaces | ||||
Corridors | — | — | 0.06 | — |
Courtrooms | 70 | 5 | 0.06 | — |
Elevator car | — | — | — | 1.0 |
Legislative chambers | 50 | 5 | 0.06 | — |
Libraries | 10 | 5 | 0.12 | — |
Museums (children's) | 40 | 7.5 | 0.12 | — |
Museums/galleries | 40 | 7.5 | 0.06 | — |
Places of religious worship | 120 | 5 | 0.06 | — |
Shower room (per shower head) g | — | — | — | 50/20
f |
Toilet rooms – public
g | — | — | — | 50/70
e |
Retail stores, sales floors and showroom floors | ||||
Dressing rooms | — | — | — | 0.25 |
Mall common areas | 40 | 7.5 | 0.06 | — |
Sales | 15 | 7.5 | 0.12 | — |
Shipping and receiving | — | — | 0.12 | — |
Smoking lounges and non-tobacco smoking establishments b | 70 | 60 | — | — |
Storage rooms | — | — | 0.12 | — |
Warehouses (see storage) | — | — | — | — |
Specialty shops | ||||
Automotive motor-fuel dispensing stations b | — | — | — | 1.5 |
Barber | 25 | 7.5 | 0.06 | 0.5 |
Beauty salons (without nail salon services) b | 25 | 20 | 0.12 | 0.6 |
Embalming room
b | — | — | — | 2.0 |
Nail salons
b, h | 25 | 20 | 0.12 | 0.6 |
Pet shops (animal areas)
b | 10 | 7.5 | 0.18 | 0.9 |
Supermarkets | 8 | 7.5 | 0.06 | — |
Sports and amusement | ||||
Bowling alleys (seating areas) | 40 | 10 | 0.12 | — |
Disco/dance floors | 100 | 20 | 0.06 | — |
Game arcades | 20 | 7.5 | 0.18 | — |
Gym, stadium, arena (play area) | — | — | 0.30 | — |
Heath club/aerobics room | 40 | 20 | 0.06 | — |
Health club/weight room | 10 | 20 | 0.06 | — |
Ice arenas without combustion engines | — | — | 0.30 | 0.5 |
Spectator areas | 150 | 7.5 | 0.06 | — |
Swimming pools (pool and deck area) | — | — | 0.48 | — |
Storage | ||||
Repair garages, enclosed parking garages b,d | — | — | — | 0.75 |
Warehouses | — | — | 0.06 | — |
Theaters | ||||
Auditoriums (see education) | — | — | — | — |
Lobbies | 150 | 5 | 0.06 | — |
Stages, studios | 70 | 10 | 0.06 | — |
Ticket booths | 60 | 5 | 0.06 | — |
Transportation | ||||
Platforms | 100 | 7.5 | 0.06 | — |
Transportation waiting | 100 | 7.5 | 0.06 | — |
Workrooms | ||||
Bank vaults/safe deposit | 5 | 5 | 0.06 | — |
Computer (without printing) | 4 | 5 | 0.06 | — |
Copy, printing rooms | 4 | 5 | 0.06 | 0.5 |
Darkrooms | — | — | — | 1.0 |
Meat processing
c | 10 | 15 | — | — |
Pharmacy (prep. area) | 10 | 5 | 0.18 | — |
Photo studios | 10 | 5 | 0.12 | — |
For SI: 1 cubic foot per minute = 0.0004719 m
3
/s, 1 ton = 908 kg, 1 cubic foot per minute per square foot = 0.00508 m
3
/(s • m
2
), °C = ((°F) - 32) /1.8, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m
2
.
a. Based upon net occupiable floor area.
b. Mechanical exhaust required and the recirculation of air from such spaces is prohibited (see Section 403.2.1, Item 3).
c. Spaces unheated or maintained below 50°F are not covered by these requirements unless the occupancy is continuous.
d. Ventilation systems in enclosed parking garages shall comply with Section 404.
e. Rates are per water closet or urinal. The higher rate shall be provided where the exhaust system is designed to operate intermittently. The lower rate shall be permitted only where the exhaust system is designed to operate continuously while the space served by the toilet facilities is occupied.
f. Rates are per room unless otherwise indicated. The higher rate shall be provided where the exhaust system is designed to operate intermittently. The lower rate shall be permitted only where the exhaust system is designed to operate continuously while the dwelling unit or sleeping unit served by the toilet facility is occupied.
g. Mechanical exhaust is required and recirculation from such spaces is prohibited (see Section 403.2.1, Item 4).
h. For nail salons, each manicure and pedicure station shall be provided with a source capture system capable of exhausting not less than 50 cfm per station. Exhaust inlets shall be located in accordance with Section 502.20. Where one or more required source capture systems operate continuously during occupancy, the exhaust rate from such systems shall be permitted to be applied to the exhaust flow rate required by Table 403.3.1.1 for the nail salon.
i. For each dwelling unit within R-2 occupancies, outdoor ventilation air shall be provided by mechanical means when the sum of all exhaust air flow rates, whether continuous or intermittent, is designed to exceed 75 cfm. When provided, mechanical ventilation air flow rate shall be approximately equal to the exhaust air flow rate in accordance with Section 403.1 and shall not be less than that required by the air flow rates prescribed in Table 403.3.1.1. For such dwelling units, manually operated openable exterior wall openings shall not be used to provide required mechanical ventilation air.
j. During unoccupied hours the ventilation rate and exhaust rates may be reduced to 0.5 cfm/ft
2
.
k. When an educational science laboratory is occupied and hoods are not in use and hazardous materials are not present, then ventilation rates shall be consistent with actual use of the space, but not less than 0.5 cfm/ft
2
.
l. See Section 502.6 for additional requirements.
m. Exception: kitchens and kitchenettes in dwelling units of R-2 occupancy may be naturally ventilated in accordance with Section 402.
(Am. L.L. 2017/187, 10/16/2017, eff. 10/16/2020)
Editor's note: For related unconsolidated provisions, see Appendix A at L.L. 2017/187.
403.3.1.1.1 Zone outdoor airflow.
The minimum outdoor airflow required to be supplied to each zone shall be determined as a function of occupancy classification and space air distribution effectiveness in accordance with Sections 403.3.1.1.1.1 through 403.3.1.1.1.3.
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