(A) Parking requirements. There shall be provided in all districts at the time of erection or enlargement of any main building or structure, automobile off-street parking space with adequate access to all spaces. The number of off-street parking spaces in conjunction with all land or building uses shall be provided, prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy or certificate of re-occupancy, as hereinafter prescribed.
(1) Off-street parking for other than residential use shall be either on the same lot or within 500 feet of the building it is intended to serve, measured from the nearest point of the building to the nearest point of the off-street parking lot. Ownership shall be shown for all lots or parcels intended for use as parking by the applicant.
Measurement of Distance
(2) Residential off-street parking spaces shall consist of a parking strip, parking bay, driveway, garage or combination thereof, and shall be located on the premises they are intended to serve and subject to the provisions of § 155.072 (A).
(3) Any area once designated as required off-street parking shall never be changed to any other use unless and until equal facilities are provided elsewhere.
(4) Off-street parking existing at the effective date of this chapter in connection with the operation of an existing building or use shall not be reduced to an amount less than hereinafter required for a similar new building or new use.
(5) Shared parking. Two or more buildings or uses may collectively provide the required off-street parking in which case the required number of parking spaces shall not be less than the sum of the requirements for the several individual uses computed separately. The Planning Commission may allow the following reduction in parking space requirement for shared parking at the applicant’s request:
(a) Up to 50% of the parking spaces required for the predominant use on a site may be shared with other uses operating during the same time of day and days of the week. The predominant use is considered to be the use that requires the most parking of those sharing the parking facilities.
(b) Up to 75% of the parking spaces required for uses such as theaters, public auditoriums, bowling alleys, nightclubs, movie theaters, and similar predominantly evening uses may be shared with uses such as banks, offices, and other similar predominantly daytime uses.
(c) Up to 75% of the parking spaces required for uses such as religious institutions and other uses exclusively in operation during the weekend may be shared with uses such as medical offices, banks, and other similar uses predominantly in operation on weekdays.
(6) (a) Parking waivers. Except for buildings or parts of buildings used or occupied for residential use, all or part of the off-street parking requirements may be waived by the Planning Commission where the proposed site planning design, and construction meets on of the following:
1. Sufficient publicly owned parking spaces within 500 feet of the proposed development site.
2. Access to a regularly scheduled transit stop within 500 feet of the proposed development.
3. Direct access from a bikeway where bike parking is provided.
4. Sufficient on-street parking.
(b) Parking reduction requests. If the applicant believes that the required parking amounts are in excess of what is needed for the proposed use, the applicant may submit a request with justification to the Planning Commission for a reduction in parking space requirements. The Planning Commission will consider and act on this request concurrent with and as part of the full development application process.
(7) Storage of merchandise, motor vehicles for sale, trucks, or the repair of vehicles is prohibited.
(8) When units or measurements determining the number of required parking spaces result in the requirement of a fractional space, any fraction up to and including one-half shall be disregarded and fractions over one-half shall require one parking space.
(B) Space requirements; types of use. The minimum number of off-street parking spaces by type of use shall be determined in accordance with Table 5-2 below:
Table 5-2 Off-Street Parking Requirements
| |
Use
|
Number of Minimum Parking
Spaces per Unit of Measure |
Table 5-2 Off-Street Parking Requirements
| |
Use
|
Number of Minimum Parking
Spaces per Unit of Measure |
Residential | |
Residential, One-family and two- family | 2 per dwelling |
Residential, multiple family | 1½ per dwelling unit |
Senior Housing, Assisted Living Facility or similar types Housing for the Elderly | 0.5 for each unit, and 1 per employee on the largest working shift. Should units revert to general occupancy, then 1½ spaces per unit shall be provided. The land available due to the difference between the 2 minimums shall be land banked as usable open space |
Manufactured Housing Community | 2 per unit and 1 per employee on the largest working shift |
Institutional | |
Religious Institutions | 1 for each 3 seats or 6 feet of pews in the main unit of worship |
Hospitals | 1 per two beds plus 1 per employee on the largest working shift plus 1 per each 200 square feet of gross outpatient clinic floor area |
Nursing and Convalescent Homes | 1 per 4 beds plus 1 per employee on the largest working shift |
Elementary and Junior High Schools | 1 for each 1 teacher, employee or administrator, in addition to the requirements of the auditorium |
Senior High Schools | 1 for each 1 teacher, employee or administrator, and 1 for each 10 students, in addition to the requirements of the auditorium |
Private Clubs or Halls | 1 for each 3 persons allowed within the maximum occupancy load as established by local, county or state fire, building or health codes |
Private Golf Clubs, Tennis Clubs, or other similar uses | 1 for each 2 member families or individuals |
Golf Courses open to the general public, except miniature or par-3 courses | 6 for each 1 golf hole, and 1 for each 1 employee on the largest working shift |
Fraternity or Sorority | 1 for each 5 permitted active members, or 1 for each 2 beds, whichever is greater, plus 1 per employee |
Stadium, Sports Arena or similar place of outdoor assembly | 1 for each 3 seats or 6 feet benches |
Theaters and Auditoriums | 1 for each 3 seats, plus 1 for each 2 employees |
Public utility facilities such as communications buildings, electrical substations, pump stations, cellular communications towers and similar uses | 1 per employee on the largest working shift. The storage of vehicles is prohibited |
Business and Commercial | |
Planned Commercial or Shopping Center located in any B District | 6 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross leasable area for the first 15, 000 square feet; 5 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross leasable area for 15,001 - 400,000 square feet; 4 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross leasable area for 400,001 and greater square feet |
Vehicle Wash | 1 per employee. In addition, stacking spaces must be provided. Stacking space shall be 200 feet for facilities with washlines of 80 feet or less. Vehicle wash facilities with washlines over 80 feet shall provide an additional 20 feet for each 10 feet of washline in excess of 80 feet |
Beauty Parlor or Barber Shop | 3 spaces per each of the first 2 beauty or barber chairs, and 1½ spaces for each additional chair |
Bowling Alley | 3 per 1 bowling lane |
Dance halls, pool or billiard parlors, roller or skating rinks, exhibition halls, assembly halls without fixed seats and arcades | 1 per 3 persons allowed within the maximum occupancy load as established by local, county or state fire, building or health codes |
Standard restaurants or establishments for sale and useable consumption on the premises of beverages, food or refreshments | 1 per 100 square feet of gross building floor and outdoor seating area |
Furniture and appliance, household equipment repair shops, showroom of a plumber, decorator, electrician or similar trade, shoe repair and other similar uses | 1 per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area. For that floor area used in processing, 1 additional space shall be provided for each 2 persons employed therein |
Automobile Service Stations | 2 per lubrication stall, rack, pit and 1 for each gasoline pump |
Laundromats and Coin-Operated Dry Cleaners | 1 for each 2 machines |
Miniature or par-3 Golf Courses | 3 for each 1 hole plus 1 for each 1 employee on the largest working shift |
Mortuary Establishment Assembly | 1 for each 100 square feet of gross floor area plus 1 per dwelling unit |
Motel, Hotel, or other commercial lodging establishments | 1 for each 1 occupancy unit plus 1 for each 1 employee, plus such number of spaces as required for restaurants, bars, taverns, assembly rooms and affiliated facilities |
Motor vehicle sales and service establishments | 1 for each 250 square feet of gross floor area of sales room, plus 1 space per 500 square feet. of gross outdoor sales space, plus 1 for each auto service stall in the service room |
Retail stores except as otherwise specified herein | 2 spaces plus 1 for each 175 square feet of gross floor area |
Adult Entertainment Uses | 1 per patron as allowed within the maximum occupancy load as established by local, county or state fire, building or health codes, plus 1 per employee on the largest working shift |
Child care centers, nursery schools, schools for special education and schools for the mentally impaired | 1 per instructor, administrator or other paid or volunteer employee, plus 1 per company vehicle, plus 1 per each 6 students allowed by license. In addition, 2 drop-off spaces shall be provided for each 6 licensed or registered students. Drop-off spaces shall not be separated form from the entrance by a traffic lane |
Drive-through restaurant and that portion of fast food or carry out restaurant used for drive-thru service | 1 per employee on the largest working shift plus 8 stacking spaces for the first drive-through window and 6 for each additional window plus 1 space per 100 square feet of designated outdoor seating area |
Drive-in restaurant (eating allowed in vehicles only, no seating facilities) | 1 per employee on the largest working shift plus space a sufficient number of spaces for outdoor customer service |
Drive-in restaurant with seating facilities | 1 space per 100 square feet. of gross building floor area and designated outdoor seating area, plus stacking space |
Fast food or carry-out restaurant | 1 space per 100 square feet of gross building floor area and designated outdoor seating area |
Vehicle Repair Facility | 1 per employee and 2 per service and/or repair bay, exclusive of such bay |
Lumber Yards, Retail | 1 per 175 square feet of gross building floor area, plus 1 per 1,500 square feet of gross outdoor storage area, plus 1 per company vehicle |
Vehicle rental and/or leasing | 1 per rental/lease vehicle, plus office requirements |
Open air businesses including plant nurseries | 1 per 175 square feet of gross building floor area, plus 1 per 500 square feet of gross outdoor display area, plus 1 per company vehicle |
Sale or lease of motorhomes | 1 per 1,600 square feet of outdoor vehicle display area, plus 1 per 250 square feet of gross building floor area, plus 1 per service bay exclusive of such bay |
Video Rental Stores | 1 per employee plus 1 per 500 square feet of gross floor area |
Athletic, health and physical exercise clubs or businesses, tennis and court type recreation uses | 1 per 200 square feet of gross building floor area and dedicated outdoor recreation area |
Target practice ranges | 1 per target lane plus 1 per employee on the largest working shift |
Golf driving range | 1 per tee plus 1 per employee on the largest working shift |
Offices | |
Banks | 1 per 250 square feet of gross floor space exclusive of the vault area plus 8 stacking spaces for the first drive-through window and 6 stacking spaces for each additional window |
Business offices or professional offices | 1 per 500 square feet of gross floor area |
Professional offices of doctors, dentists or similar professions | 1 per 250 square feet of gross floor area in waiting rooms and 1 for each examining room, dental chair or similar use area |
Industrial | |
Industrial or research establishments | 5 plus 1 for every 1½ employees in the largest working shifts or 1 for every 1,000 square feet of gross floor area or whichever is greater. Space on site shall also be provided for all construction workers during periods of plant construction |
Wholesale establishments | 5 plus 1 for every 1 employee in the largest working shift, or 1 for every 2,000 square feet of gross floor area, whichever is greater |
Self-storage facility | 1 per each 10 storage units equally distributed throughout the site, plus 1 per 200 square feet of gross floor area of office, plus 2 for the resident manager apartment |
Contractor yard for landscaping, snow removal, concrete, general construction and similar use | 1 per company vehicle plus 1 per tractor, trailer or similar vehicle plus office requirements |
(1) The Planning Commission may reduce the number of off-street parking spaces as listed above by up to 100% where the use and associated required parking would be located in the TCD, Town Center District.
(2) For all uses not specifically mentioned, the City Planner or designee shall determine the appropriate number of required off-street parking spaces. Such determination shall be based upon the type of use or business, number of employees per working shift, existing accessory uses such as, but not limited to, bars, restaurants and assembly space and other factors relating to public health, safety and welfare.
(C) Off-street parking space layout, standards, construction and maintenance. Wherever off-street parking requires the building of an off-street parking facility, where P-1 Vehicular Parking Districts are provided, or where parking facilities are provided in an O-1 District, such off-street parking lots shall be
laid out, constructed and maintained in accordance with the following standards and regulations:
(1) No parking lot shall be constructed unless and until a permit therefore is issued by the Building Department. Applications for a permit shall be submitted to the Building Department in such form as may be determined by the Building Inspector and shall be accompanied with two sets of plans for the development and construction of the parking lot showing that the provisions of this section will be fully complied with.
(2) Plans for the layout of off-street parking facilities shall be in accordance with the following minimum requirements:
Table 5-3 Parking Layout Dimensions
| |||
Parking Pattern (Degrees) | Maneuvering Lane Width (Feet) | Parking Space Width (Feet) | Parking Space Length (Feet) |
0 (Parallel Parking) | 12 | 8 | 23 |
30 to 53 | 12 | 8½ | 20 |
54 to 74 | 15 | 8½ | 20 |
75 to 90 | 24 | 9 | 18 |
Stacking | N/A | 10 | 20 |
All spaces shall be provided adequate access by means of maneuvering lanes. Backing directly onto a street shall be prohibited.
(3) Adequate ingress and egress to the parking lot by means of clearly limited and defined drives shall be provided for all vehicles. Ingress and egress to a parking lot lying in an area zoned for other than single-family residential use shall not be across land zoned for single-family residential use.
(4) All maneuvering lane widths shall permit one-way traffic movement, except that the 90º pattern may permit two-way movement.
(5) Each entrance and exit to and from any off-street parking lot located in an area zoned for other than single-family residential use shall be at least 25 feet distant from any adjacent property located in any single-family residential district.
(6) Any non-residential off-street parking area abutting a residential zoning district shall be provided with a continuous and obscuring wall meeting the requirements of § 155.074.
(7) When a front yard setback is required, all land between said wall and the front property line or street right-of-way line shall be kept free from refuse and debris and shall be landscaped with deciduous shrubs, evergreen material and ornamental trees per requirements of § 155.073. The ground area shall be planted and kept as lawn. All such landscaping and planting shall be maintained in a healthy, growing condition, neat and orderly in appearance.
(8) The use of a continuous curb at the perimeter of paved areas shall be encouraged. Curb blocks shall not be permitted.
(9) All parking and loading facilities and access drives shall be paved with a durable bonded material in accordance with accepted engineering standards. Alternative surfacing materials may be considered in order to minimize impervious surface and stormwater runoff, employ environmental and other best practices, and achieve low impact design. Use of pervious alternative surfaces is encouraged in proximity to the Lower Branch River Rouge. Paving materials proposed to improve aesthetics may also be considered by the City Planner and the Planning Commission. Alternative surfaces proposed shall be reviewed by the city’s consulting engineer. In commercial zoning districts, paving shall not be required for off-street parking areas of four spaces or less, in which case the spaces shall be surfaced with gravel or similar material and so laid out as to clearly indicate that the spaces are reserved for parking of motor vehicles. The parking area shall be surfaced within one year of the date the permit is issued.
(10) Off-street parking areas shall be drained so as to dispose of all surface water accumulated in the parking area in such a way as to preclude drainage of water onto adjacent property or toward buildings. Plans shall meet the approval of the City Engineer.
(11) All lighting used to illuminate any off-street parking area shall be so installed as to be confined within and directed onto the parking area only subject to the requirements of § 155.076.
(12) In all cases where a wall extends to an alley which is a means of ingress and egress to an off street parking area, it shall be permissible to end the wall not more than ten feet from such alley line in order to permit a wider means of access to the parking area.
(13) The Planning Commission, upon application by the property owner of the off-street parking area, may modify the yard or wall requirements where, in unusual circumstances, no good purpose would be served by compliance with the requirements of this section.
(D) Layout of stacking spaces. The layout of stacking spaces shall comply with the requirements of the following graphic.
(Ord. 792, passed 12-3-01; Am. Ord. passed 2-20-17)