(A) Intent. The purpose of these parking standards is to reduce street congestion, ensure proper vehicular and pedestrian circulation, and therefore improve public safety by identifying the appropriate number and location of off-street parking spaces for each zoning district.
(B) General parking standards applicable to all zoning districts.
(1) General requirements. Parking spaces shall be located on the lot with the uses for which they are required. Exceptions are for off-site and shared parking. All parking spaces shall meet the following general requirements:
(a) Location. No off-street parking spaces may be fully or partially located in a public right-of-way, septic field, required landscape area, or buffer yard.
(b) Access. All required parking spaces must be designed to provide direct access for vehicles. In no case may areas which do not have direct access be considered a parking space meeting the requirements of this chapter (example: a residential driveway shall not be considered a parking space meeting the requirements of this section if a parked vehicle in the driveway prevents direct access to a required parking space in a garage or carport).
(c) Parking space dimensions. Parking space size shall be a minimum of 180 sq. ft. and dimensions shall conform with the Parking Space Requirements table below. In no instance shall the overhang of a vehicle be considered as part of the required parking space area.
(d) Interior drive aisle dimensions. Interior drive dimensions shall conform with the entrance and drive standards in § 156.071.
(2) Requirements for nonconforming uses and uses permitted by special exception or variance. Any use which is nonconforming in the zoning district in which it is located or is permitted by special exception or variance shall provide parking which is consistent with the use and the standards for the zoning district in which the use would be ordinarily permitted by this chapter. In no case shall the number of parking spaces required for non-conforming uses or those permitted by special exception or variance be solely based on the standards for the district in which they are located. The Board of Zoning Appeals shall specify the number of parking spaces for all uses permitted by special exception or variance consistent with the intent of this section. However, the BZA may grant variances consistent with the intent of this subchapter.
(3) Requirements for uses not specifically listed. The number of parking spaces required for uses that are not listed specifically shall be determined by the Planning Director based on the consistency of the use with those that are specified.
(4) Park use requirements. Off-street parking spaces for park and recreation uses and buildings located in any zoning district shall be provided consistent with the requirements for business uses provided by division (D) below.
(5) Vehicle storage requirements. The storage of all motor vehicles shall be consistent with the following requirements:
(a) Vehicle storage. Except as permitted in § 156.021, no vehicle, including recreational and commercial vehicles, shall be parked, stored, or allowed to remain on a lot or parcel of land that does not contain a primary structure.
(b) Stored vehicles to be salvaged/repaired. The outdoor storage of such vehicles associated with permitted auto repair or salvage facilities shall be consistent with the following requirements:
1. All such vehicles, including antique vehicles, shall be stored within the rear or side yard. In no case shall such vehicles be stored in any front yard, buffer yard, required landscape area, or required setback area.
2. All storage areas for such vehicles shall be completely enclosed with a six-foot tall, 100% opaque wood, stone, or masonry fence. Gates allowing access to the storage areas are permitted, shall be closed when not in use, and shall consist of six-foot tall, 100% opaque wooden doors.
3. NOTE: Stored Vehicles. In no instance should the provisions for stored vehicles be interpreted as enforcement of traffic code provisions for inoperable vehicles. These provisions are intended to ensure that auto repair and salvage facilities are operated consistent with the general welfare of the community.
(c) Recreational vehicle parking. The open parking of recreational vehicles shall be subject to the following standards unless waived or modified by the Board of Zoning Appeals as a special exception. These provisions shall apply only within residentially zoned major subdivisions that are associated with residential uses as the only primary use of the property.
1. For purposes of this section, open parking shall be construed as the unenclosed presence or storage of any recreational vehicle as defined in § 156.121.
2. Open parking of a recreational vehicle shall be subject to the following standards:
a. At no time shall a recreational vehicle be occupied or used for living, sleeping, or housekeeping purposes except for visitation as described in this section.
b. No portion of any required minimum front yard setback shall be used for the open parking of a recreational vehicle or parts thereof except for visitation purposes as described in this section.
c. The wheels or any similar transporting devices for a recreational vehicle shall not be removed except for repairs, nor shall such vehicle be otherwise permanently fixed to the ground in a manner that would prevent ready removal of the vehicle.
d. Not more than one recreational vehicle shall be permitted to be openly parked at any time. However, one additional recreational vehicle shall be permitted for visitation purposes not to exceed 30 days in any three-month period.
3. Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, a recreational vehicle may be parked anywhere on the premises for loading and unloading purposes for a period not to exceed seven days in any 14-day period.
(d) Commercial vehicle storage. The storage or parking of commercial vehicles in residential zoning districts and primarily residential planned unit developments is subject to the following requirements:
1. The parking of a commercial vehicle shall be limited to one standard sized vehicle including cars, SUVs, and pick-up trucks. The parking of automobile trailers is not permitted. As an exception, any commercial vehicle may be stored within an enclosed structure. Semi-tractor/trailer storage shall be prohibited except as permitted in § 156.02 et seq.
2. This regulation shall not be interpreted to apply to commercial vehicles used for conveying the necessary tools and materials to premises where labor, using such tools and materials, is to be performed during the time of parking such vehicles, or to commercial vehicles in the process of temporarily loading or unloading deliverable goods.
(C) Residential parking standards applicable to the agricultural, single-family residential, multi-family residential and manufactured home park zoning districts.
(1) General standards. In no instance shall any vehicles be stored or parked in any front yard or side yard or rear yard. Temporary parking of vehicles in driveways accessed from the street and passing through the yard are exempt from this requirement.
(2) Single-family dwellings. Parking spaces for single-family zoning districts shall be provided on the same lot as the dwelling unit for which they are required and shall meet the following standards:
(a) Spaces requirements. A minimum of two off-street spaces, either paved or of crushed stone, are required for each dwelling unit.
(b) Access/location requirements. Parking areas must be designed to prevent vehicles from having to back into or maneuver in any arterial or collector street.
(3) Village overlay dwellings. Parking spaces for dwellings shall be provided on the same lot as the dwelling unit for which they are required and shall meet the following standards:
(a) Space requirements. Off-street, paved parking spaces are required for each dwelling unit consistent with the average number of off-street spaces provided per dwelling unit in village overlay zoned lots within 500 feet of the subject lot. A maximum of two off-street parking spaces per dwelling unit shall be required.
(b) Access/location requirements. Parking areas must be designed to prevent vehicles from having to back into or maneuver in any arterial street.
(4) Manufactured home park dwellings. Parking spaces for dwellings in the Residential: Manufactured Home Park (RMH) zoning district shall be provided on the same site as the dwelling unit for which they are required and shall meet the following standards:
(a) Space requirements. A minimum of two off-street parking spaces are required for each dwelling unit. In addition, parking spaces for management offices, sales facilities, self-service laundries, and other accessory uses shall be equal to one-half of the requirements for those uses established by division (D) below.
(b) Access/location standards. Parking areas must be designed to prevent vehicles from having to back into or maneuver in public streets (excluding all alleys and any streets that are internal to the development).
(5) Multi-family dwellings. Parking spaces for dwellings in the Residential: Multi-Family (RM) zoning district shall meet the following standards:
(a) Space requirements. A minimum of 2.5 off-street parking spaces are required for each dwelling unit (rounded up to the nearest complete space). In addition, parking spaces for management offices, sales facilities, self-service laundries, and other accessory uses shall be equal to one-half of the requirements for those uses established by division (D) below.
1. Parking of the disabled. The required spaces shall include parking for the disabled meeting the requirements of division (D)(1)(e) below. The minimum number of disabled spaces provided shall either be as specified in the disabled space standards table or equal one space for every handicap-accessible dwelling unit, whichever is greater.
2. Driving surfaces. All parking areas, including parking spaces, interior drives, and ingress/egress into parking areas must be paved with asphalt, concrete, or other porous pavement materials that are approved by the Planning Director. All parking areas shall be clearly painted to show each parking space.
3. Drainage. Parking areas must be constructed to allow proper drainage, which shall be
4. Curbs. All parking areas shall generally be completely curbed. Curbing shall not be required if, in the opinion of the County Surveyor/Town Engineer, the drainage system for the property shall be best served if curbs were not present.
5. Lighting. Lighting for parking areas shall conform with the applicable exterior lighting standards of § 156.077.
6. Landscaping. Landscaping for parking areas shall conform with the applicable landscaping standards of § 156.075.
(b) Access/location standards. Parking areas must be designed to prevent vehicles from having to back into or maneuver in public streets (excluding all alleys and any streets that are internal to the development).
(D) Non-residential parking standards applicable to the commercial, institutional, and industrial zoning districts.
(1) General standards. Parking spaces shall be located on the lot with the use(s) for which they are required. All parking spaces and interior drives shall meet the following requirements.
(a) Driving surfaces. All parking areas, including parking spaces, interior drives, and ingress/egress into parking areas must be paved with asphalt, concrete, or porous pavement material that has been previously approved by the Planning Director to the nearest paved street. All parking areas shall be clearly marked to show each parking space.
(b) Drainage. Parking areas must allow proper drainage, and shall be subject to the review and approval of the County Surveyor/Town Engineer.
(c) Curbs. All parking areas for non-residential uses shall be completely curbed. Curbing shall not be required if, in the written opinion of the County Surveyor/Town Engineer, the drainage system for the property and surrounding environment shall be best served if curbs were not present.
(d) Minimum number of spaces. The minimum number of parking spaces required per property shall be determined by the sum of spaces required for each applicable use in the Non-Residential Required Parking Space Table at the end of this section.
(e) Parking for the disabled. Parking spaces reserved for disabled persons shall be provided in all parking areas consistent with the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities, Chapter 4.1.2 (5)(a) and all applicable revisions.
1. All required parking spaces for the disabled shall be those that are the closest to the main entrance of the primary structure.
2. Parking spaces for the disabled shall count toward the total number of spaces required by this chapter.
(2) Access/location requirements. All parking spaces shall be accessed and located consistent with the following standards:
(a) Access to public streets. Parking areas must be designed to prevent vehicles from having to back into or maneuver in public streets (access to alleys shall be exempt from this requirement).
(b) Maneuvering space. All parking spaces shall be provided with adequate maneuvering space into which vehicles can back for the purpose of exiting the parking space. For all multifamily and non-residential uses the following interior drive minimums shall be required:
1. Thirteen if one-way traffic and no parking or 45 degree parking;
2. Eighteen feet if one-way traffic and 60 or 90 degree parking;
3. Twenty-four feet if one-way traffic or accessing a loading berth.
(c) Off street parking in the front set back shall be prohibited.
(3) Offsite and shared parking. Under certain conditions, offsite and shared parking may be allowed on another lot that is within 500 feet of the lot occupied by the use(s) for which they are required.
(a) Off-site parking. Two or more uses may provide off-site parking collectively on one lot, however the total number of spaces shall not be less than the sum of the spaces required for each use (example: a group of business, industries, and/or apartments located on upper-floors over businesses may provide a common parking area). At least 80% of parking spaces shall be provided on site.
(b) Shared parking. Two or more uses for which the normal hours of operation do not substantially overlap may share parking either on or off-site (example: a church may share its parking lot with a business, or with apartments located on upper-floors of adjacent businesses). The Planning Director may grant a maximum 20% reduction in required parking.
(c) Approval requirements. All off-site and shared parking space arrangements are subject to the approval of the Planning Director. Approvals shall be based on the determination that the use of off-site and/or shared parking will not provide hardships for pedestrians, will not result in potentiality hazardous traffic conditions, and will provide an adequate number of parking spaces for the uses involved. The parking needs of possible future uses of the property shall also be considered by the Planning Director.
(d) Required documentation. A permanent documentation of any off-site and/or shared parking agreement must be signed by all involved property owners. The permanent written agreement shall include, but is not limited to the following items: maintenance, snow removal, ownership, and liability. The agreement shall be reviewed and approved by the Planning Director and the County Attorney. A copy of the agreement shall be retained for the files of the Plan Commission. Cross access easements shall be provided and recorded by each property owner to enable the sharing of parking facilities. Amendments to the agreement shall be subject to Planning Director approval and be duly recorded with the County Recorder.
(e) Bicycle parking. All non-residential uses shall provide one designated bicycle parking area for every 30 vehicle parking spaces required by this chapter, with a minimum area for two bicycle spaces. Each bicycle area shall provide adequate facilities for securing the parked bicycle.
Parking Space Requirements
| ||
Angle of Parking | Minimum Parking Space Size | |
Width | Length | |
Parking Space Requirements
| ||
Angle of Parking | Minimum Parking Space Size | |
Width | Length | |
Partial (Option 1) | 10 feet | 18 feet |
Parallel (Option 2) | 9 feet | 20 feet |
90 degree, 60 degree, and 45 degree | 10 feet | 20 feet |
Disabled | (refer to ADA guidelines) | |
Employees per shift: For each employee working on the largest shift (for multi- shift operations ample parking spaces to accommodate shift changes shall be provided) | 1 space | |
Business vehicles: For each vehicle stored on site | 1 space | |
Dwelling units: For each dwelling unit on site | 2 spaces | |
In Addition to ... | ||
Commercial Use | ||
Auto-oriented facility: For every 200 square feet in any car wash, repair or modification facility | 1 space | |
Dealerships: For each vehicle or mobile home on display at an auto/boat/RV/farm implement/manufactured home dealership (of an appropriate size, and to be used for the storage of each vehicle) | 1 space | |
Hotel/motel: For each sleeping unit in nay hotel, motel or bed and breakfast | 1 space | |
Retail stores (small size): For every 300 square feet in a personal service business, beauty or barber shop, or dry-cleaners | 1 space | |
Retail stores (large size): For every 400 square feet of gross floor area in all hardware, home improvement, furniture, and large appliance stores | 1 space | |
Retail stores (medium size): For every 300 square feet of gross floor area retail space in all convenience stores, gas stations, greenhouses, grocery stores, department stores and other retail facilities | 1 space | |
Sales facility showrooms: For every 500 square feet in all auto/boat/RV or farm implement sales facility showrooms | 1 space | |
Self-storage facility: For every 5,000 square feet at a self-storage facility | 1 space | |
Office Use | ||
Arts/public space: For every 300 square feet in any library, museum or art gallery | 1 space | |
Medical/dental office: For every 250 square feet of gross floor area in any medical or dental office or clinic | 1 space | |
Professional office: For every 300 square feet in any administrative or professional business office or bank | 1 space | |
Public/Institutional Use | ||
Airport: For every five hangar or tie-down spaces at an airport or heliport | 1 space | |
College/university: For every two on-campus residents of a resident-based college or university | 1 space | |
Day care: For every six children, permitted by capacity, in any day care facility | 1 space | |
Educational facility, after high school: For every four students for which a community college, business, vocational, trade or other commuter-based school is designed | 2 spaces | |
Fairgrounds: For every 300 square feet of area in enclosed structures at a fairground | 1 space | |
Hospital/nursing home: For every four patient beds at a hospital or nursing home | 1 space | |
Penal/correctional institution: For every ten inmates for which a penal or correctional institution is designed | 1 space | |
Elementary/middle school: For every classroom for which an elementary or middle school is designed (see also Gathering space requirement under Recreation/Assembly Use for additional spaces) | 1 space | |
High school: For every 20 students for which a high school is designed (see also Gathering space requirement under Recreation/Assembly use for additional spaces) | 1 space | |
Bowling alley: For every lane at a bowling alley | 5 spaces | |
Camping facility: For every camp site or cabin at a campground | 1 space | |
Gathering space, non-business: For every three seats in a restaurant, auditorium, gymnasium, stadium, grandstand, funeral home, church (or other place of worship), or movie theater | 1 space | |
Golf course: For every nine holes at any golf course | 20 spaces | |
Nature area: For every one-half acre of area included in a nature area | 1 space | |
Recreational facility, sports: For every field or court at a sports or recreation facility | 20 spaces | |
Recreational facility, water-based: For every 100 square feet of recreational area at a swimming pool greater than 24 inches, skating rink or public lake | 1 space | |
Recreational facility: For every 200 square feet of gross floor area in any fitness center, dance academy, health spa, private lodge or club, or entertainment center | 1 space | |
(Ord. 2007-1B, passed 2-5-07; Am. Ord. 2010-2C, passed 4-5-10)
Cross reference:
Exterior lighting standards, see § 156.075
Landscaping standards, see § 156.077
Non-residential design standards, see § 156.078