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Division 1. General Provisions.
It is the purpose of this chapter to regulate adult businesses to promote the health, safety, and general welfare of the citizens of the city. The provisions of this chapter have neither the purpose nor effect of imposing a limitation or restriction on the content of any communicative materials, including sexually oriented materials. It is recognized that adult businesses have a serious deleterious effect upon adjacent areas, as well as the areas in which they are located. It is therefore the purpose of this chapter to establish standards for the conduct of adult businesses which will protect the public health, safety, and welfare, preserve locally recognized values of community appearance, minimize the potential for nuisances related to the operation of adult businesses, and maintain local property values.
In approving the licensing regulations contained in this chapter, the City Council has reviewed detailed studies, reports, and letters prepared by other jurisdictions and its own staff with respect to the detrimental social, health, and economic effects on persons and properties surrounding adult businesses. These studies included Upland, California (1992); Garden Grove, California (1991); Tucson, Arizona (1990); Seattle, Washington (1989); Austin, Texas (1986); Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (1986); Indianapolis, Indiana (1984); Houston, Texas (1983); Beaumont, Texas (1982); Minneapolis, Minnesota (1980); Phoenix, Arizona (1979); Whittier, California (1978); Amarillo, Texas (1977); Cleveland, Ohio (1977); Los Angeles, California (1977); State of Minnesota, Attorney General Report (1989); Newport News, Virginia (1996); St. Paul, Minnesota (1987); Corpus Christi, Texas (1995); and National Law Center (1995) (collectively "Studies"). The Studies, a summary of which is attached hereto as Exhibit "A,” substantiate the adverse, secondary effects of adult businesses.
(A) Based on the foregoing Studies and the other evidence presented, the City Council finds that:
(1) Adult businesses are linked to increases in the crime rates of those areas in which they are located and that surround them; and
(2) Both the proximity of adult businesses to sensitive land uses and the concentration of adult businesses tend to result in the blighting and downgrading of the areas in which they are located.
(3) Unregulated adult businesses create serious public health concerns and hazards since the Studies and cases demonstrate that such businesses have been linked to the spread of communicable and sexually-transmitted diseases.
(4) Special regulation of adult businesses is necessary to ensure that their adverse secondary effects will not contribute to an increase in the crime rates or the blighting or downgrading of the areas in which they are located or surrounding areas. The need for special regulation is based on the recognition that adult businesses have serious objectionable operational characteristics, particularly when several of them are concentrated under certain circumstances or located in direct proximity to sensitive uses such as residential zones and uses, parks, schools, churches or day care centers.
(5) It is the purpose and intent of these special regulations to prevent the establishment and operation of adult businesses in a manner that would create such adverse secondary effects. Thus, in order to protect and preserve the public health, safety, and welfare of the citizenry, especially minors, special regulations are necessary.
(6) The protection and preservation of the public health, safety, and welfare require that certain operational requirements for adult businesses also be imposed.
(B) In adopting these regulations, the City Council is mindful of legal principles relating to regulation of adult businesses and does not intend to suppress or infringe upon any expressive activities protected by the First Amendments of the United States and California Constitutions, but instead desires to enact reasonable time, place, and manner regulations that address the adverse secondary effects of adult businesses. The City Council has considered decisions of the United States Supreme Court regarding adverse secondary effects and the local regulation of adult businesses, including but not limited to: Young v. American Mini Theaters. Inc., 427 U.S. 50 (1976) (Reh. denied 429 U.S. 873); Renton v. Playtime Theaters, 475 U.S. 41 (1986) (Reh. denied 475 U.S. 1132); FW/PBS. Inc. v. Dallas, 493 U.S. 215 (1990); Barnes v. Glenn Theater, 501 U.S. 560 (1991), and City of Erie v. Paps A.M. (2000) 529 U.S. 277 (2000 Daily Journal DAR 3255), United States Court of Appeals 9th Circuit decisions including, but not limited to: Topanga Press, et al. v. City of Los Angeles, 989 F.2d 1524 (1993); Kev. Inc. v. Kitsap County, 793 F.2d 1053 (9th Cir. 1986); Colacurcio v. City of Kent, 163 F.3d 545 (9th Cir. 1998), pet. for cert. filed (1999); several California cases including, but not limited to: Tily B. v. City of Newport Beach, 69 Cal.App.4th 1 (1998); City of National City v. Wiener, 3 Cal.4th 832 (1993); People v. Superior Court (Lucero) 49 Cal.3d 14 (1989); and City of Vallejo v. Adult Books, et al., 167 Cal.App.3d 1169 (1985); and other federal cases including Lakeland Lounge v. City of Jacksonville (5th Cir. 1992) 973 F.2d 1255, Hang On, Inc. v. Arlington (5th Cir. 1995) 65 F.3d 1248, Mitchell v. Commission on Adult Entertainment (3rd Cir. 1993) 10 F.3d 123, International Eateries v. Broward County (11th Cir. 1991) 941 F.2d 1157, and Star Satellite v. City of Biloxi (5th Cir. 1986) 779 F.2d 1074.
(C) The City Council hereby adopts each of the regulations contained in this chapter as a means to reasonably address the adverse secondary effects of adult businesses. Notwithstanding any provision herein to the contrary, the requirements of this chapter shall not apply to any adult business operating legally in the city on the effective date of this ordinance, nor to any adult live entertainer or figure model to the extent that such person works or appears at any such adult business.
(Ord. 2708 § 1, 2004.)
Division 2. Adult Business Licenses for Operators.
As used in this chapter, the following words and phrases shall have the meaning set forth below:
(A) Adult Businesses. An "adult business":
(1) (a) Is any business, where employees or patrons expose specified anatomical areas or engage in specified sexual activities, or any business which offers to its patrons services or entertainment characterized by an emphasis on matter depicting, exposing, describing, discussing or relating to specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas. Adult businesses do not include bona fide medical establishments operated by properly licensed and registered medical personnel with appropriate medical credentials for the treatment of patients.
(b) In determining whether a use is an adult business, only conduct or activities which constitute a regular and substantial course of conduct or a use which has a majority of its floor area, stock-in-trade, or revenue derived from material characterized by an emphasis on matters depicting, exposing, describing, discussing or relating to specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas shall be considered. Isolated instances of conduct or activities described in this section as characterizing an adult business shall not be considered except where such activities, taken together, constitute a regular and substantial course of conduct;
(2) Shall include, but shall not be limited to, the following:
(a) Adult Arcade. An "adult arcade" means any place to which the public is permitted or invited wherein coin-operated or slug-operated, or electronically, electrically or mechanically controlled still or motion picture machines, projectors or other image-producing devices are maintained to show images to five or fewer persons per machine at any one time, and where the images so displayed are distinguished or characterized by the depicting or describing of specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas.
(b) Adult bookstore, novelty store, video/dvd store. "Adult bookstore, novelty store, video/dvd store," is an establishment which has as a substantial portion of its stock-in-trade, a majority of its floor area or revenue derived from and offering for sale for any form of consideration, any one or more of the following:
1. Books, magazines, periodicals or other printed matter, photographs, films, motion pictures, video cassettes, slides or other visual representations which are characterized by an emphasis upon the depiction or description of specified anatomical areas;
2. Instruments, devices or paraphernalia which are designed for use in connection with specified sexual activities; or
3. Goods which are replicas of or which simulate, specified anatomical areas, or goods which are designed to be placed on or in specified anatomical areas, or to be used in conjunction with specified sexual activities to cause sexual excitement.
A commercial establishment may have other principal business purposes that do not involve the offering for sale or rental of material depicting or describing specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas and still be categorized as an adult bookstore, adult novelty store or adult/video/dvd store. Such other business purposes will not serve to exempt such commercial establishments from being categorized as an adult bookstore, adult novelty store or adult/video/dvd store so long as one of its principal business purposes is the offering for sale or rental for consideration the specified materials which are characterized by the depiction or description of specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas.
(c) Adult Cabaret. An "adult cabaret" is a bar, nightclub or similar establishment which features dancers, strippers or similar entertainers who expose specified anatomical areas of their bodies.
(d) Adult Motel. An "adult motel" means a hotel, motel or similar commercial establishment which:
1. Offers accommodations to the public for any form of consideration; provides patrons with closed- circuit television transmissions, films, motion pictures, video cassettes, slides or other photographic reproductions which are characterized by the depiction or description of specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas and has a sign visible from the public right-of-way which advertises the availability of this adult type of photographic reproductions, videos or films, or
2. Offers a sleeping room for rent for a period of time that is less than ten hours, or
3. Allows a tenant or occupant of a sleeping room to subrent the room for a period of time that is less than ten hours.
(e) Adult Motion Picture Theater. An "adult motion picture theater" means a commercial establishment where, for any form of consideration, films, motion pictures, video cassettes, slides or similar photographic reproductions are regularly shown which are characterized by the depiction or description of specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas.
(f) Adult Tanning Salon. An "adult tanning salon" or "parlor" shall mean a business establishment where patrons receive tanning services in groups of two or more and where patrons or employees of the establishment expose specified anatomical areas. Adult tanning salon or parlor shall also include a business establishment where a patron and an employee of the establishment are nude or expose specified anatomical areas. An adult tanning salon or parlor shall also include a business establishment where the employees thereof are nude or expose specified anatomical areas.
(g) Adult Theater. An "adult theater" is any place, building, enclosure, theater, concert hall, auditorium or structure, partially or entirely used for live performances or presentations, which place, building, enclosure, theater, concert hall, auditorium or structure is used for presenting matter characterized by an emphasis on depicting, exposing, describing or relating to specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas, for observation by patrons therein. Such place shall also include an adult theater wherein persons are regularly featured appearing in a state of nudity, or which host on-going performances which are characterized by the exposure of specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas.
(h) Employee. "Employee" means a person who performs any service on the premises of an adult business on a full-time, part-time or contract basis, whether or not the person is denominated as an employee, independent contractor, agent or otherwise and whether or not said person is paid a salary, wage or other compensation by the operator of the adult business. Employee does not include a person exclusively on the premises to conduct repair or maintenance for the premises or equipment on the premises or for the delivery of goods to the premises.
(i) Nude Model Studio. A "nude model studio" means any place where a person who appears in a state of nudity or displays specified anatomical areas is provided to be conversed with or be observed, sketched, drawn, painted, sculptured, photographed or similarly depicted by other persons, for any form of consideration. Nude model studio shall not include any classroom of any school licensed under state law to provide art education, while such classroom is being used in a manner consistent with such state license.
(j) Sex Supermarket/Sex Mini-Mall. A "sex supermarket/sex mini-mall" means the establishment or operation of more than one type of adult business or use as defined in this title within the same building.
(k) Sexual Encounter Center. "Sexual encounter center" means a business or commercial enterprise that, as one of its primary business purposes, offers for any form of consideration:
1. Physical contact in the form of wrestling or tumbling between persons of the opposite sex, or
2. Activities between male and female persons and/or persons of the same sex when one or more of the persons is in a state of nudity or is semi-nude.
(l) Reserved.
(m) Sexually Oriented Business or Adult Business. A "sexually oriented business" or “adult business” is any business not otherwise defined or provided for herein where employees or patrons expose specified anatomical areas or engage in or simulate specified sexual activities, or any business which offers to its patrons services or entertainment characterized by an emphasis on matter depicting, exposing, describing, discussing or relating to specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas located, or proposed to be located, within the city.
(B) Appeal. Wherever the reference to an "appeal" being filed or available to be filed, such right of appeal shall also include the right to appeal administrative determinations made by the city manager/designee in accordance with the procedures established in this chapter.
(C) Person. "Person" means and includes person(s), firms, corporations, partnerships, associations or any other forms of business organization or group(s).
(D) Specified anatomical areas. "Specified anatomical areas" shall include any of the following human anatomical areas:
(1) Less than completely and opaquely covered genitals, pubic regions, buttocks, anuses or female breasts below a point immediately above the top of the areola; or
(2) Human male genitals in a discernibly turgid state, even if completely and opaquely covered.
(E) Specified sexual activities. "Specified sexual activities" includes all the following:
(1) The fondling or other erotic touching of the following human anatomical areas: genitals, pubic regions, buttocks, anuses or female breasts;
(2) Human sex acts, normal or perverted, actual or simulated, including intercourse, oral copulation or sodomy;
(3) Human masturbation, actual or simulated;
(4) The actual or simulated infliction of pain by one human upon another, or by an individual upon himself or herself, for the purpose of the sexual gratification or release of either individual, as a result of flagellation, beating, striking or touching of an erogenous zone, including without limitation, the thigh, genitals, buttock, pubic region, or, if such person is a female, a breast;
(5) Sexual intercourse, actual or simulated, between a human being and an animal; or
(6) Excretory functions as part of or in connection with any of the activities set forth in subsections (E)(1) through (5), above.
(F) Definitions. In addition to the terms defined above, the following words and phrases shall have the meaning as set forth below:
(1) Couch dance or couch dancing. The term "couch dance" or "couch dancing" means an employee of an adult business intentionally touching any patron while engaged in the display or exposure of any specified anatomical area or while simulating any specified sexual activity.
(2) Establishment. An "establishment" means and includes any of the following:
(a) The opening or commencement of any adult business as a new business;
(b) The conversion of an existing business, whether or not an adult business, to any adult business;
(c) The addition of any adult business to any other existing adult business or to another existing adult business, with or without expansion of floor area;
(d) The relocation of any adult business; or
(e) The expansion or enlargement of the premises by 10% or more of the existing floor area.
(3) Nudity or a state of nudity. "Nudity" or a "state of nudity" means the showing of the human male or female genitals, buttocks, pubic area, vulva, anus, anal cleft or the female breast with less than a fully opaque covering of any part of the areola.
(4) Private viewing area. "Private viewing area" means an area or areas in an adult business designed to accommodate no more than five or less patrons or customers for purposes of viewing or watching a performance, picture, show, film, videotape, slide, movie or other presentation. No private viewing areas shall be established, maintained or authorized, and there shall be no doors, curtains, stalls, or other enclosures creating a private viewing area.
(5) School. "School" means any public or private educational institution which is run by the state or a subdivision thereof or which is licensed by the state to offer pre-school, elementary or secondary academic instruction, including kindergartens, elementary schools, middle or junior high schools, and high schools. For purposes of this definition, Corona Pacific University shall also be considered a “school.”
(6) Semi-nude. "Semi-nude" means the showing of the male genitals or female breast below a horizontal line across the top of the areola at its highest point or the showing of a substantial portion of the male or female buttocks. This definition shall not include any portion of the cleavage of the human female breast, exhibited by a dress, blouse, skirt, leotard, bathing suit or other wearing apparel provided the areola is not exposed in whole or in part.
(7) Specified criminal act. A "specific criminal act" also means "specified criminal acts" and includes sexual crimes against children; sexual abuse; rape; or crimes connected with another adult business including, but not limited to, the distribution of obscenity; convictions involving the distribution, display or sale of material harmful to minors; prostitution; or pandering. Specified criminal acts excludes those acts which are authorized or required to be kept confidential pursuant to Welfare and Institutions Code Sections 600 to 900.
(8) Straddle dance or straddle dancing. The term "straddle dance" or "straddle dancing" shall have the same meaning as "couch dance" or "couch dancing" as defined in subsection (F)(1) of this section.
(Ord. 2708 § 1, 2004.)
(A) A person commits a misdemeanor, subject to punishment in accordance with § 1.08.025 of this code, if he or she operates an adult business within the city without obtaining all applicable adult business licenses and permits required by the city pursuant to this code.
(B) An application for a license must be made on a form provided by the city. The application shall, at a minimum, require the submittal of the following information:
(1) If the applicant is:
(a) an individual, the individual shall state his/her legal name and any aliases and submit proof of age;
(b) a partnership, the partnership shall state its complete name, and the names of all partners, whether the partnership is general or limited, and a copy of the partnership agreement, if any;
(c) a corporation, the corporation shall state its complete name, the date of its incorporation, evidence that the corporation is in good standing under the laws of its state of incorporation and the State of California, the names and capacity of all officers, directors and controlling stockholders, and the name of the registered corporate agent and the address of the registered office for service of process;
(2) If the applicant intends to operate the adult business under a name other than that of the applicant; he or she must state (a) the adult business’s fictitious name; and (b) submit the required registration documents.
(3) Whether the applicant, or any person with management responsibilities for the adult business, has been convicted of a specified criminal activity as defined in this chapter, and if so, the specified criminal activity involved, the date, place, and jurisdiction of each.
(4) Whether the applicant, or any person with management responsibilities for the adult business, has had a previous license under this chapter or other similar adult business ordinance or regulation from another city or county, denied, suspended or revoked, including the name and location of the adult business for which the license or permit was denied, suspended or revoked, as well as the date of the denial, suspension or revocation. In addition, whether the applicant or any person with management responsibilities for the adult business has been a partner in a partnership or an officer, director or principal stockholder of a corporation that is licensed under this chapter whose license or permit in another city or county has previously been denied, suspended or revoked, including the name and location of the adult business for which the permit was denied, suspended or revoked as well as the date of denial, suspension or revocation.
(5) Whether the applicant or any person with management responsibilities for the adult business holds any other licenses under this chapter or other similar adult business from another city or county and, if so, the names and locations of such other licensed businesses.
(6) The type of classification of the license for which the applicant is filing.
(7) The location of the proposed adult business, including a legal description of the property, street address, and telephone number(s), if any. In addition, the application must be accompanied by a sketch or diagram showing the configuration of the premises, including a statement of total floor space occupied by the business. The sketch or diagram need not be professionally prepared but must be drawn to a designated scale or drawn with marked dimensions of the interior of the premises. The application shall include at a minimum the street address of the principal place of business where business records are kept and any location current or proposed for the adult business in the city. Post office boxes or postal annex addresses shall not be sufficient to meet this requirement.
(8) A recent photograph of the applicant and all persons with management responsibilities for the adult business.
(9) The driver’s license numbers for the applicant and all persons with management responsibilities for the adult business.
(10) A set of fingerprints for the applicant and one set for each person with management responsibilities for the adult business.
(11) A signed and notarized authorization and waiver authorizing the chief of police, the Corona Police Department, or any law enforcement body or authorized law enforcement contractor to verify all of the information on the application.
(12) A statement in writing, signed and dated by the applicant, that he or she certifies under penalty of perjury that all information contained in the application is true and correct.
Notwithstanding the fact that an application filed hereunder may be a "public record" under Government Code Section 6250 et seq., certain portions of such application contain information vital to the effective administration and enforcement of the licensing and/or permit scheme established herein which information is personal, private, confidential or the disclosure of which could expose the applicant to a risk of harm. Such information includes, but is not limited to, the applicant's residence address and telephone number, the applicant's date of birth and/or age, the applicant's driver's license and/or Social Security Number, and/or personal financial data. The City Council in adopting the application and licensing and/or permit system set forth herein has determined in accordance with Government Code Section 6255 that the public interest in disclosure of the information set forth above is outweighed by the public interest in achieving compliance with this chapter by ensuring that the applicant's privacy, confidentiality or security interests are protected. The City Clerk shall cause to be obliterated from any copy of a license application made available to any member of the public, the information set forth above.
(C) An adult use planning permit application must also be concurrently filed with the license application. The license application shall contain the same information required of the adult use planning permit. The adult use planning permit application will be processed in accordance with the time limits of §§ 17.41.050, 17.41.060, and 17.41.080 of this code. Before a business regulated by this chapter may commence operation, the applicant must have been issued a valid adult use planning permit or interim adult use planning permit pursuant to Chapter 17.41 of this code.
(D) The applicant must be qualified according to the provisions of this chapter and the premises must be inspected and found to be in compliance with the law by the city and by the Corona Fire Department.
(E) Any person who wishes to operate an adult business must sign the application for the license as the applicant. If the applicant consists of multiple persons, a firm, corporation, partnership, association or other form of business ownership, then the president or other officer authorized by the incorporation documents or bylaws shall sign the application.
(F) The fact that a person possesses any other valid license issued by the city or the county does not exempt the person from the requirement of obtaining all licenses required by this code for an adult business. A person who operates an adult business and possesses any other city or county license shall comply with the requirements and provisions of this chapter and all city codes as well as the requirements and provisions of such other license.
(Ord. 2708 § 1, 2004.)
(A) Upon receipt of a license application, the city manager or designee shall determine whether it is complete and contains all information required by this section within two days of its receipt. If the application is incomplete, the city manager or designee shall deny the application and immediately inform the applicant in writing of the items needed to complete the application.
(B) The city manager, or designee thereof, shall issue or deny the issuance of a license to an applicant within ten days after receipt of a properly completed and executed application and the concurrently filed and completed application for an adult use planning permit--including an interim adult use planning permit--which shall be processed pursuant to §§ 17.41.050, 17.41.060, and 17.41.080 of this code. The city manager, or designee thereof, shall issue the license unless he/she finds one or more of the following to be true:
(1) An applicant is under 18 years of age;
(2) An applicant is overdue in payment to the city of fees owed by the applicant in relation to the adult business which is the subject of the application;
(3) An applicant has failed to completely fill out the application for the license or has provided materially false information on the application;
(4) The license fee required by this chapter has not been paid;
(5) The premises to be used for the adult business has not been approved by the city and the fire department, as being in compliance with applicable laws and ordinances, including the issuance of an adult use planning permit or interim adult use planning permit pursuant to §§ 17.41.050, 17.41.060, and 17.41.080 of this code;
(6) The applicant is operating the adult business without a license in violation of this code;
(7) That an applicant has been convicted of a specified criminal act for which:
(a) Less than two years have elapsed since the date of conviction or the date of release from confinement, whichever is the later date, if the conviction is of a misdemeanor offense for the specified criminal acts;
(b) Less than five years have elapsed since the date of conviction or the date of release from confinement, whichever is the later date, if the conviction is of a felony offense or two or more misdemeanor offenses for the specified criminal acts;
(8) The premises to be operated do not comply with the location, design, and performance standards contained in § 17.41.140 of this code.
The city's decision to grant or deny a license shall not be based upon information authorized or required to be kept confidential pursuant to Welfare and Institutions Code Sections 600-900.
(C) Within ten days of the receipt of a completed application in accordance with the requirements of this section, the city manager or designee thereof shall refer the application to the chief of police to investigate and verify the information contained in the application. The chief of police may refer the application to any law enforcement body or authorized law enforcement contractor to assist in this determination. In the event the information requested pursuant to this section of this code is not available within the ten-day period, the chief of police shall--if the application otherwise meets the requirements of this code--issue a status report on the issuance of the adult business license, whereupon, the city manager, or designee thereof, shall issue the same within ten days of the receipt of the application. Should the information obtained from the chief of police vary in a material degree from that set forth by the applicant in the application, such variance shall be cause to deny, suspend or revoke the license in accordance with this code. Any license issued prior to the city receiving the background information required by this section shall state clearly on its face that the license is subject to suspension or revocation pursuant to this code.
(D) The license shall state on its face the name of the person or persons to whom it is issued, the expiration date, and the address of the adult business. The license shall be posted in a conspicuous place at or near the entrance to the adult business so that it may be easily read at any time.
(E) The City Clerk shall send to the applicant or licensee, by certified mail, return receipt requested, written notice of the action to issue or deny the license within ten days of the receipt of the completed application by the city manager. The decision of the city manager, or designee thereof, to issue or deny issuance of the license shall be subject to appeal in accordance with the following procedures:
(1) The appeal shall be submitted to and received by the City Clerk within ten days of the date of such action for which the appeal is made. The appeal must be in writing on forms provided by the city, together with an appeal fee established by resolution of the City Council, which may be amended from time to time. All appeals shall set forth the reason for asserting the appeal.
(2) When a timely appeal is filed, the City Council shall hear the matter or appoint a hearing officer to conduct a hearing on the matter. The hearing officer may be such person or body designated by the City Council to perform all or a portion of their duties, or may be another official or body from another city or agency, or other person qualified to conduct a review of the matter. The hearing for an appeal shall take place within ten business day of the receipt of the appeal. All parties involved shall have the right to offer testimonial, documentary, and tangible evidence bearing on the issues, and may be represented by counsel. Any relevant evidence may be admitted that is the sort of evidence upon which reasonable persons are accustomed to rely in the conduct of serious affairs. Any hearing under this section may be continued for a reasonable time for the convenience of a party or a witness.
(3) The City Council or hearing officer shall render a written decision on the matter within five days of the close of the hearing on the appeal. In no event may the appeal hearing be continued for longer than thirty days, unless the applicant consents to a longer period of time.
(F) The decision of the City Council or hearing officer concerning the appeal of a denial of a permit shall be final. The applicant or permittee may seek prompt judicial review of such administrative action in a court of competent jurisdiction as provided by law, pursuant to California Code of Civil Procedure Section 1094.5 et seq. The city shall make all reasonable efforts to expedite judicial review in accordance with Code of Civil Procedure Section 1094.8.
(Ord. 2708 § 1, 2004.)
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