(a) Rules for Computation.
(1) On-Street Parking. On-street parking spaces shall not be counted toward off-street parking space requirements except as may otherwise be provided for in this code.
(2) Driveway Space Meeting Parking Requirements. Entrances, exits, or driveways shall not be computed as any part of a required parking lot or area, except in the case of single-family or two-family dwellings where driveways may be used in calculating the amount of off-street parking.
(3) Multiple Uses. Where a building or group of buildings on the same lot contains two or more uses, the parking areas shall include a number of spaces that equals the combined total of parking spaces required for each individual use, except as otherwise allowed in this chapter.
(4) Area Measurements. All square footage-based parking standards shall be computed on the basis of gross floor area of all floors in the building. Up to 15 percent of the gross floor area may be excluded from the above calculation if the area is used for storage accessory to the principal use, restrooms, utilities or other maintenance areas, loading and unloading docks, and other areas incidental to the principal use.
(5) Capacity- Based Standards.
A. For the purpose of computing parking requirements based on employees, students, residents, or occupants, calculations shall be based on the typical, or average, number of persons working on a single shift, the typical, or average, enrollment, or the maximum fire-rated capacity, whichever is lesser.
B. In hospitals, bassinets shall not be counted as beds.
C. In the case of benches, pews, and similar seating accommodations that do not have individual seats, each 24 inches of length of seating shall be counted as one seat for the purpose of determining the parking requirements.
(6) Unlisted Uses.
A. Upon receiving an application for a use not specifically listed or addressed in the parking schedule in Section 1125.04, the Zoning Administrator shall apply the parking standard specified for the listed use that the Zoning deems most similar to the proposed use in regards to use, size and intensity of use.
B. If the Zoning Administrator determines that there is no listed use similar to the proposed use, intensity, or size, the Zoning Administrator may refer to the estimates of parking demand based on recommendations of the American Planning Association (APA), the Urban Land Institute (ULI) and/or the Institute of Traffic Engineers (ITE).
C. The Zoning Administrator's decision regarding parking requirements for a specific use is appealable to the BZA as established in Section 1105.13.
(b) Number of Spaces Required.
(1) This section defines the number of parking spaces required for each use within the City.
(2) For all uses except single-family and two-family dwellings, the number of parking spaces required in Table 1125-2 may be modified according to the following provisions:
A. An application shall include the number of spaces required in Table 1125-2 or up to 10 percent less without needing an administrative waiver or variance approval.
B. Additional reductions shall be permitted if the applicant provides off-site parking spaces, shared parking spaces, or deferred construction parking spaces as provided for in Section 1125.04(d).
(3) For all land use types, a minimum of five spaces is required for each facility other than a single-family detached, single-family attached, or two-family dwelling.
(4) Properties in the C-4 District located east of Grant Street and north of Henry Street shall be exempt from providing parking spaces as required by this section. All other sections of this chapter shall remain in full effect.
Use | Parking Space Requirements |
Agricultural Uses | |
Agriculture (Raising of Crops or Livestock) and Community Gardens | No parking spaces are required. |
Greenhouses and Nurseries | One space per 250 square feet of indoor display and sales area plus one space per 1000 square feet of outdoor sales/display areas |
Residential Uses | |
Cluster Residential Development, Single-Family Attached and Detached Dwellings, Two-Family Dwellings, Multi-Family Dwellings, Manufactured Homes, and Mobile Homes | Two spaces per dwelling unit |
Dormitories | One space per sleeping room, plus one space per 300 square feet of common room floor area |
All Other Residential Uses Listed in Table 1109-1 | One space per two beds |
TABLE 1125-2: NUMBER OF REQUIRED OFF-STREET PARKING SPACES (Cont.) | |
Use | Parking Space Requirements |
Commercial and Office Uses | |
Adult Uses | One space per 300 square feet of floor area |
Agriculture/Farm Supplies and Sales | One space per 400 square feet of floor area of sales room, plus one space for each service stall in the service room, plus five spaces for employees |
Animal Day Care/Animal Grooming | One space per 300 square feet of floor area |
Assembly Halls, Membership Clubs, and Conference Centers | One space per four fixed seats or one space per two persons based on the occupant load limit, whichever is greater |
Automotive Repair (Heavy) | One space per 300 square feet of indoor floor area, plus two spaces per service bay (service bay may not be counted as a parking space) |
Automotive Service Station and Parts Sales | |
Automotive Sales and Leasing | One space per 200 square feet of indoor floor area |
Bars and Taverns | One space per 100 square feet of floor area |
Bed and Breakfast Establishments | Two spaces for owner plus one space for each guest room |
Business and Professional Offices | One space per 300 square feet of floor area with a minimum of five spaces |
Business Service Establishments | One space per 400 square feet of floor area with a minimum of five spaces |
Campgrounds | One space for each camp site |
Financial Institutions | One space per 300 square feet of floor area with a minimum of five spaces |
Funeral Homes and Mortuaries | Six spaces for each parlor + one space for each fleet vehicle or one space for each 50 square feet of floor area in assembly rooms used for services, whichever is greater |
Hotels and Motels | One space per room or suite plus one space for every two employees |
Kennels or Animal Boarding | One space per 400 square feet of floor area |
Live/Work Units | Three spaces per unit |
Medical or Dental Clinics or Offices and 24-Hour Urgent Care | One space per 200 square feet of floor area |
Microbrewery, Microdistillery or Microwinery | One space per 100 square feet of floor area |
Mixed Use Building (with Residential Uses) | One space per 300 square feet of nonresidential floor area + one space per dwelling unit |
Mobile Home, Commercial Truck, and Recreational Vehicle Sales, Leasing, Service or Storage | One space per 200 square feet of indoor floor area |
Personal Service Establishments | One space per 200 square feet of floor area, or two spaces per station/chair, whichever is greater |
Recreation Facilities | For indoor facilities, one space for each three persons at maximum building capacity. For any outdoor facility, see Section 1125.04(c) |
Restaurants | One space per 100 square feet of floor area |
Retail Commercial Uses | One space per 300 square feet of floor area |
Service Commercial Uses | |
Automotive Fuel Sales | One space per 300 square feet of indoor floor area plus one space per fuel pump or service bay (service bay may not be counted as a parking space) |
Theaters | One space for each four persons at maximum building capacity |
Vehicle Washing Establishment | One space per washing bay (washing bay may not be counted as a parking space) |
Veterinarian Offices/Animal Hospitals | One space per 300 square feet of floor area |
TABLE 1125-2: NUMBER OF REQUIRED OFF-STREET PARKING SPACES (Cont.) | ||
Use | Parking Space Requirements | |
Industrial Uses - All Use Types The total number of required spaces is cumulative based on the variety of different functions present in a single use as established below | ||
Office or Administrative Area | One space per 300 square feet of floor area | |
Indoor Sales Area and Displays of Goods Manufactured on Site | One space per 300 square feet of indoor floor area | |
Indoor Areas Used for Storage, Assembly, Vehicular Service or General Manufacturing Activities | 1-3,000 square feet of floor area | One space per 300 square feet of floor area |
3,001 - 5,000 square feet of floor area | One space per 500 square feet of floor area | |
5,001 - 10,000 square feet of floor area | One space per 750 square feet of floor area | |
10,001 or more square feet of floor area | One space per 1,250 square feet of floor area | |
Outdoor Storage Area (3,000 square feet or less) | One space per 1,500 square feet of outdoor space | |
Outdoor Storage Area (more than 3,000 square feet) | One space per 2,500 square feet of outdoor space | |
Warehousing | One space per employee on site during the largest shift | |
TABLE 1125-2: NUMBER OF REQUIRED OFF-STREET PARKING SPACES (Cont.) | ||
Use | Parking Space Requirements | |
Public and Institutional Uses | ||
Active Recreational Uses | Athletic/Play Field | |
Golf Course | Four spaces per green | |
Golf Driving Range | One space for each driving tee plus five spaces for employees | |
Parks, Playgrounds | ||
Skating Facility | One space per 250 square feet of floor area | |
Swimming Pools, Tennis or Racquet Clubs, and Similar Recreation Facilities | ||
Cemeteries | One space per four seats in a chapel or place of assembly | |
Colleges and Higher Educational Institutions | ||
Community Recreation Facility | ||
Cultural Facilities and Structures | ||
Educational Institutions (K-12) - Grades 9 to 12 | One space for every teacher, employee and administrator, plus one space per seven students, or one space for every four seats in the largest auditorium or sports arena, whichever is greater | |
Educational Institutions (K-12) - Grades K to 8 | Two spaces per classroom or one space for every four seats in the largest auditorium or assembly room, whichever is greater | |
Essential Services | No parking spaces are required | |
Government Facilities | ||
Government Offices | One space per 400 square feet of floor area with a minimum of five spaces | |
Hospitals | One space for every two patient beds + four spaces per 1,000 square feet of outpatient clinics, laboratories, pharmacies and other similar uses | |
Nursery Schools or Day Care Centers (Children or Adults) | One space for every four children based on maximum capacity | |
Passive Parks, Open Space and Natural Areas | ||
Places of Worship | One space per four fixed seats in the main assembly room or one space per four persons at maximum capacity, whichever is greater | |
Utility Facilities and Buildings | ||
Wireless Telecommunication Facilities | Two spaces per tower | |
(c) Uses with Variable Parking Demand Characteristics. Uses that reference this subsection in Table 1125-2 have widely varying parking demand characteristics, making it difficult to establish a single off-street parking standard. Applicants that propose a use subject to this subsection shall submit information with their application on the size of building, potential employment, proposed seating, applicable fire capacity information and similar information along with justification on how the proposed number and design of parking spaces is sufficient for the proposed use. The Zoning Administrator shall have the authority to review and make a decision on the proposed number of parking spaces based on the information submitted by the applicant and any estimates of parking demand based on recommendations of the American Planning Association (APA), the Urban Land Institute (ULI) and/or the Institute of Traffic Engineers (ITE).
(d) Alternative Parking Solutions. The total amount of parking spaces required in Section 1125.04 may be reduced by 50 percent utilizing one or more of the following alternative parking solutions.
(1) Deferred Construction of Required Spaces. If the number of parking spaces required in Table 1125-2 is substantially larger than the number anticipated by the applicant and the applicant provides sufficient evidence that supports the reduced parking needs, an application may be approved with an allowance for the construction of a lesser number of parking spaces provided that:
 |
A. The parking plan submitted with the application shall denote the location and layout of that portion of the parking area that currently is deemed not required. The plan shall indicate that the deferred parking spaces will be constructed according to these regulations in the event that the Planning Commission or Zoning Administrator determines at any time that all or any portion of this parking is necessary.
B. The applicant shall be required to provide a plan or drawings that shows the site designed for full compliance with the applicable stormwater regulations, lighting regulations, and landscaping regulations as if the entire parking area was to be constructed even though a portion of the parking area may not be developed initially.
C. At no time shall any portion of the required parking area that is so designated for future vehicular use area construction be used for the construction of any other structure or paved surface unless in compliance with the original plans identified in Paragraph B above. Such construction of the vehicular use area shall require a zoning certificate.
D. At no time shall any portion of the required parking that is so designated for future construction as provided herein be counted as open space or other non-paved areas required by other provisions of this section.
E. The owner of record shall be required to begin construction of the approved deferred parking area(s), as identified on the approved parking plan, within six months of written notice from the Zoning Administrator, identifying that such parking is determined to be necessary. Such determination may be made:
i. When the Planning Commission or Zoning Administrator, as applicable, is reviewing an application related to a change of use or activity; or
ii. When the Zoning Administrator, or their designee, documents that vehicles related to the use are consistently parked on the grass, landscaping area, on other properties, or on the street.
F. Construction of the deferred parking area must be completed within one year of the written notice identified in paragraph 1125.04(d)(1)E above. Failure to construct the remaining parking area within the applicable timeframe shall be considered a violation of this code.
(2) Shared Parking or Off-Site Parking. Shared parking or off-site parking may be authorized under this code subject to the requirements of this section. In all cases, both types of alternative parking solutions shall comply with Section 1125.04(d)(2)C.
A. Shared Parking Option.
i. Shared parking is encouraged and permitted if the multiple uses that the shared parking will benefit can cooperatively establish and operate the facilities and they are located on adjacent properties.
ii. Shared parking is not permitted to serve residential uses except in the C-4 District.
iii. The applicant shall have the burden of proof for reduction of the total number of parking spaces and shall document and submit information substantiating their request.
iv. Parking spaces to be shared shall not be reserved for a specific person, individual, or use on a 24-hour basis.
v. Accessible parking spaces shall not be shared, unless the uses that are to share the spaces are adjacent to the accessible spaces and no inconvenience to the users of such spaces would be created.
vi. Parking facilities to be shared shall be located on the same lot as the use for which the parking space is intended, except when the parking facility complies with the off-site parking option.
vii. Shared parking may be approved if:
a. A sufficient number of spaces is provided to meet the highest demand of the participating uses;
b. The number of shared spaces is equal to or less than 50 percent of the least intense use to utilize the shared parking; and
c. Evidence has been submitted by the parties operating the shared parking facility, to the satisfaction of the Zoning Administrator, documenting the nature of uses and the hours when the individual uses will operate so as to demonstrate the lack of potential conflict between them.
B. Off-Site Parking Option.
i. Off-site parking shall not be used to satisfy the off-street parking standards for residential uses except in the C-4 District.
ii. Required parking spaces reserved for persons with disabilities shall not be located in an off-site parking area.
iii. No off-site parking space shall be located more than 800 feet from the primary entrance of the use served, measured along the shortest legal, practical walking route. This route may include crossing a right-of-way provided it uses a legal crosswalk.
iv. If an off-site parking area is located in a different zoning district than the use served, the off-site parking areas shall still adhere to the vehicular use landscaping regulations of Section 1123.05.
v. Off-site parking for a nonresidential use shall not be permitted in a residential zoning district.
vi. Contiguous lots providing off-street parking for more than one use shall provide sufficient spaces to comply with the combined total parking requirements for all uses except when the allowance for shared parking is granted in compliance with this section.
C. Parking Agreement Required. A parking agreement shall be required for shared or off-site parking arrangements in accordance with this section.
i. The agreement shall be subject to review and approval by the City's Law Director and shall provide for the rights of the respective parties to use the parking areas as shared or off-site parking areas.
ii. The agreement shall include provisions and evidence of deed restrictions or other recorded covenants that ensure that the spaces will be properly maintained during the life of the development.
iii. The agreement shall include language that states that no changes shall be made to the shared or off-site parking facility that would reduce the parking provided for the applicable uses, unless the parties of the agreement agree to make other arrangements to provide parking that will comply with this chapter. No such changes shall be made without Zoning Administrator approval prior to any changes taking place.
iv. The approved shared agreement shall be filed with the application for a zoning certificate and shall be filed with the Wayne County Recorder's Office in a manner as to encumber all properties involved in the parking agreement.
v. The applicant shall be required to provide proof that the agreement has been recorded with the Wayne County Recorder's Office prior to the issuance of a zoning certificate.
(e) Design of Off-Street Parking Areas. Off-street parking areas shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the following requirements.
(1) Access to Parking. Access to parking areas shall be provided as follows for all parking areas other than garages for individual dwelling units:
A. Parking areas shall provide suitable maneuvering area so that vehicles enter from, and exit to, a public street in a forward direction only.
B. Parking lots shall be designed to prevent access at any point other than at designated access drives.
(2) Parking Lots Adjacent to Buildings. All off-street parking spaces for uses other than single-family and two-family dwellings shall be set back a minimum of six feet from any wall of a building if such wall contains ground floor openings other than a garage door providing access, light, or ventilation to the building.
(3) Parking in Designated Areas Only. Any vehicle parked on any lot shall be so parked only in parking areas specifically constructed for such purposes, and shall not be parked on tree lawns, sidewalks, lawns or other areas required by this code to be landscaped.
(4) Parking Space Dimensions. Each parking space shall have direct and unrestricted access to an aisle of the minimum width set out in Table 1125-3 and illustrated in Figure .
 |
(Ord. 2018-009. Passed 5-7-18; Ord. 2019-17. Passed 10-7-19.)