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(A) Ventilation shall be provided to prevent the accumulation of any trapped vapors below the combustion chamber. Rooms in which oil-burning equipment is located shall be provided with adequate ventilation to assure continuous complete combustion of the oil.
(B) Name-plate designating the trade-name of the burner, the model or size number and the name and address of the burner manufacturer shall be securely attached to each fuel oil-burner and oil-burning space heater.
(C) No damper shall be permitted in the smoke pipe or chimney from the device heated that may restrict the passage of fumes or gasses by more than 40%. Each oil-fired heating unit covered by this subchapter shall be connected to a chimney flue.
(D) (1) Chimney flues and flue pipes shall freely conduct the flue gases to the outer air. The chimney or flue shall be properly constructed in accordance with the requirements of Ch. 154.
(2) The flue pipe shall not enter the chimney or flue beyond its inner wall and shall be so cemented to the chimney as to prevent infiltration of air. In entering the chimney or flue, the connection shall be made at least six inches above the extreme bottom.
(E) (1) The vent connection shall not be smaller than the size indicated by the vent collar of the appliance when same is oil designed.
(2) The horizontal vent connection shall not be longer than one-half the effective height of the chimney. The vent pipe shall maintain a pitch or rise of one-quarter inch per foot of the horizontal run from the equipment to the flue or chimney.
(3) The vent pipe shall be so installed as to avoid sharp turns or other constructive features which would create excessive resistance to flow of the gaseous products of combustion.
(4) Vent pipes from one or more oil-fired space heating appliances may be interconnected provided that the cross-sectional area of the manifold shall be equal to the sum of the cross-sectional area of the manifold shall be equal to the sum of the cross sectional areas of the vent collar connections of the appliances.
(5) No vent from an oil-fired space heating appliance shall be interconnected with a vent pipe from an appliance burning other fuels or designed for other uses except with the specific approval of the Department.
(6) A vent pipe from an oil-fired heating appliance and vent pipes from other appliances, burning the same or other fuels, may be connected into the same chimney through separate openings located at different levels, provided that the operation of any of the equipment is not adversely affected.
(7) The material used for vent pipes shall be such as to resist the corrosive action of flue gases and condensate.
(Ord. 19, passed 1-7-1955) Penalty, see § 156.999
(A) The minimum clearance of oil-fired heating units from combustible partitions and materials shall be as set forth in the Michigan Mechanical Code and Building Code, except in the case of equipment especially designed for burning fuel oil and tested and listed for lesser clearances by a nationally recognized testing laboratory.
(B) The clearance to combustible construction may be reduced as specified in the Michigan Mechanical Code and Building Code where the combustible construction is protected.
(Ord. 19, passed 1-7-1955)
(A) Where metal smoke pipes of 12 inches or less in diameter pass through a wood or plastered stud partition, they shall be surrounded either by a body of brick, hollow tile or other incombustible fireproof material of a thickness of at least four inches around such smoke pipes; or they shall be surrounded by a sheet metal thimble of two concentric rings at least two inches apart and the entire thimble so constructed that there will be a free circulation of air between the two rings forming the same. Smoke pipes of a diameter of six inches or less may have thimbles with one-inch air space.
(B) Where a new smoke pipe is installed, it shall be lock-seamed or riveted, with all joints lapped not less than one and one-half inches and rigidly secured and shall have proper thimble for making tight connection to chimney flue.
(Ord. 19, passed 1-7-1955)
(A) Oil-fired floor furnaces shall be specifically approved by the Department for services in direct contact with combustible floors in which they may be installed.
(B) Fixed ventilation by means of a duct or grille arranged to supply air from a permanently ventilated attic or underfloor space, shall be provided to any confined space which encloses the floor furnace. The duct or grille shall be screened and have a free area at least twice the free area of the vent collar of the floor furnace or one square inch per 1,000 inch per 1,000 B.T.U. per hour of oil input, whichever is the greater, and shall be installed in such a manner as to ensure proper combustion.
(C) The following are requirements that will serve in properly placing the furnace or furnaces to serve one story.
(1) No floor furnace shall be installed in the floor of any aisle or passageway of any auditorium, public hall or place of assembly or in an exit-way from any such room or space.
(2) With the exception of wall-register models, a floor furnace shall not be placed closer than six inches to the nearest wall and wall-register models shall be placed closer than six inches to a corner.
(3) The furnace shall be so placed that a door, drapery or similar object cannot be nearer than 12 inches to any portion of the register of the furnace.
(4) Generally speaking, the more central the location, the better, favoring slightly the sides exposed to the prevailing winter winds.
(5) The floor around the furnace shall be braced and headed with a framework of material not lighter than the joists.
(6) Means shall be provided to support the furnace when the floor grille is removed.
(7) The lowest portion of the floor furnace shall have at least six-inch clearance from the general ground level, except that where the lower six-inch portion of the floor furnace is sealed by the manufacturer to prevent entrance of water, the clearance may be reduced to not less than two inches. When these clearances are not present, the ground below and to the side shall be excavated to form a “basin-like” under the furnace so that the required clearance is provided beneath the portion of the furnace. A 12-inch clearance shall be provided on all sides except the control side which should have an 18 inch clearance.
(8) Provisions shall be made for an access door to the floor furnace by means of an opening in the foundation wall of at least 18 by 24 inches and a trap door of at least 24 inches by 24 inches, located at some convenient point, and a clear and unobstructed passageway to the floor furnace of at least 18 inches high by 24 inches wide.
(9) Whenever the excavation exceeds 12 inches or water seepage is likely, a pit made of concrete, water-proof, not less than three and three-quarters inches thick and extending four inches above grade level shall be used. The pit shall be not less than six feet by six feet inside dimension, with at least two and one-half foot clearance on the control side and clearance on all other sides not less than six inches.
(10) Floor furnaces shall be protected, where necessary, against severe wind conditions.
(11) Listed oil floor furnaces may be installed in an upper floor provided the furnace assembly projects below into a utility room, closet, garage or similar nonhabitable space. In such installations, the floor furnace shall be enclosed completely (entirely separated from the nonhabitable space) with means for air intake to meet the provisions of this section, with access facilities for servicing on the control side, with minimum furnace clearance of six inches to all sides and bottom, and with the enclosure constructed of Portland Cement plaster on metal lath or material of equal fire resistance.
(12) Registers shall not be covered with combustible materials and the floor immediately surrounding the furnace shall be reasonably level.
(13) All floor furnaces, including those having single or dual wall register outlets, shall be installed as approved without alterations, extensions or changes of any kind in the furnace.
(Ord. 19, passed 1-7-1955)
(A) Standard full weight wrought iron, galvanized iron, steel or brass pipe or approved brass or copper tubing shall be used throughout. Underground piping shall be galvanized or equivalent.
(B) Pipe used in the installation of the domestic type burners shall not be smaller than three-eighth inch iron pipe size; pipe used in the installation of industrial type burners shall not be smaller than one-half inch iron pipe size. Suction lines for equipment burning grades No. 5 and 6 oil shall not be less than one and one-half iron pipe size to within 30 inches of the pump or burner. Copper or brass tubing used in the installation of domestic type burners where the oil flows by gravity from the tank to the burners shall not be smaller in size than three-eights inch outside diameter, forty-nine-thousandths inch wall thickness tubing. For industrial type burners, such copper or brass tubing shall not be smaller in size than the equivalent of the iron pipe size mentioned above with wall thickness not less than forty-nine-thousandths inch.
(C) Piping shall be rigidly secured in place and protected from injury in a workerlike manner and where necessary, shall be protected against corrosion. Where practicable, oil piping shall be buried underground or in a concrete floor or placed in a metal-covered pipe trench.
(D) Unions shall be ground type conical seating with faces of metal. Flanged or packed joints shall not be used. Compression fittings shall not be permitted for joints made on copper tubing.
(E) Valves shall be constructed so that the stem cannot be withdrawn by continual operation of hand wheel. The packing gland shall be provided with a separate shouldered unheaded follower having a beveled contact space for the compression of the packing.
(F) All threaded joints shall be made with lethargy and glycerine shellac, or other approved compound, free from leaks and made up so as to form an adequate joint.
(G) Proper allowance shall be made for expansion, contraction, jarring and vibration. Pipe lines, other than tubing, connected to underground tanks, except fill lines and test wells, shall be provided with double swing joints arranged to permit the tank to settle without impairing the efficiency of the pipe connections.
(H) Oil supply lines to burners shall be provided with approved strainers.
(I) Gas pilot supply piping shall be provided with an approved shutoff valve and with an approved properly vented gas pressure regulator.
(J) Fused valves of approved type shall be installed in oil supply lines at each tank and within six inches of each burner. In the case of underground tanks, the fused valve shall be located at the highest point visible in the suction line.
(Ord. 19, passed 1-7-1955)
(A) Oil storage tanks on the inside of any building, shall be located in the lowest story, cellar or basement. Total above-ground storage either inside or outside of any building, on any premises shall be limited to 550 gallons but not more than 275 gallons shall be permitted in any one storage tank. On multiple tank installations, approved type check valves shall be provided to prevent cross flow between tanks. Design of check valves that are acceptable will include ball check valves, vertical life check valves and swing check valves that when in a closed position the angle shall be no less than for 45 degrees from the vertical. The fill-pipe on multiple installations shall be so arranged that both tanks will fill equally and the vent pipe shall extend well above cross connections between tanks to prevent air binding when filling, and shall meet the requirements of this section.
(B) Tanks shall be constructed of galvanized iron or basis open hearth steel or wrought iron, not less than 14 gauge or other material of equal strength and durability. All joints shall be welded or riveted. The tanks shall be reinforced with a welded or riveted pad or flange where connections are made. All tanks shall be made tight and tested at five pounds air pressure and with soapy water without showing leaks.
(C) Tanks shall have rigid and incombustible support and shall not be located less than five feet, measured horizontally, from any fire or flame and shall be placed on an incombustible floor.
(D) Each tank shall be provided with an approved type gauging device so that the fuel oil content of the tank may be determined at all times. Glass gauging devices or any others, the breaking or derangements of which would permit the escape of oil, shall not be used.
(E) Fuel oil should not be forced from storage tanks by positive air pressure.
(F) Underground tanks and storage tanks inside buildings shall be filled only through fill pipes terminating outside of buildings at a point at least two feet from any building opening at the same or lower level. Fill terminal shall be closed tight, when not in use, by a metal cover designed to prevent tampering. The fill pipe for such tank or tanks shall be iron or steel not less than one and one-half inches in diameter.
(G) All storage tanks for fuel oil shall be provided with a vent pipe not less than one-half the diameter of the fill pipe opening and in no case less than one and one-quarter inch iron pipe size in diameter.
(H) (1) The vent pipe shall be directly connected into the top of the tank and shall not be interconnected with lines used for other purposes. It shall not extend more than one inch inside the top of the tank.
(2) Vent pipes shall terminate outside of building, at least eight feet above grade, securely supported, at least 18 inches above the tank fill connection and at least two feet measured horizontally or vertically building from any building opening. The vent opening shall be protected by a return bend, hood or other fitting protected with an eight by eight corrosion-resisting screen to minimize the entry of foreign matter.
(3) Vent pipes shall maintain a pitch downward toward the tank of at least one-quarter inch per horizontal foot to prevent pocketing of liquid.
(4) The vent pipe from 275-gallon tanks may be connected to one upright, provided that they be connected to a point at least three inches above the lowest horizontal run of fill pipes.
(5) Vent pipes shall not be cross-connected with fill pipes or return lines from burners.
(6) Fill and vent pipes shall not be run through windows or coal chutes unless such openings are totally enclosed with non-combustible materials.
(I) (1) Except as otherwise permitted in this chapter, the storage of fuel oil in excess of 550 gallons shall be outside of any building in underground tanks.
(2) Tanks located underground shall be placed in a position so that the top of the tank is at least two feet below the surface of the ground and below the level of the lowest pipe leading into the building, provided, that tanks under driveways shall be protected by suitable reinforced concrete slabs. Tanks may be buried 16 inches below grade, with a cover of one foot of earth and a reinforced concrete slab of not less than four inches of thickness. The slab shall be set on a firm, well tamped earth foundation and shall extend at least one foot beyond the tank in all directions.
(3) Tanks may be permitted underneath a building if buried at least two feet below the lowest floor or may be placed l6 inches below the lowest floor and covered with 12 inches of earth and four inches of enforced concrete.
(4) Where it is impracticable to bury tanks, the Department may allow them to be installed inside a building when completely encased in six inches of reinforced concrete and six inches of sand. Access openings in the top of such enclosures may be permitted upon specific approval of the Department. Storage in such installations shall not exceed 5,000 gallons for any one premise.
(J) Underground tanks shall not be located within two feet of a private property line or a basement or pit lower than the top of such tanks, unless such tanks are completely encased in six inches of concrete of a one, three and five mixture.
(K) Underground tanks shall be set on a firm foundation supported so that bearing stresses are uniformly distributed and surrounded with clean sand, well tamped into place. Where necessary to prevent floating, they shall be securely anchored or weighted.
(L) Measuring devices on tanks beneath buildings and previously described encased tanks shall be of an approved wall gauge type. Gauge stick openings located inside any building are expressly prohibited.
(M) Tanks underground and vaulted tanks shall be provided with a clean-out connection, which shall be not less than three-quarter inch pipe, extending within one and one-half inches from the bottom of the tank to outside the building. This connection shall be properly capped.
(N) (1) Gravity feed shall be used only with burners arranged to prevent abnormal discharge of oil at the burner by automatic means specifically approved for the burner with which it is used.
(2) Gravity flow of fuel oil from tank to burner is permitted when each tank does not exceed 275-gallon capacity. Tanks of larger capacity, where permitted, shall discharge oil by suction through top of tank.
(O) Storage and auxiliary tanks shall be securely supported by substantial incombustible supports to prevent settling or sliding.
(P) Where a pump is installed between the storage tank and an auxiliary tank, means shall be provided so as to return any surplus oil to the storage tank or other approved means shall be provided to prevent overflow of the auxiliary tank.
(Q) Fuel oil drums as hereinbefore defined shall be of metal of not less than 18 gauge and shall be equipped with a suitable hand pump or approved self-closing faucet. Said fuel oil drums may be stored in any garage or building on the ground floor only. Fuel oil storage for use with oil-burning space heaters shall be limited to two 55-gallon drums inside of any buildings or not more than one 275-gallon tank outside of any building, where properly vented and provided with a hand pump. The use of faucets on drums or tanks stored inside of buildings is prohibited.
(R) (1) The metal used in all tanks shall be of a minimum gauge U.S. Standard, depending upon the capacity or size as given in the following table:
Capacity | Thickness of Material |
Capacity | Thickness of Material |
1 to 285 gallons | 12 gauge |
286 to 560 gallons | 12 gauge |
561 to 1,100 gallons | 10 gauge |
1,101 to 4,000 gallons | 7 gauge |
4,001 to 12,000 gallons | 1/4 in. |
12,001 to 20,000 gallons | 5/16 in. |
20,001 to 30,000 gallons | 3/8 in. |
(2) All such tanks shall be welded or riveted and shall be heavily coated outside with asphaltum or other rust-resisting material. All tanks and underground piping attached thereto shall be tested for leakage and shall be tight at five pounds air pressure. All tanks having a capacity in excess of 275 gallons and all tanks for underground installation shall bear the Underwriters label.
(T) For fuel oil heavier than 35 degrees A.P. I. tanks may be made of concrete, in accordance with the standards of the National Board of Fire Underwriters for the construction of concrete fuel oil storage tanks as recommended by the National Fire Protection Association, with special permission of the Department.
(U) Fuel oil return lines shall be provided with a check return line extending below the top of the tank.
(Ord. 19, passed 1-7-1955)
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