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The type of traffic calming measures that are used in a particular neighborhood or situation is determined through a public process as established in the policy. There are a variety of measures to be considered, including chicanes, diverters, speed tables, speed humps, and traffic circles. Specific measures will be designed for the circumstances in which they are used so there are no standards for these measures other than sound engineering practice except for the most common measure used in the City of Asheville, speed humps. “Standard Details 3.28: 22’ Collector Street Speed Table” and “3.29: 14’ Collector Street Speed Hump” illustrate speed table and hump design standards for two common collector street widths.
Barrier guards shall be located on any retaining wall that is more than 30 inches above grade. Guards for pedestrian protection shall be designed to resist a load of 50 psi applied in any direction at the top and to transfer this load through the supports to the structure. Guards for pedestrians shall form a protective barrier not less than 42 inches high. Horizontal intermediate rails or other construction shall not permit a sphere with a diameter of 21 inches to pass through any opening. This may be an integrated chain link fence or other fence or cabling type application. Vehicle barriers in addition to the pedestrian guards for parking lots shall be located on any retaining wall that is more than 30 inches above the floor or grade below. Vehicle barrier systems for passenger cars shall be designed to resist a single load of 6,000 pounds applied horizontally as per the latest North Carolina State Building Code. This may be a guard rail system or a combination of wheel stops, 18 – 24 inch barriers, or bollards. Vehicle barrier systems are not required when the parking spaces are 20 feet from the retaining wall or the spaces are parallel to the retaining wall. Pedestrian guards are required for any retaining wall meeting this section.
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, or CPTED (pronounced sep-ted), is a crime prevention philosophy based on the theory that proper design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in the fear and incidence of crime, as well as an improvement in the quality of life. The best time to apply this philosophy is in the design phase, before a building or neighborhood is built. It can also be successfully applied later, but retrofitting an existing environment can sometimes be costly. The use of CPTED will reduce crime and fear by reducing criminal opportunity and fostering positive social interaction among legitimate users of space. The emphasis is on crime prevention rather than apprehension and punishment.
6J.02a Natural Surveillance. A design concept directed primarily at keeping intruders easily observable. Promoted by features that maximize visibility of people, parking areas and building entrances: doors and windows that look out on to streets and parking areas; pedestrian-friendly sidewalks and streets; front porches; and adequate nighttime lighting.
6J.02b Territorial Reinforcement. Physical design can create or extend a sphere of influence. Users then develop a sense of territorial control while potential offenders, perceiving this control, are discouraged. Promoted by features that define property lines and distinguish private spaces from public spaces using landscape plantings, pavement designs, gateway treatments, and CPTED fences.
6J.02c Natural Access Control. A design concept directed primarily at decreasing crime opportunity by denying access to crime targets and creating in offenders a perception of risk. Natural access control is Gained by designing streets, sidewalks, building entrances, and neighborhood gateways to clearly indicate public routes and discouraging access to private areas with structural elements.
6J.02d Target Hardening. Accomplished by features that prohibit entry or access: window locks,
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