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3.2.2.   Incorporated by Reference
   A.   The Official Zoning Map, as amended, is hereby incorporated by reference herein and made part of this Ordinance.
   B.   The Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) prepared by FEMA and the associated Flood Insurance Study (FIS) are hereby incorporated by reference herein and made part of this Ordinance.
(Ord. 2020-36, passed 12-2-2019)
3.2.3.   Interpretation of Official Zoning Map Boundaries
The Planning Director shall be responsible for determination of boundaries on the Official Zoning Map in accordance with the standards in Section 2.2.12, Interpretation, and the following standards:
   A.   Boundaries shown as approximately following a utility line or a street, alley, railroad, or other public accessway shall be interpreted as following the centerline of the right- of-way or easement for the utility line or accessway.
   B.   If a street, alley, railroad, or utility easement forming the boundary between two separate zoning districts is abandoned or removed from dedication, the district boundaries shall be construed as following the centerline of the abandoned or vacated roadbed or utility easement.
   C.   Boundaries shown as approximately following a lot line shall be interpreted as following the lot line as it existed when the boundary was established. If a subsequent minor adjustment (such as from settlement of a boundary dispute or overlap) results in the lot line moving 10 feet or less, the zoning boundary shall be interpreted as moving with the lot line.
   D.   Boundaries shown as approximately following a river, stream, canal, lake, or other watercourse shall be interpreted as following the centerline of the watercourse as it actually exists, and as moving with that centerline to the extent the watercourse moves as a result of natural processes (flooding, erosion, sedimentation, etc.).
   E.   Boundaries shown parallel to or as extensions of features indicated in this subsection shall be interpreted as such.
   F.   Boundaries shown as following the boundary of the Town limits shall be interpreted as following the boundary of municipal incorporation.
   G.   Where the actual location of existing physical or natural features vary from that shown on the Official Zoning Map, or in other circumstances that are not covered by this subsection, the Planning Director shall have the authority to determine the district boundaries (see Section 2.2.12, Interpretation).
   H.   Wherever a single lot is located within two or more different zoning districts, each portion of the lot shall be subject to all the regulations applicable to the zoning district where it is located.
   I.   If the specific location of a depicted boundary cannot be determined from application of the above standards, it shall be determined by using the Official Zoning Map's scale to determine the boundary's distance from other features shown on the map.
   J.   Interpretations of the Flood Hazard Overlay (FHO) district boundary shall be made by the Floodplain Administrator, in accordance with the standards in Section 3.8.2, Flood Hazard Overlay (FHO) District.
   K.   In the case of FHO district boundaries, the FEMA work maps, if available, shall be used for scaling.
(Ord. 2020-36, passed 12-2-2019)
3.2.4. Changes to Official Zoning Map
   A.   Changes made in zoning district boundaries on the Official Zoning Map shall be considered an amendment to this Ordinance.
   B.   Changes to the Official Zoning Map approved by the Board of Commissioners shall be entered on the Official Zoning Map by the Planning Director promptly after the approval.
   C.   Where the ordinance enacting a zoning district boundary change contains wording explaining or clarifying the location of the new boundary, the Planning Director shall enter the boundary on the Official Zoning Map in accordance with the ordinance wording.
   D.   Upon entering the most recently-approved amendment on the Official Zoning Map, the Planning Director shall also change the date of the map to indicate the date of its latest revision.
(Ord. 2020-36, passed 12-2-2019)
3.3   GENERAL RESIDENTIAL ZONING DISTRICTS
3.3.1.   Summary Purpose and Intent Statements
The residential zoning districts are proposed to provide a comfortable, healthy, safe, and pleasant environment in which to live and recreate. More specifically, they are intended to:
   A.   Provide appropriately located lands for residential development that are consistent with the goals, objectives, and policies of the Town's adopted policy guidance;
   B.   Ensure adequate light, air, privacy, and open space areas for each dwelling, and protect residents from the negative effects of noise, excessive population density, traffic congestion, flooding, and other significant adverse environmental impacts;
   C.   Protect residential areas from fires, explosions, toxic fumes and substances, and other public safety hazards;
   D.   Provide for residential housing choice, affordability, and diversity with varying housing densities, types, and designs, including accessory dwelling units;
   E.   Provide for safe and efficient vehicular access and circulation and promote bicycle- and pedestrian-friendly neighborhoods;
   F.   Provide safe and efficient access to public transit facilities and alternative forms of transportation, like greenways;
   G.   Provide for public services and facilities needed to serve residential areas and accommodate public and low intensity neighborhood-serving nonresidential uses in the higher density residential districts while protecting residential areas from incompatible nonresidential development;
   H.   Create neighborhoods and preserve existing "small-town" community character while accommodating new development and redevelopment consistent with the Town's goals and objectives; and
   I.   Preserve the unique character and historic resources of the traditional neighborhoods and the community.
(Ord. 2020-36, passed 12-2-2019)
3.3.2.   Residential Watershed (R1) District
   A.   District Character. The Residential Watershed (R1) district is established in accordance with Section 143-214.5 of the North Carolina General Statutes for the purposes of protecting water quality within the Little River Water Supply Watershed. The R1 district has a rural character comprised of single-family detached dwellings at very low densities, farms, agricultural uses, and vacant lands generally located at the edges of the Town's planning jurisdiction. Residential densities are very low at one unit an acre or less, and impervious surfaces are limited in order to minimize stormwater runoff and degraded drinking water quality. Conservation subdivisions that result in large portions of land remaining undeveloped or under agricultural use are encouraged, provided they do not negatively impact the rural aesthetics of the district. Land uses or site features that degrade water quality such as improperly functioning on-site wastewater disposal systems, inadequate erosion control measures, or the deposition of waste are prohibited.
   B.   Example of Pattern.
   C.   Dimensional Standards.
Standard
Requirements [1]
Within Critical Areas
Within Balance Areas
Conservation Subdivision
Standard
Requirements [1]
Within Critical Areas
Within Balance Areas
Conservation Subdivision
Minimum Development Size (acres)
None
None
10
Maximum Residential Density (units/acre) [2]
0.5
1
As allowed within critical or balance areas
Minimum Lot Area (square feet)
80,000
40,000
6,500
Minimum Lot Width (linear feet)
70
70
70
Maximum Built-Upon Area (% of lot area)
6
12 [3] [4]
As allowed within critical or balance areas [3] [4]
Minimum Open Space Set- Aside (% of development size)
10
10
50 [5]
Minimum Street Setback (feet)
20
20
20
Minimum Side Setback (feet)
15
15
5
Minimum Rear Setback (feet)
25
25
5
Maximum Building Height (feet)
35
35
35
NOTES:
[1] Land area within the R1 district shall be classified as Critical Area or Balance Area in accordance with the Little River Water Supply Watershed regulations established by the North Carolina Environmental Management Commission.
[2] Maximum residential density may not be increased through compliance with residential design guidelines or incorporation of sustainable development features.
[3] Built-upon area may be configured so that a maximum of 10% of the development's total acreage is 70% built upon. Built-upon area shall include the total footprint of all proposed principal and accessory structures as a percentage of the total acreage of the tract being developed, excluding the footprint associated with lawfully established development in place prior to May 4, 2009.
[4] Development using the "10/70" option described in Note [2] shall include stormwater control measures to minimize concentrated stormwater flow and to minimize impact to receiving waters. Stormwater control measures shall be reviewed and approved by the Town and Wake County.
[5] Development using the "10/70" option described in Note [2] shall set aside all land not used for building lots or streets as open space. Nothing shall prohibit farming or the placement of potable water or septic facilities within open space set-aside areas.
   D.   Development Examples.
    
   E.   District-Specific Standards. The following standards shall apply to all lands within the Residential Watershed (R1) district:
      1.   Compliance with Little River Reservoir Water Supply Watershed Interlocal Agreement. Land within the R1 district shall comply with the provisions in the Little River Reservoir Water Supply Watershed Interlocal Agreement.
      2.   Exemption of Existing Development.
         a.   Lawfully established development in existence prior to May 4, 2009 shall be exempted from these standards, and shall not be included within calculations of built-upon area.
         b.   Additions to existing development exempted from these standards taking place after May 4, 2009 shall be subject to these provisions, and shall be included within calculations of built-upon area.
      3.   Zoning Map Amendment Prohibited.
         a.   Land located within the Little River Water Supply Watershed, as designated by the North Carolina Environmental Management Commission, shall not be rezoned to a different general zoning district designation.
         b.   Nothing shall limit the establishment of a Residential Watershed Conditional (R1-C) district, provided that all conditions place greater restrictions on proposed development then those applied to the general Residential Watershed (R1) district.
      4.   Prohibited Land Uses. The following uses shall be prohibited within the land area occupied by the R1 zoning district:
         a.   Sites for land application of residuals or petroleum-contaminated soils;
         b.   Landfills, incinerators, or waste processing facilities; or
         c.   Solid waste management facilities.
      5.   Watershed Buffer Required.
         a.   All development within the R1 district shall maintain a 50-foot- wide vegetated buffer along all sides of any perennial waters indicated on the most recent USGS 1:24,000 (7.5 minute) scale topographic maps, or in other Town-adopted studies.
         b.   Development shall be generally prohibited within watershed buffers, but street crossings and greenways trails may be permitted where no alternative exists. In cases where street crossings or greenway trails are located within the buffer, they shall direct stormwater runoff away from receiving waters and shall include stormwater control measures to minimize concentrated stormwater flow and minimize impacts to receiving waters.
      6.   Streets.
         a.   Streets shall be located outside of watershed critical areas and required watershed buffers, to the maximum extent practicable.
         b.   In cases where streets must be located within a watershed critical area or watershed buffer, streets shall be designed and constructed to direct stormwater runoff away from receiving waters and shall include stormwater control measures to minimize concentrated stormwater flow and minimize impacts to receiving waters.
      7.   Public Water and Sewer. Development within the R1 district shall not be served by public water or sanitary sewer systems.
      8.   Stormwater Control Measures. Development required to provide stormwater control measures shall ensure they are configured to divert stormwater runoff away from surface waters and incorporate best management practices to minimize water quality impacts.
      9.   Erosion and Sedimentation Control. Development disturbing more than one acre of land area shall be subject to an approved erosion and sedimentation control plan (see Section 6.9, Soil Erosion & Sedimentation).
      10.   Enforcement. Development that violates these standards shall be subject to the provisions in Article 8: Enforcement.
(Ord. 2020-36, passed 12-2-2019)
3.3.3.   Residential Suburban (R2) District
   A.   District Character. The Residential Suburban (R2) district has a suburban character typically comprised of single-family detached residential uses in somewhat peripheral locations of the Town's planning jurisdiction. Allowable residential densities are around two units an acre, but may be increased based on design quality or open space provision. Lot sizes are generally larger than in urban portions of the Town, and tend to be landscaped or include undisturbed vegetation. The establishment of small- lot/small-home developments like conservation subdivisions, bungalow courts, and pocket neighborhoods are encouraged when compatible with their surroundings. Most uses are not served by public potable water and sanitary wastewater services, though neighborhood-scale water and wastewater facilities may be present. Most buildings are low-rise in height, or between one and three stories tall. Off-street parking is common. Neighborhood-scale or low-intensity nonresidential and institutional uses like schools, religious institutions, parks, and minor utility uses are allowed, provided they do not detract from the quiet, residential character of the district.
   B.   Example Lot Pattern.
   C.   Dimensional Standards - Residential.
Traditional Format
Complies with Residential Design Guidelines
Conservation Subdivision
Bungalow Court/Pocket Neighborhood
Traditional Format
Complies with Residential Design Guidelines
Conservation Subdivision
Bungalow Court/Pocket Neighborhood
Single-Family Detached Development
Minimum Development Size (acres)
N/A
N/A
10
3 (max. size)
Maximum Residential Density (units/acre)
1.45
2
2
3
Minimum Lot Area (square feet)
30,000
21,780
6,000
6,000
Minimum Lot Width (linear feet)
150
150
30
30
Maximum Lot Coverage (% of lot area)
30
35
75
65
Minimum Street Setback (feet)
50; may be reduced to 35 measured to front edge of a covered porch
20
20; 0 from alley
Minimum Side Setback (feet)
15
15
5
5/side; 15 total
Minimum Rear Setback (feet)
25
25
5
15
Maximum Building Height (feet/stories)
35/3
35/3
35/3
35/3
Duplex Development
Maximum Residential Density (units/acre)
2
2.5
N/A
N/A
Minimum Lot Area (square feet)
21,780/unit
17,400/unit
Minimum Lot Width (linear feet)
150
150
Maximum Lot Coverage (% of lot area)
30
35
Minimum Street Setback (feet)
50; may be reduced to 35 measured to front edge of a covered porch
N/A
N/A
Minimum Side Setback (feet)
15
15
Minimum Rear Setback (feet)
25
25
Maximum Building Height (feet/stories)
35/3
35/3
Minimum Spacing Between Principal Buildings on the Same Lot (feet)
15
15
 
   D.   Dimensional Standards - Non-Residential.
Minimum Lot Area (square feet)
20,000
Minimum Lot Width (linear feet)
100
Maximum Lot Coverage (% of lot area)
45
Minimum Street Setback (feet)
50
Minimum Side Setback (feet)
15
Minimum Rear Setback (feet)
25
Maximum Building Height (feet)
35/2
Minimum Spacing Between Principal Buildings on the Same Lot (feet)
15
 
   E.   Development Examples.
    
   F.   District-specific Standards. - placeholder -
(Ord. 2020-36, passed 12-2-2019)
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