(A) Purpose. The purpose of the off-street parking regulations in this section is to alleviate or prevent congestion of the public right-of-way and to promote the safety and general welfare of the public by establishing minimum requirements for off-street parking of motor vehicles in accordance with the utilization of various parcels of land or structures.
(B) Applicability of off-street parking regulations. The regulations and requirements set forth herein shall apply to all off-street parking facilities in all of the zoning districts of the city.
(C) Site plan drawing necessary. All applications for a building or an occupancy permit in all zoning districts shall be accompanied by a site plan drawn to scale and dimensioned and indicating the location of off-street parking, loading spaces, and driveway accesses in compliance with the requirements set forth in this subdivision and § 155.020 et seq. Every detached single-family dwelling unit erected after the effective date of this chapter shall be so located on the lot so that at least a two-car garage, either attached or detached in conformance with this chapter, can be located on the lot.
(D) General provisions.
(1) Exemptions from parking requirements. All business uses located within the B-2 Central Business District shall be exempt from the following off-street parking requirements of this chapter; however, the Central Business District Parking Study of May 1996 shall be implemented and referred to when making parking improvements in the B-2 Central Business District.
(2) Floor area. Except as hereinafter may be provided, the term “floor area” for the purpose of calculating the number of off-street parking spaces required shall be determined on the basis of the exterior floor area dimensions of the building, structure, or use times the number of floors, minus 10%.
(3) Change of use or occupancy.
(a) Change of use of occupancy of land. Any change of use or occupancy of land already dedicated to a parking area, parking spaces, or loading spaces shall not be made, nor shall any sale of land, division, or subdivision of land be made which reduces area necessary for parking, parking stalls, or parking requirements below the minimum prescribed by this chapter. Off-street parking and loading spaces shall not be reduced in number or size unless the number or size of remaining parking spaces exceed the requirements set forth herein for a similar new use.
(b) Change of use or occupancy of buildings. Any intensification, change of use, or occupancy of any building or buildings, including additions thereto, requiring more parking area shall not be permitted until there is furnished such additional parking spaces as required by this chapter.
(E) Driveways and parking in agricultural districts (A-1, AP).
(1) Location. All off-street parking facilities required by this chapter shall be located and restricted as follows:
(a) Required off-street parking shall be on the same lot under the same ownership as the principal use being served.
(b) There shall be no off-street parking within 15 feet of any street surface.
(c) The boulevard portion of the street right-of-way shall not be used for parking.
(d) All parking, driveway and turn-around areas shall maintain a minimum setback of five feet.
(e) Not more than 40% of the area of the front yard shall be covered by impervious surfaces (driveway, sidewalk, and patios).
(F) Driveways and parking in residential districts (RR, R-1, R-1a, R-2, R-3, R-4).
(1) Location. All off-street parking facilities required by this chapter shall be located and restricted as follows:
(a) Required off-street parking shall be on the same lot under the same ownership as the principal use being served, except under the provisions of division (F)(8).
(b) There shall be no off-street parking within 15 feet of any street surface.
(c) The boulevard portion of the street right-of-way shall not be used for parking.
(d) All residential parking, driveway and turn-around areas shall maintain a minimum setback of five feet from side property lines, except the driveway access.
(e) All parking shall be prohibited in any portion of the front yard except that part of a designated driveway leading directly into a garage or to an off-drive parking area (as defined in division (g), that is not located between the front of the principle structure and the front property line.
(f) Not more than 40% of the area of the front yard shall be covered by impervious surfaces such as driveways, sidewalks, and patios for lots 80 feet or greater in width at the building setback line. Impervious surface areas on lots less than 80 feet in width shall not exceed 50% of the front yard.
(g) Off-drive parking area. One off-drive parking area is permitted adjacent to the garage, away from the principal use, except on the street side of a corner lot. The off-drive parking area may begin to transition to full width at a 45 degree angle outside of the driveway access (curb cut) area. The off-drive parking area must meet the setbacks in § 155.050(F)(1)(d).
(h) Turn-around pads must be setback a minimum of ten feet from a front property line and five feet from a side property line.
(i) Within the first 30 feet of any residential lot adjacent to the right-of-way, the maximum driveway angle from the street shall be no greater than 45 degrees, with the exception of a ten-foot by 20-foot turn-around pad for lots with direct access onto any collector or principal/minor arterial roads, as identified in the city’s transportation plan.
(j) The diagrams below are only intended to depict driveway and parking that complies with the requirements set forth in divisions (b) through (i) above. However, the written requirements set forth in this section shall control in the event there is any discrepancy between the written requirements and the diagrams below.
(2) Driveway access (curb cuts).
(a) No residential driveway access shall be located less than 40 feet from the intersection of two or more street rights-of-ways. Minimum distance for commercial and industrial uses shall be 60 feet. This distance shall be measured from the intersection of lot lines.
(b) No driveway width shall exceed the following.
Maximum Driveway Width Within the Street Right-of-Way
| |
Public Street | 30 feet |
Cul-de-sacs with 2 or less driveway accesses | 30 feet |
Cul-de-sacs with 3 or more driveway accesses | 25 feet |
Attached Townhomes | Same width as garage, up to 30 feet |
(c) All property shall be entitled to at least one driveway access. Residential dwelling units shall be limited to one driveway access per property.
(3) Surfacing. Designated driveways leading directly into a garage or off-street parking area shall be surfaced with brick, concrete or bituminous material from the public road to the front of the garage or off-street parking area and any additional areas permitted for off-street parking shall be surfaced with brick, concrete, or bituminous material except, in the R-2 Zoning District, driveway areas that transition from the designated surfaced driveway at a 45 degree angle leading to an off-street parking area may be surfaced with rock material. All surfacing must be completed within one year of building permit issuance and prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy.
(4) Grade elevation.
(a) The grade elevation of any parking area shall not exceed 5%.
(b) Maximum allowed driveway slope shall be 10% and the minimum allowed driveway slope shall be 2%, unless otherwise approved by the City Engineer.
(5) Use of required area. Required off-street parking spaces in any district shall not be utilized for open storage, sale or rental of goods, storage of inoperable vehicles, and/or storage of snow.
(6) Residential parking use.
(a) Passenger vehicles and commercial vehicles of a gross capacity of 15,000 pounds or less. Off-street parking of licensed passenger automobiles/trucks and no more than one commercial vehicle or trailer not exceeding 15,000 pounds gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR), a length of 24 feet from front to back, and a height of nine feet from top to bottom may be permitted on an established driveway or parking area that is surfaced in compliance with § 155.050(F)(3). These restrictions shall not apply to recreational vehicles. For the purposes of the measurement of vehicle dimensions, the “height” of a vehicle shall be the vertical distance between the lowest part of the tires of the measured vehicle to the top of the highest part of the vehicle. The “length” of a vehicle shall be the horizontal distance between the front edge of the vehicle to the rear edge of the vehicle. For purposes of these measurements, accessories, attachments and materials fixed or carried upon such vehicle shall be considered part of the vehicle, with the exception of aerial antennas.
(b) Exceptions. Off-street parking of one commercial vehicle with no restriction on the gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) and of one commercial trailer (enclosed or unenclosed) may temporarily occur in conjunction with a temporary service including, but not limited to, a construction or remodeling project benefitting the premises, provided they are parked on an established driveway or parking area that is surfaced in compliance with § 155.050(F)(3).
(7) Number of spaces required. The following minimum number of off-street parking spaces shall be provided and maintained by ownership, easement and/or lease for and during the life of the respective uses hereinafter set forth. When computing total number of parking spaces required for a use, individual activities within the use shall be calculated separately and added together to arrive at the total required parking spaces for each specified use proposed. All multi-family housing projects shall supply adequate visitor parking area in addition to the required parking proposed per project.
Parking Spaces Required
| |
Use | Number |
Single-family and two-family units | Two enclosed parking spaces per unit. |
Townhomes and townhouses | At least 2½ parking spaces per unit with two enclosed. The ½ parking space may not be located within the driveway. |
Apartment | At least 1½ parking spaces per dwelling unit with one enclosed parking space. |
(8) Off-site parking. Off-site parking for multiple-family dwellings shall not be located more than 100 feet from any normally used entrance of the principal use served.
(G) Driveways and parking for commercial, industrial and public/institutional uses.
(1) Location. All off-street parking facilities required by this chapter shall be located and restricted as follows:
(a) Required off-street parking shall be on the same lot under the same ownership as the principal use being served, except under the provisions of division (16) below.
(b) There shall be no off-street parking within 15 feet of any street surface.
(c) The boulevard portion of the street right-of-way shall not be used for parking.
(d) A setback of ten feet from all lot lines shall be maintained, except in a shared parking arrangement.
(2) Surfacing. Off-street parking, storage and loading areas shall have a brick, concrete, or bituminous surface, and poured-in-place curb and gutter, graded and drained to dispose of all surface water. Storage areas that provide screening according to § 155.031 may be allowed an aggregate surface, but the area must have curb and gutter. Weather permitting; all surfacing should occur prior to an occupancy permit. Plans for surfacing and drainage of driveways and stalls for five or more vehicles shall be submitted to the City Engineer for review and written approval.
(3) Grade elevation.
(a) The grade elevation of any parking lot area shall not exceed 5%.
(b) Maximum allowed driveway slope shall be 10% and the minimum allowed driveway slope shall be 2%.
(4) Calculating space.
(a) When determining the number of off-street parking spaces results in a fraction, each fraction of one-half or more shall constitute another space.
(b) In places of public assembly in which patrons or spectators occupy benches, pews, or other similar seating facilities, each 22 inches of seating facilities shall be counted as one seat for the purpose of determining requirements.
(c) Except as hereinafter may be provided, should a structure contain two or more types of use, each use shall be calculated separately for determining the total off-street parking spaces required.
(5) Stall, aisle, and driveway design.
(a) Parking space size. Each parking space shall not be less than the following:
Parking Type | Stall Width (ft.) | Stall Depth (ft.) | Aisle Width (ft.) |
Standard Parking* | 9 | 20 | — |
Parallel Parking | 9 | 18 | 12 |
Diagonal Parking | 10 | 20 | 22 |
Handicap Parking Parallel Diagonal | 12 12 | 18 20 | 12 22 |
* Stall depth may be reduced down to 18 feet where parking is adjacent to the curb and a vehicle can overhang as approved by the City Engineer. | |||
(b) Within structures. Requirements may be furnished by providing a space so designed within the principal building or one structure attached thereto; however, unless provisions are made, no building permit shall be issued to convert the parking structure into a dwelling unit or living area or other activity until other adequate provisions are made to comply with the required off-street parking provisions of this chapter.
(c) Circulation in parking areas. Parking areas shall be designed so that circulation between parking bays or aisles occurs within the designated parking lot and does not depend upon a public street or alley. Parking area design which requires backing into the public street is prohibited.
(6) Striping. All parking stalls shall be marked with white or yellow paint lines not less than four inches wide.
(7) Lighting. Any lighting used to illuminate an off-street parking area shall be so arranged as to reflect the light away from adjoining property, abutting residential uses, and public rights-of-way and be in compliance with § 155.033.
(8) Signs. No sign shall be so located as to restrict the sight lines and orderly operation and traffic movement within any parking lot.
(9) Landscaping. Grass, plantings, or surfacing material shall be provided in all locations bordering the off-street parking area, including required setback areas.
(10) Required screening. All open, nonresidential, off-street parking areas of five or more spaces shall be screened and landscaped from abutting or surrounding residential districts in compliance with § 155.031.
(11) Maintenance. It shall be the joint and several responsibility of the lessee and owner of the principal use, uses, or building to maintain in a neat and adequate manner the parking space, accessways, striping, landscaping, and required screening.
(12) Use of required area. Required off-street parking spaces in any district shall not be utilized for open storage, sale or rental of goods, storage of inoperable vehicles as regulated by § 155.039 of this chapter, and/or storage of snow.
(13) Number of spaces required. The following minimum number of off-street parking spaces shall be provided and maintained by ownership, easement and/or lease for and during the life of the respective uses hereinafter set forth. When computing total number of parking spaces required for a use, individual activities within the use shall be calculated separately and added together to arrive at the total required parking spaces for each specified use proposed. All multi-family housing projects shall supply adequate visitor parking area in addition to the required parking proposed per project.
Parking Spaces Required | |
Use | Number |
Parking Spaces Required | |
Use | Number |
Auditorium, Banquet/Conference/ Meeting/Party Room, Commercial Recreation - Indoor, Community Center, Funeral Home, Gymnasium, Movie Theater, Place of Worship, Sports Training, and the like | At least one parking space for each three people in the assembly area(s) - which shall be calculated based on fixed seats (one seat equals 22 inches of bench space) or if there are no fixed seats, then the capacity of the assembly area(s) shall be calculated according to the Building Code as adopted by the city, plus parking calculated separately for additional uses such as offices, classrooms, daycares, meeting rooms and others that are used simultaneously with the main assembly area(s). |
Automobile sales and garages | At least one parking space for each 400 square feet of floor area. |
Automobile wash | At least five parking spaces for each wash stand. |
Bowling alleys | At least five parking spaces for each alley, in addition to other uses which shall be calculated separately. |
Convalescent home, rest home, nursing home, or day nurseries | Four parking spaces plus one parking space for each three beds for which accommodations are offered. |
Convenience food establishment | At least one parking space for each 15 square feet of counter area, and at least one parking space for each 40 square feet of sit-down dining area and at least one parking space for each 80 square feet of kitchen area. |
Day care center, except in-home residential | One space per employee plus one space per seven persons of licensed capacity of the facility. |
Elderly (senior citizen) housing | Reservation of area equal to one parking space per unit. Initial development is, however, required of only ½ parking space per unit and the number of parking spaces can continue until such time as the City Council finds that a need for additional parking spaces has been demonstrated. |
Fitness centers, libraries, museums, art galleries | At least one parking space for each 300 square feet of floor area, plus one space per employee on the largest work shift. |
Hotels, motels | One parking space for each living or sleeping unit, plus one parking space per employee on the major shift. Facilities other than guest rooms, including restaurants, bars, conference rooms and the like shall provide parking spaces as specified in other sections of this chapter. |
Manufacturing, fabricating, or processing of a product or material | One parking space for each 500 square feet of floor area, plus one parking space for each company-owned truck (if not stored inside the principal building). |
Medical and dental facilities | Six parking spaces per doctor/dentist/therapist, plus one space per employee or one space per 200 square feet of floor area, whichever is greater. |
Motor fuel station | At least four off-street parking spaces plus two off-street parking spaces for each service stall. Those facilities designed for sale of items other than strictly automotive products, parts or service shall be required to provide additional parking in compliance with other applicable sections of this chapter. |
Office buildings, animal hospitals, and professional offices | Three parking spaces plus at least one parking space for each 200 square feet of floor area. |
Personal business services (beauty/barber/tanning salons, chiropractic and massage clinics, counseling services) | One parking space per employee, plus 1 ½ spaces per employee station or one space per 200 square feet of floor area, whichever is greater. |
Pre-school | One space per three children of licensed capacity of the facility. |
Retail store and service establishment | At least one off-street parking space for each 200 square feet of floor area. |
Retail sales and service business with 50% or more of gross floor area devoted to storage and/or warehouses | At least eight parking spaces or one parking space for each 200 square feet devoted to public sales or service plus one parking space for each 500 square feet of storage. |
Restaurants, cafes, private clubs serving food and/or drinks, bars, taverns, nightclubs | At least one parking space for each 40 square feet of gross floor area of dining and bar area and one parking space for each 80 square feet of kitchen area. |
School (kindergarten through 8th grade) | At least one parking space for each classroom plus one additional parking space for each 50 student capacity, in addition to other uses which shall be calculated separately. |
School (9th grade through college) and private schools where busing is not provided to students | At least one parking space for each five students based on design capacity plus one parking space for each classroom, in addition to other uses which shall be calculated separately. |
Warehousing, storage or handling of bulk goods | One parking space for each employee on the maximum working shift, plus one parking space for each company-owned truck stored outside the principal building, or a minimum of one parking space for each 2,000 square feet, whichever is greater. |
Other uses | Other uses not specifically mentioned herein shall be determined on an individual basis by the City Council. Factors to be considered in such determinations shall include (without limitation) the size of the building, the type of use, the number of employees, the expected volume and turnover of customer traffic, and the expected frequency and number of delivery or service vehicles. |
(14) Proof of parking. If it is clearly demonstrated by the owner that the required parking is in excess of the actual demand, and the City Council approves, all of the required parking need not be initially constructed. The remainder of the parking spaces not initially needed, as shown on the site plan, are to be constructed by the owner when the city determines that the additional parking spaces are needed. The area of future parking must be sodded and kept free of buildings, shrubs and trees.
(15) Joint facilities. The City Council may approve a conditional use permit for one or more businesses to provide the required off-street parking facilities by joint use of one or more sites where the total number of spaces provided is less than the sum of the total required for each business should they provide them separately. When considering a request for such a permit, the Council shall not approve such a permit except when the following conditions are found to exist:
(a) The building or use for which application is being made to utilize the off- street parking facilities provided by another building or use shall be located within 300 feet of such parking facilities.
(b) The applicant shall show that there is no substantial conflict in the principal operating hours of the two buildings or uses for which joint use of off-street parking facilities is proposed.
(c) A properly drawn legal instrument, executed by the parties concerned for joint use of off-street parking facilities, duly approved as to form and manner of execution by the City Attorney, shall be filed with the City Administrator and recorded with the County Recorder’s Office.
(16) Off-site parking.
(a) Any off-site parking which is used to meet the requirements of this chapter shall be a conditional use as regulated by § 155.440 and shall be subject to the conditions listed below.
(b) Off-site parking shall be developed and maintained in compliance with all requirements and standards of this chapter.
(c) Reasonable public access from off-site parking facilities to the use being served shall be provided.
(d) The site used for meeting the off-site parking requirements of this chapter shall be under the same control as the principal use being served or under public ownership. Any use which depends upon off-site parking to meet the requirements of this chapter shall maintain ownership or leasehold control and parking utilization of the off-site location until such time as on-site parking is provided or a site in closer proximity to the principal use is acquired and developed for parking.
(e) Off-site parking for non-residential uses shall not be located more than 300 feet from the main entrance of the principal use being served. No more than one main entrance shall be recognized for each principal building.
(Ord. 110, passed 11-15-97; Am. Ord. 116, passed 10-27-98; Am. Ord. 121, passed 2-23-99; Am. Ord. 0305, passed 4-8-03; Am. Ord. 0312, passed 10-14-03; Am. Ord. 0408, passed 12-14-04; Am. Ord. 0605, passed 7-25-06; Am. Ord. 0701, passed 1-9-07; Am. Ord. 0703, passed 7-10-07; Am. Ord. 0802, passed 3-11-08; Am. Ord. 0903, passed 10-27-09; Am. Ord. 1401, passed 1-28-14; Am. Ord. 1506, passed 9-8-15; Am. Ord. 1704, passed 10-24-17; Am. Ord. 1901, passed 1-8-19; Am. Ord. 1902, passed 5-14-19; Am. Ord. 1905, passed 12-10-19; Am. Ord. 2001, passed 7-14-20) Penalty, see § 155.999