(a) Testing. The owner or developer shall have all pipe inspected and tested by an independent testing laboratory at the point of manufacture. Prior to construction such owner or developer shall furnish to the City a copy of such report. No uninspected or rejected pipe shall be delivered to the job site.
(b) Quality of Pipe. All vitrified pipe shall be of the best quality, salt-glazed, vitrified stoneware, of the hub and spigot pattern, and of sizes and dimensions shown or specified. Thorough vitrification through the body of the pipe and thorough salt-glazing on both the inside and the outside surfaces shall be required.
No old pipe that has been previously used shall be allowed in the work specified herein.
All vitrified pipe shall be produced by a recognized manufacturer who has been producing pipe as specified continuously for not less than five years.
(c) Dimensions of Pipe. The sizes of vitrified pipe mentioned herein or shown on the drawings refer to nominal inside diameters. ASTM Designation C-700 pipe may be either full diameter or reduced diameter pipe, but all pipe furnished must be of the same dimensions. Straight pipe shall be furnished in minimum lengths of three feet.
No pipe shall be used which, designed to be straight, varies from a straight line more than three-eighths of an inch in a three-foot length.
(d) Pipe Strength and Loading. No pipe shall be loaded beyond the minimum crushing strength determined by the Three Edge Bearing Method and as tabulated for the various sizes in the respective Specifications, despite the fact that sand bedding shall be strictly required.
Applied trench loadings shall be as computed by the Marston formula and may be taken from the tables of "Loads on Vitrified Clay Pipe in Pounds per Lineal Foot Caused by Backfilling with Various Materials", pages 77 to 90, inclusive, of the Clay Pipe Engineering Manual, as published in 1962 by The Clay Sewer Pipe Association, Inc., Columbus 15, Ohio, but with due allowance for additional live loads or surcharge and for the weight of backfill material being used.
ASTM Designated C-700 pipe shall be used unless otherwise directed by the City Engineer.
(e) Laying. No pipe shall be laid until the trench has been properly excavated, as specified, below the bottom of the pipe and bottom brought back with No. 8 limestone properly compacted to grade and shaped to provide a firm but slightly yielding trough for embedding the pipe. The practice of tamping dirt under the end of pipe to bring it to grade shall not be tolerated. Any defects due to settlement shall be made good by the owner at his own expense. Bell holes shall be properly located and dug for each joint as small as possible but large enough to properly joint the pipe, and all pipe must have full bearing in the cradle for the full length of the pipe barrel.
Pipe shall be thoroughly cleaned before they are laid and kept clean until completed, with particular care that spigots and bells are free of all mud, clay, grease, oil or other foreign substances and that they are sound, undamaged and dry when joints are made. Before lowering into the trench, each pipe and fitting shall be checked for soundness. Pipe shall be carefully handled and lowered into the trench. No pipe shall be laid without the presence of the City Inspector.
All trenches shall be kept free of water when pipe laying is in progress and no water shall be allowed to rise to the bottom of the pipe until all joint material has received its initial set.
All pipes and specials shall be laid accurately to the required lines and grades and shall be uniformly supported along their entire length. Spigots shall be forced into sockets as far as possible. Special care shall be taken to insure that each length shall abut against the next in such manner that there shall be no shoulder or unevenness along the inside bottom half of the pipe and so that alignment and slope are correct. No pipe shall be brought into position until the preceding length has been thoroughly embedded and secured in place.
The upper end of all uncompleted pipe lines shall be provided with a temporary stopper carefully fitted so as to keep dirt and other substances from entering. This stopper shall be kept in the end of the pipe line at all times when laying is not in actual progress so as to keep the pipe free at all times of internal obstructions. When pipe or specials are left for future extension or for house connections the bell shall be closed by a clay or concrete stopper properly and securely cemented into place. The use of brick, wood or other substances shall not be accepted as stoppers.
Whenever a pipe requires cutting to fit the line or to bring it to the required location, the work shall be done in a satisfactory manner so as to leave a smooth end.
Where concrete cradle is called for or is ordered to be used, the pipe shall be laid on concrete saddles so constructed as to provide both vertical and lateral support. The concrete cradle shall be poured after the joints have been made, care being taken to prevent movement of the pipe.
The supporting of pipe on wooden blocks, planks, slabs, piers, loose brick, stones, concrete or other such supports shall not be permitted except as specified.
Pipes which enter or pass through concrete walls, manholes or other sections shall be properly trimmed and finished off, flush with walls, etc., and caulked and sealed or grouted into place to form a watertight, neatly finished surface and joint.
In case of pipe laying in rock, the bed shall be properly prepared. The sides and bottom of the pipe shall be supported by compacting sand into place so as to insure an even bearing of the pipe but so as not to disturb the pipe joint or to throw the pipe out of alignment. Particular care shall be taken that no part of the pipe rests upon or against rock.
After the pipe has been properly embedded and joints made, sand shall be carefully tamped under each side and to the spring line between the wall of the excavation and the pipe, after which selected material shall be placed and compacted to two feet over the top of the pipe before further backfilling is done.
Care shall be taken to secure watertightness and to prevent damage to or disturbing of the joints during backfilling or at any other time after the pipes have been laid and the joints have been made.
There shall be no walking on or working over pipe except as may be necessary in tamping until there is a covering of at least two feet in depth of compacted backfill over the top of the pipe.
Sewer pipe, except as herein modified, shall be laid in accordance with the latest "Recommended Practice for Laying Sewer Pipe" of the American Society for Testing Materials, Serial Designation C12, and such provision shall apply as though herein repeated. Laying of vitrified pipe shall be further guided by the recommendations of The Clay Sewer Pipe Association, as embodied in their bulletin entitled "Clay Pipe Engineering Manual", published in 1962.
(f) Vitrified Pipe Joints. Vitrified pipe joints shall be premium joints of either a neoprene gasket type or a preformed plastic collar or O-ring type, as specified below, all meeting Standard Specifications C-425. Portland cement, bituminous or asphalt joints shall not be acceptable for vitrified pipe joints under this regulation. The owner shall submit for the approval of the City samples, specifications and manufacturer's recommendations for making the joint he proposes to use and no joint shall be made until approval has been given by the City.
The type of joint used must be the product of a reputable manufacturer whose product has a history of satisfactory results in minimizing infiltration, preventing the entry of roots and in resistance to disintegration, cracking or breaking. The manufacturer's recommendations shall be followed implicitly in preparing the pipe and making the joints.
(g) Plastic Collar or O-Ring Type Joint. The plastic collar joint for use in this contract shall be made with a factory applied, tapered collar on bell and spigot of the pipe or a collar on the spigot end of the pipe with an annular space designed to provide predictable dimensions for an O-ring when it is compressed, made in steel molds of a polyvinyl chloride plasticized resin. The formulation of the material shall be such as to produce a permanently elastic collar, placed in compression when the pipes are joined, capable of remaining sealed with normal pipe deflections and permanently resistant to acids and alkalis normally found in sewage. Casting of the collars shall be such as to insure concentric rings and proper alignment of adjoining pipes when jointed. Any evidence of excessive heat having been used in setting the plastic collars, resulting in hardness or brittleness of the surface, shall be cause for rejection of that pipe.
When the pipes are ready for jointing, the collars of bell and spigot and O-ring, if used, shall be scrupulously cleaned of all dirt or foreign material, coated with the manufacturer's approved lubricant and the pipes shoved home. Great care shall be exercised after laying to prevent deflection or separation of the joint just made; all joints shall be made in the trench; only one joint shall be made at a time.
The O-ring gaskets, if used, shall be manufactured of natural rubber, neoprene PVC or other approved elastomeric material. The collars and gasket shall be manufactured in accordance with Specifications C-425.
Pipe shall be carefully transported, stored and handled to prevent damage to the joint collars, and any damaged or loose collars shall be cause for rejection of the pipe.
When the joint is completed, the sewer shall have a smooth, unobstructed invert, and pipe shall be true to grade and alignment. Any misshapen pipe, the invert of which protrudes above the invert of the adjacent pipe, shall be removed and replaced.
The plastic collar or O-ring type joint to be used shall be equal in all respects to the Amvit Joint as manufactured by the American Vitrified Products Company, or the Wedge-Lock or Wedge-Lock Type "O" Joint as manufactured by the Robinson Clay Products Company.
(h) Neoprene Gasket Joint. As an alternate to the plastic collar joint specified above, a neoprene gasket joint may be used. The neoprene gasket shall be of the multi-ring seal compression type, equal in all respects to the Tylox Type "N" Joint as manufactured by the Hamilton Kent Manufacturing Company, especially designed for use with vitrified clay sewer pipe. The pipe to be used shall be selected for use with the joint and the outside diameter of the spigot ends shall not vary from the prescribed dimension by more than one-sixteenth of an inch at any point. If necessary to ensure concentricity and proper joint dimensions, the pipe spigots shall be furnished with collars of an approved type.
The neoprene gaskets shall be factory cemented in the pipe bells at the point of manufacture. Field application of the gaskets shall not be permitted, except in case of replacement of a damaged gasket or for special closure pieces. When field application is permitted, it shall be performed strictly in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer.
When pipe is ready for laying, the joint surfaces shall be scrupulously cleaned of all dirt and foreign material. The gasket shall then be swabbed with the lubricant approved for use by the gasket manufacturer and in accordance with his recommendations. The pipe shall immediately be shoved home, with care to ensure a tight seat and proper alignment. Great care shall be exercised after laying to prevent deflection or separation of the joint just made; all joints shall be made in the trench; only one joint shall be made at a time.
Pipe shall be carefully transported, stored and handled to prevent damage to the joint gasket, and any damaged or loose gaskets shall be cause for rejection of the pipe.
When the joint is completed the sewer shall have a smooth, unobstructed invert, and pipe shall be true to grade and alignment. Any misshapen or improperly jointed pipe, the invert of which protrudes above the invert of the adjacent pipe, shall be removed and replaced.
(i) Laying Pipe in Freezing Weather. No pipe shall be laid upon a foundation in which frost exists, nor at any time when the City deems that there is danger of the formation of ice or the penetration of frost at the bottom of the excavation.
(j) Line and Grade. Line and grade stakes shall be accurately set at either twenty-five or fifty-foot centers, but not to exceed fifty feet, and offset from the trench center line so as not to be disturbed during construction. Grade bars shall be set accurately level, from the line and grade stakes and notches or nails set for line. Not less than three adjacent grade bars shall be used when laying pipe and grade string shall be accurate and taut. The grade rod shall be substantially and accurately constructed and shall be frequently checked. The grade rod shall carry both vertical and horizontal levels.
(k) House Connections. In general and as called for on the drawings, as required or as ordered, provision shall be made in the sewers for house connections by inserting a tilted-up "Y" branch for each house connection with a six-inch branch, in the sewer at location shown, and properly stoppered and marked, for sewers to ten feet in depth. For sewers exceeding ten feet in depth, the owner shall insert a "T" branch with the branch vertical, and sufficient riser pipe topped by a "Y" branch, in such manner that the top of the "Y" branch shall be not less than seven feet below grade or at such elevation as to properly receive the house connection with full regard to elevation of house sewer and slope from house to the sewer, which shall be not less than one percent. When house services are so located that those on opposite sides of the street come to the same point in the sewer, the owner shall install a "T" with an eight-inch vertical branch, provide an eight-inch riser and an eight-inch double branch "Y" with six-inch branches unless otherwise called for. Risers are to be encased in concrete.
The location of house connections is shown in a general way on the contract drawings, but the exact number and location shall be determined by the City at the time of construction of the sewer. The City may also increase the number of connections or delete some connections as the sewer is being built, or increase the size of connections when it deems such advisable. Concrete for encasement of risers and of supporting pipe shall be placed in a manner to preserve alignment and avoid disturbance of joints.
Each stub or riser for a future house connection shall be marked as to location by a two- inch by two-inch timber and placed with its top twelve inches below finished road on ground surface.
(l) Protection of Sewer. After the sewer is completed and trench backfilled, the owner shall maintain barricades and keep traffic off freshly backfilled trenches until the backfill has consolidated, but in no event shall traffic be permitted on backfill less than seventy-two hours after the trench has been properly backfilled and compacted.
(m) Inspection Before Acceptance. In addition to being inspected by the City during construction, each section of sewer between each pair of manholes shall be inspected as soon after completion as possible and again before final acceptance by the City. Such inspections shall be visual by looking through the sewer from manhole to manhole with the aid of reflected sunlight or by the use of powerful electric torch. The pipe shall be true to both line and grade, and shall show no leaks; hydraulics of the sewer shall be in no way impaired; there shall be no projections of connecting pipe into the sewer; sewer shall be free from cracks, broken bells and protruding joint materials, and shall contain no deposits of sand, dirt or other materials which will in any way reduce the full cross sectional area. All wall joints in manholes, junction chambers, pumping stations and elsewhere shall be tight. All finished work shall be neat in appearance and of first class workmanship, and all details shall conform to contract, detail, shop or working drawings from which no deviation shall be permitted without written authority from the City. Proper stoppers and bulkheads must be in place where required.
If, as the result of any inspection before final acceptance of the work, it is found that any section of any sewer has unduly settled, that joints have opened up or when the jointing material has come loose and projects into the sewer or if pipes or bells are found cracked, broken or misshaped beyond accepted standards, or if any other defects are found in the sewers or in any of their appurtenances which might impair the satisfactory performance of the sewer or which show nonconformance with the drawings or specifications, the owner shall cause such defective or inferior work to be promptly removed and replaced or satisfactorily repaired by proper material and workmanship without extra compensation for the labor, equipment and materials required.
(n) Test for Exfiltration or Leakage. As sewers are completed and prior to the final acceptance of the work, sewers inclusive of appurtenances shall be tested for exfiltration or leakage. At least one test shall be made but the section to be tested and the manner of test shall be determined by the City.
Each test shall be conducted on a section of sewer between two successive manholes as selected by the City. Should any test show exfiltration or leakage in excess of that specified herein, the City Manager may require additional tests until satisfactory results are proved and prior to the institution of any corrective measures, at no cost to the City.
The test procedure shall consist of bulkheading off the manholes at each end of the test section, then filling the sewer with clean water to a depth of two feet over the inside top of the sewer pipe measured at the upper manhole or to two feet above the ground water line, whichever is the higher. The water level shall be maintained for not less than four hours by adding accurately measured amounts of water and the exfiltration or leakage shall be determined from the amount of water required to be added. No test shall be conducted without the presence of an inspector. Tests shall be made only on a sewer which is sufficiently backfilled or safeguarded otherwise against floatation. Measurements appropriate to test shall be made by the City. Test procedure may be altered by the City if such changes might be desirable in order to assure reliable and accurate data.
The owner shall furnish all labor and material required for making the tests, inclusive of bulkheads, hose lines and inclusive as well of water from the fire hydrants, where such are available, otherwise by such means as may be available, all at the owner's expense.
The maximum exfiltration and/or leakage permitted under test shall be at the rate of 300 gallons per inch internal diameter of sewer per mile of sewer line per twenty-four hours and, inclusive of all appurtenances within the section such as manholes, etc., but the length of sewer used in the computation shall be the horizontal distance between manhole center lines of the section being tested.
If the specified rate of exfiltration or leakage is exceeded on test, the owner shall locate the points of excessive leakage and he shall institute appropriate measures of correction, whereupon the length of sewer shall be retested and this procedure continued until test requirements are met. Should any test sections show leakage or excessive exfiltration, the City Manager may order other sections of the same sewer tested at the owner's expense, in order to determine that all of the sewer will meet the limitations set. Such tests required because of excessive exfiltration or leakage shall be in addition to the number called for in the first paragraph of this section.
Following completion of tests in any section of sewer the owner shall remove all bulkheads, weirs and any other obstructions, and he shall free the sewer of water.
(Ord. 1966-44. Passed 9-26-66.)