(a) Number of Parking Spaces Required.
(1) Computation. In computing the number of parking spaces required by this code, the following shall apply:
A. Where floor area is designated as the standard for determining parking space requirements, floor area shall be as defined by this code but is not intended to mean gross floor area.
B. Where seating capacity is designated as the standard for determining parking space requirements, the capacity shall mean the number of seating units installed, and where individual seats are not provided (bench, pew, etc.), one seat shall be for each twenty-four (24) lineal inches of seating facilities.
C. Fractional numbers shall be increased to the next highest whole number.
D. Parking spaces shall be provided according to the schedule of uses in this subsection. In residential use areas, garages or carports may be counted as a part of the required parking.
(2) Mixed Use Occupancy. In the case of mixed or multiple uses in one building or on one property, the total requirements for off-street parking may be reduced as follows:
A. The reduction shall be based on the sum of the minimum parking spaces required in the table in this subsection, computed separately, and reduced by not more than twenty-five percent (25%). Any reduction in spaces shall be reviewed and approved by the Director of Community Development.
B. The remaining spaces shall not be reserved for any one use and shall be available to all patrons or residents of that development.
(1) Minimum Parking Spaces Table.
A. Table 1121-3 establishes the minimum number of parking spaces required for individual uses. For uses that are not specifically stated, the Director of Community Development may identify a parking requirement that most closely reflects the land use and intensity of the proposed use or may require an alternative parking space plan as established in Section 1121.04(b)(2).
B. In order to prevent excessive lot coverage, the artificial increase in ambient air temperature, and an unnecessary increase in surface water run-off, no application shall propose more than twenty-five percent (25%) of the spaces required in Table 1121-3 unless good cause can be shown by the applicant and approved by the BZA through the variance process. Single-family dwellings and two-family dwellings shall be exempt from this provision.
C. An alternative parking space plan is not permitted for uses marked with an asterisk (*) in Table 1121-3. An alternative parking space plan shall only be permitted when the applicant wants to propose less than the number required by Table 1121-3.
D. The required spaces as determined by the schedule and standards in this section may be modified by the Planning Commission in the CBD District where free parking areas or publicly owned parking areas are readily accessible and where land is not available for development of accessory off-street parking as required herein.
TABLE 1121-3: MINIMUM NUMBER OF OFF-STREET PARKING SPACES | |
Use | Parking Spaces Required |
Agricultural Uses | |
Community Gardens | One space per 10 garden plots |
Residential Uses | |
Single-Family or Two-Family Dwellings* | Two spaces per dwelling unit |
Rowhouse and Multi-Family Dwellings* | One and one-half spaces per dwelling unit |
Residential Facilities | Two spaces per facility if located in a single-family dwelling or four spaces for all other residential facilities |
Skilled Nursing or Personal Care Facilities | One space per four beds at maximum capacity |
Public and Institutional Uses | |
Active Parks and Recreation | One space per 5,000 square feet of usable outdoor area or one space per five seats if stadium/arena seating provided |
Cemeteries | One space per four seats in a chapel or place of assembly at maximum building capacity |
Churches and Places of Worship | One space per four fixed seats in the main assembly room or one space per four persons at maximum capacity, whichever is greater |
Educational Institutions (Preschool and K-12) | One space for every four seats in the largest auditorium, stadium, or assembly room, whichever is greater plus six spaces per classroom |
Educational Institutions (Higher Education) | One space for every four seats in the largest auditorium, stadium, or assembly room, whichever is greater plus one space per five seats for every classroom |
Government Offices and Buildings | One space per 500 square feet of floor area |
Hospitals | One space for every two patient beds plus one space for every 300 square feet of outpatient clinics, laboratories, pharmacies and other similar uses |
All Other Public and Institutional Uses | One space per 500 square feet of floor area or one space per five permanent seats at maximum capacity, whichever is greater |
TABLE 1121-3: MINIMUM NUMBER OF OFF-STREET PARKING SPACES (Cont.) | |
Use | Parking Spaces Required |
Commercial and Offices Uses | |
Administrative, Business, or Professional Offices | One space per 400 square feet of floor area |
Animal Boarding Facilities | One space per 400 square feet of floor area |
Assembly Halls and Conference Centers | One space for each four persons at maximum building capacity |
Automotive Repair and Service | One space per service bay plus one space per 400 square feet of retail space |
Commercial Recreational Facilities (Indoors) | One space per 400 square feet of floor area; or One space per five seats if stadium/arena seating provided |
Commercial Recreational Facilities (Outdoors) | One space per 5,000 square feet of usable outdoor area or one space per five seats if stadium/arena seating provided |
Financial Institutions | One space per 300 square feet of floor area |
Funeral Homes or Mortuaries | Six spaces for each parlor plus one space for each fleet vehicle or one space for each 50 square feet of floor area in assembly rooms used for services, whichever is greater |
Hotels | One space per guest room |
Medical/Dental Clinics and Health Centers and Medication Maintenance Facilities or Dispensaries | One space per 300 square feet of floor area |
Restaurant, Microbrewery, Microdistillery, or Microwinery | One space per 150 square feet of floor area |
Theaters | |
All Other Commercial and Office Uses | Building footprint less than 5,000 square feet of floor area |
Building footprint of 5,001 of 50,000 square feet of floor area | |
Building footprint of 50,001 square feet or more of floor area | |
TABLE 1121-3: MINIMUM NUMBER OF OFF-STREET PARKING SPACES (Cont.) | ||
Use | Parking Spaces Required | |
Industrial Uses The total number of required spaces for uses in the industrial use classification shall be cumulative based on the variety of different functions present in a single use as established below | ||
Offices or Administrative Areas | One space per 300 square feet of floor area | |
Indoor Sales Area and Displays of Goods Manufactured on Site | One space per 400 square feet of indoor floor area | |
Indoor Areas Used for Storage, Warehousing, Assembly, Vehicular Service, or General Manufacturing Activities | 1-3,000 square feet of floor area | One space per 300 square feet of floor area |
3,001-5,000 square feet of floor area | One space per 500 square feet of floor area | |
5,001-10,000 square feet of floor area | One space per 1,000 square feet of floor area | |
10,001 or more square feet of floor area | One space per 1,500 square feet of floor area | |
Outdoor Storage Area (3,000 square feet or less) | 1 space per 1,500 square feet of gross outdoor area | |
Outdoor Storage Area (more than 3,000 square feet) | 1 space per 2,500 square feet of gross outdoor area | |
(2) Alternative Parking Space Requirements.
A. An applicant may choose to provide an alternative parking space plan based on the proposed uses. The applicant shall be required to demonstrate that the proposed number of off-street parking spaces provided in the alternative plan is sufficient to serve the proposed use or activity through the submission and review of a parking plan. As part of the alternative parking space plan, the applicant shall provide a written analysis of parking requirements based on the following information:
i. Availability of on-street parking near the use and the distances to those spaces;
ii. Building square footage for each specific use to be served by off-street parking;
iii. Intensity of the proposed use;
iv. Hours of operation;
v. Estimated number of patrons/customers at peak hours of operation;
vi. Maximum numbers of employees present on one shift;
vii. Availability of joint parking areas;
viii. Building occupancy loads;
ix. Proposed number of spaces and their locations on the lot; and
x. Any additional information as requested by the Director of Community Development.
B. The Planning Commission shall have the authority to approve or deny the application. The Planning Commission may refer to the estimates of parking demand based on recommendations of the American Planning Association (APA), the Urban Land Institute (ULI), the Institute of Traffic Engineers (ITE), or similar resources in making its determination. If the Planning Commission denies the alternative parking space plan, the applicant shall be required to meet the minimum number of spaces required by Table 1121-3 above or seek approval of a variance.
(c) Garage or Carport Required.
(1) A garage or carport of not less than 200 square feet of floor space is hereby required for all new single-family and two-family dwellings subject to applicable setbacks in Section 1111.01.
(2) For rowhouse dwellings and multi-family dwellings, all parking facilities shall be within a walking distance of 200 feet of the building entrance of the unit to be served. Additionally, a minimum of one-half of all required spaces shall be provided in an enclosed garage or roofed carport.
(3) No existing garage or carport area in or on any residential property shall be eliminated unless replaced with a garage or carport located on the same property.
(d) Dimensional Requirements for Parking Spaces and Drive Aisles.
(1) Areas for off-street parking facilities shall be designed in accordance with the minimum dimensional requirements established in Table 1121-4 and illustrated in Figure 1121-B.
(2) If parking along a drive aisle shall have parking at two or more different angles, the width of the aisle required shall be the largest width required in Table 1121-4.
TABLE 1121-4: PARKING SPACE DIMENSIONS | ||||
Angle | Parking Space Width (Feet) | Parking Space Length (Feet) | Drive Aisle Width (Feet) | |
One-Way | Two-Way | |||
A | B | C | D | |
Parallel (0°) | 9 feet | 22 feet | 12 feet | 20 feet |
30° | 9 feet | 20 feet | 12 feet | 24 feet |
45° | 9 feet | 20 feet | 12 feet | 24 feet |
60° | 9 feet | 19 feet | 18 feet | 24 feet |
Perpendicular (90°) | 9 feet | 19 feet | 20 feet | 24 feet |
Figure 1121-B: Parking area dimensions
(3) Compact Spaces.
A. All compact car spaces must be a minimum of eight (8) feet wide by sixteen (16) feet long.
B. The design and placement of all compact spaces are subject to the review of the Director of Community Development.
C. The location of all compact spaces shall be readily identified and grouped in one or a series of locations.
D. For nonresidential uses, up to ten percent (10%) of the total parking spaces may be compact spaces.
(e) Parking for Handicapped Persons.
(1) Parking spaces for handicapped and elderly persons shall meet the requirements of the Accessible Parking Guide published by the Secretary of State of Ohio, which outlines requirements of the most recent ADA Standards for Accessible Design.
(2) Each handicap space may be included in the computation of spaces required by this chapter.
(f) Electric Charging Stations. Electric charging stations are permitted to be located in any approved off-street parking space, in any zoning district.
(g) Ride Share Waiting Zone. Ride share waiting zones are permitted in the GB District.
(h) Alternative Parking Solutions.
(1) Shared or Off-Site Parking. A portion of the required parking spaces may be located on an adjacent or nearby property if the parking area complies with the following standards.
A. Shared parking is encouraged and permitted if the multiple uses that the shared parking will benefit can cooperatively establish and operate the facilities.
B. Off-site parking shall not be used to satisfy the off-street parking standards for residential uses.
C. Required parking spaces reserved for persons with disabilities shall not be located in an off-site parking area.
D. Shared or off-site parking shall not be permitted on a vacant lot in a residential zoning district unless permitted by the BZA as part of a conditional use review.
E. Shared or off-site parking areas shall adhere to the regulations of the same or a more intensive zoning classification than that required for the use served.
F. In the event that a shared or off-site parking area is located on multiple parcels, a written parking agreement shall be required and must be approved by the Director of Community Development.
G. No shared or off-site parking space shall be located more than 500 feet from the primary entrance of the use served, measured along the shortest legal, practical walking route. This route may include crossing a right-of-way provided it uses a legal crosswalk.
H. The applicant shall have the burden of proof for reduction of the total number of parking spaces and shall document and submit information substantiating their request. Shared or off-site parking may be approved if it complies with the following standards:
i. A sufficient number of spaces shall be provided to meet the highest demand of the participating uses.
ii. Evidence shall be submitted by the parties operating the shared parking area, to the satisfaction of the Director of Community Development, documenting the nature of uses and the times when the individual uses will operate so as to demonstrate the lack of potential conflict between the users of the parking spaces.
iii. Shared or off-site parking shall not account for more than fifty percent (50%) of the required parking spaces as established in Section 1121.04(a).
iv. Any change in use of the activities served by a shared or off-site parking area will be deemed an amendment to the shared or off-site parking area plan and will require review and approval by the Director of Community Development.
v. All shared or off-site parking plans and agreements shall be provided to the Director of Community Development prior to any certificate of zoning approval being issued. Such plans and agreements continue to apply to the land, regardless of future ownership.
(2) Land Banked Parking. Up to fifty percent (50%) of the required parking spaces may remain landscaped and unpaved, or paved with pervious pavement, provided that the parking and unpaved areas comply with the following standards and are authorized in accordance with this section. See Figure 1121-C, below.
Figure 1121-C: The parking lot shown on the left is a traditional parking lot with interior parking islands while the parking lot on the right illustrates where an area is unimproved but is designated for future parking spaces if the demand arises.
A. The parking plan submitted with the site plan application shall denote the location and layout of that portion of the parking area that currently is deemed not required. The plan shall indicate that the "land banked" parking spaces will be constructed according to these regulations if the Director of Community Development determines at any time that all or any portion of this parking is necessary.
B. The applicant shall be required to design the site for full compliance with the applicable stormwater regulations, lighting regulations, and landscaping regulations even though a portion of the parking area may not be developed initially.
C. Any conditions required by the City, and the design for the site as established above, shall be illustrated on a final site plan, approved as part of the certificate of zoning approval application and maintained as part of the City's official records.
D. At no time shall any portion of the land banked parking area that is designated for future development be used for the construction of any structure or paved surface with the exception that pervious pavement may be used to provide temporary parking, provided that the pavers allow for grass and other vegetation to grow through the material.
E. At no time shall any portion of the land banked parking or loading area that is so designated for future construction as provided herein be counted as open space or other non-paved areas required by other provisions of this code.
F. The owner shall initiate construction of the approved land banked parking area(s), as identified on the approved parking plan, within three months of the receipt of a certified letter or a letter through normal postal service (if the certified letter is not accepted) sent to the owner of record from the Director of Community Development, identifying that such parking is determined to be necessary. Such determination may be made when the Director of Community Development:
i. Is reviewing an application related to a change of use or activity; or
ii. Documents that vehicles related to the use are consistently parked on the grass, landscaping area, or on the street.
G. Off-site or shared parking alternatives shall not be permitted where land bank parking is utilized.
(Ord. 2022-22. Passed 5-10-22.)