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Newport, KY Code of Ordinances
CITY OF NEWPORT, KENTUCKY CODE OF ORDINANCES
PREFACE
ADOPTING ORDINANCE
TITLE I: GENERAL PROVISIONS
TITLE III: ADMINISTRATION
TITLE V: MISCELLANEOUS
TITLE VII: TRAFFIC CODE
TITLE IX: GENERAL REGULATIONS
TITLE XI: BUSINESS REGULATIONS
TITLE XIII: GENERAL OFFENSES
TITLE XV: LAND USAGE
TABLE OF SPECIAL ORDINANCES
PARALLEL REFERENCES
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ARTICLE XIII
OFF STREET PARKING AND ACCESS CONTROL REGULATIONS
SECTION 13.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:
In all zones, off street parking facilities for the storage or parking of motor vehicles for use of occupants, employees, and patrons of the building hereafter erected, altered, or extended, and all uses of the land after the effective date of this ordinance, shall be provided and maintained as herein prescribed. However, where a building permit has been issued prior to the date of adoption of this ordinance and provided that construction has been begun within ninety (90) consecutive calendar days of such effective date, off street parking facilities in the amounts required by this ordinance shall prevail.
   Computation of Parking Spaces In determining the number of parking spaces required, if such spaces result in fractional parts thereof, the number of said spaces required shall be construed to be the next highest whole number.
   Additional Parking Spaces to be Provided Whenever the intensity of use of any building, structure, or premises shall be increased through addition of dwelling units, gross floor area, seating capacity, change of use, or other units of measurement specified herein, additional parking spaces shall be provided in the amounts hereafter specified for that use, if the existing parking space is inadequate to serve such increase in intensity of use.
SECTION 13.1 DISTRICT PARKING REQUIREMENTS:
   A.   Residential Zones:
      1.   Single-Family Residential Zone (R-1) and (R-2H); and Single-Family and Two-Family Residential Zones (R-2 and R-3): Off street parking may be permitted in driveways in the front, side, and rear yards of permitted uses in the R-1 and R-3 Zones and in the rear yard in the R-2 Zone, provided all requirements of this ordinance are met. No off street parking area, located in the front yard in a single family residential zone, may exceed 400 square feet (two parking spaces) except, however, the zoning administrator may allow additional off street parking spaces to be located thereon provided that the additional parking spaces will not cause the ratio of unpaved area to paved area (parking and driveway areas) in the front yard to be less than 3:1. Where single or two family dwellings, which are permitted herein and are existing at the time of adoption of this Ordinance, occupy a lot of such size that off street parking could not be provided on the same lot or zoning lot as the use being served, said off street parking may be permitted to locate within a distance not to exceed three hundred (300) feet from said dwelling or dwellings upon approval of the Zoning Administrator. In addition, said off street parking lot shall be located in the same zone as the use being served and constructed in accordance with SECTION 13.0 of this Ordinance. Off street parking as required for conditional uses permitted in the Residential (R) Zones may be permitted to locate on another site other than the same site as the conditionally permitted use is located, when approved by the Board of Adjustment, provided that said parking is located within reasonable walking distance to the conditionally permitted use and available at all times, exclusively for the use being served.
      2.   Multi Family Residential Zones:
         a.   R-2 and R-3 Districts: No off-street parking may be permitted in front yards in this zone except for drive-ways connecting a rear parking area. However, only the Board of Adjustments may, in its discretion, permit the ratio of unpaved area to paved area (parking and drive-way area) to be less than a three to one ration.
         b.   R-4 and R-5: Off street parking may be permitted in side or rear yards of permitted uses in these zones, provided that off street parking facilities shall be set back a minimum of ten (10) feet from the rear lot line. Off street parking may be permitted in required front yard, only if approved according to an approved development plan.
         Multi-family dwellings existing at the time of adoption of this Ordinance may supply off street parking within three hundred (300) feet from such lot or zoning lot served upon approval of the Planning and Zoning Commission, providing that such off street parking is located within the same zone as the establishment being served and that off street parking requirements of this Ordinance are complied with at all times. Further, the applicant must also show sufficient proof that such off street parking facilities would be impossible to provide the required off street parking space, as required herein, on the same lot or zoning lot or contiguous to the same lot or zoning lot as the building being served.
   B.   Special Development Zones (CO, PUD, and CCO) off street parking shall be located as designated on the approved development plan.
   C.   Commercial and Industrial Zones: (CBD, SC, NC, PO, CBDF, RFD, I-1 and I-2): All off street parking facilities shall be located on the same lot or zoning lot as the building served except for the following:
      Off street parking facilities for uses permitted in the CBD, RFD, PO, MC and CBDF Zone may be located on another zoning lot than the building or use being served is located providing such off street parking requirements of this Ordinance are complied with at all times. Off street parking shall be provided within six hundred and fifty (650) feet of the building or use for which the parking is provided. Any use permitted in an industrial zone may supply off street parking on the same lot or zoning lot, or within three hundred (300) feet from such lot or zoning lot served upon approval of the Planning and Zoning Commission, providing that such off street parking is located within the same zone as the establishment being served and that off street parking requirements of this Ordinance are complied with at all times. Further, the applicant must also show sufficient proof that such off street parking space would be impossible to provide, as required herein, on the same lot or zoning lot or contiguous to the same lot or zoning lot as the building being served.
   D.   Other Requirements
      1.   Collective Parking Provision Collective off street parking facilities shall not be less than would otherwise be individually required.
      2.   Driveways Not Computed As Part of Required Parking Area Entrances, exits, or driveways shall not be computed as any part of a required parking lot or area, except in the case of single family residential zones, where access driveways may be used for parking.
      3.   Off Street Parking Space To Be Used For Parking only any vehicle parking space shall be used for parking only. Any other use of such space, including repair work or servicing of any kind other than in an emergency, or the requirement of any payment for the use of such space, shall be deemed to constitute a separate commercial use in violation of the provisions of this ordinance.
      4.   No Building To Be Erected in Off Street Parking Space No building of any kind shall be erected in any off street lot except a parking garage containing parking spaces equal to the requirements set forth in this section of the ordinance or a shelter house booth for parking attendant providing the number of spaces required are not reduced.
      5.   Parking Plan Approval Required Plans for all parking lot facilities, including parking garages, shall be submitted to the zoning administrator for review and for compliance with the provisions of this ordinance and such other pertinent ordinances of the City. Such plans shall show the number of spaces and arrangements of parking aisles, location of access points onto adjacent streets, provisions for vehicular and pedestrian circulation, location of sidewalks and curbs on or adjacent to the property, utilities, location of shelters for parking attendant, locations of signs, typical cross sections of pavement, including base and sub base; (in accordance with Appendix A attached hereto and made part of this Ordinance by reference) and proposed grade of parking lot, storm drainage facilities, location and type of lighting facilities and such other information or plans as the circumstances may warrant. Where such parking plans include provisions for access points to adjacent streets, then said plan shall also be prepared in accordance with the requirements of Section 13.3.
(Am. Ord. O-04-05, passed 5-17-2004)
SECTION 13.2 DESIGN AND LAYOUT OF OFF STREET PARKING AREAS:
   A.   Size of Off Street Parking Spaces for the purposes of this ordinance, one (1) parking space shall be a minimum of nine (9) feet in width and eighteen (18) feet in length, exclusive of access drives or aisles. Such parking space shall have a vertical clearance of at least seven (7) feet.
   B.   Width of Access Drives all off street parking areas shall be laid out with the following minimum aisle or access drive widths:
      1.   Ninety (90) degree (perpendicular) parking Twenty-five (25) feet (either one or two way circulation).
      2.   Sixty (60) degree (angle) parking Fifteen (15) feet (one-way circulation only).
      3.   Forty five (45) degree (angle) parking Twelve (12) feet (one-way circulation only).
      4.   Thirty (30) degree (angle) parking Twelve (12) feet (one-way circulation only).
      5.   Zero (0) degree (parallel) parking Twelve (12) feet (one-way circulation).
      When any combination of these types of parking is used (facing the same aisle) the most restricted aisle or access drive width requirements shall prevail). In addition, a two-foot overhang may be permitted on the external sides of a parking area. If the width of the parking space is increased (over 9 feet), the drive aisle width can be decreased proportionally (2 foot width in drive aisle per 1 foot increase in space width) except that a drive aisle for 2 way traffic may not be decreased below 20 feet in width and a drive aisle for 1 way traffic may not be decreased below 11 feet in width.
   C.   Access to Off Street Parking Spaces Each required parking space shall be connected with a deeded public right of way by means of aisles or access drives as required by SECTION 13.2(B). The parking area shall be so designed as to ensure that all maneuvering into and out of each parking space shall take place entirely within property lines of lots, garages and/or storage areas. All driveways are to be paved or asphalt.
   D.   Off Street Parking Areas in Multi Family, Commercial, or Industrial Zones All such parking areas shall have a protective wall and/or bumper blocks around the perimeter of said parking area and shall be so designed that all vehicles leaving the facility will be traveling forward to approaching traffic. All parking shall be effectively screened on each side adjoining or fronting on any property situated in a zone permitting single family residential development, by a solid wall, fence, or densely planted compact hedge as regulated by SECTION 9.16 of this ordinance. Ground cover shrubs and trees shall be located and maintained so as to not interfere with vehicular and pedestrian traffic on the property or with sign distance clearance at entrances and exits.
   E.   Lighting any lighting used to illuminate off street parking areas shall not glare upon any right of way or adjacent property.
   F.   Paving of New Off Street Parking Area All new off street parking areas shall be paved with asphalt concrete or concrete and shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Appendix A attached hereto and made part of this Ordinance by reference, or other suitable surface approved by the Zoning Administrator.
SECTION 13.3 SPECIFIC OFF STREET PARKING REQUIREMENTS:
The amount of off street parking space required for uses, building, or additions and changes in intensity of uses thereto shall be determined according to the following requirements, and the space, so required, shall be stated in the application for a zoning and building permit and shall be reserved for such use. Where more than one use is located in the same building, each individual use shall be in accordance with the off street parking requirements of this section of the ordinance.
TABLE 12
SPECIFIC OFF-STREET PARKING REQUIREMENTS
 
TYPE OF USES
REQUIRED NUMBER OF PARKING SPACES
TABLE 12
SPECIFIC OFF-STREET PARKING REQUIREMENTS
 
TYPE OF USES
REQUIRED NUMBER OF PARKING SPACES
A.
Airport, railroad passenger stations and bus terminals
One (1) parking space per each four (4) seating accommodations for waiting passengers, plus one (1) parking space per each two (2) employees on shift of largest employment.
B.
Automobile service stations
One (1) space for each gas pump island, plus two (2) spaces for each working day, plus one (1) parking space for each employee on largest shift.
C.
Beauty parlors and/or barber shops
Two (2) parking spaces per barber and/or beauty shop operator.
D.
Bowling establishments
Five (5) parking spaces for each lane: plus one (1) space for each two (2) employees on shift of largest employment.
E.
Car Wash
One (1) parking space for each employee, plus one (1) space per owner or manager and reservoir space equal to five (5) times the capacity of laundry.
F.
City and/or county government
One (1) parking space for each two hundred (200) square offices feet of gross floor area.
G.
Commercial event center
One (1) parking space per one hundred fifty (150) square feet of FGA, plus one (1) parking space for each two (2) employees on shift of largest employment.
H.
Commercial or trade schools
One (1) parking space for each two (2) students based on design capacity of school, plus one (1) parking space for each employee.
I.
Convalescent homes, nursing homes, rest homes, homes for the aged, and orphanages
One (1) parking space for two (2) beds, plus one (1) space for each two (2) employees or staff members, including nurses, on the shift of largest employment plus one (1) parking space per doctor.
J.
Dance halls, pool and billiard halls and exhibition halls without fixed seats
One (1) parking space for each one hundred (100) square feet of floor area used for dancing or assembly, or one (1) space for each four (4) persons based on design capacity, whichever is greater, plus one (1) space for each two (2) employees on shift of largest employment.
K
Dormitories, Fraternities, Sorority houses and other group housing
One (1) parking space per each two residents, plus one (1) parking space per owner or operator; plus one (1) parking space per employee; or one (1) parking space for each two seats for membership meetings, whichever is greater, based on design capacity.
L
Dwellings:
One Family two (2) parking spaces. Two Family four (4) parking spaces, with individual access for each dwelling unit, or a joint access in which no parking is permitted on the access drive.
M
Dwellings: Multi-Family
   1.   One (1) parking space for every one-bedroom dwelling unit and two (2) spaces for every dwelling unit with two (2) or more bedrooms.
 
 
   2.   For multi-family units designed for occupancy by the elderly only one (1) space per each two (2) dwelling units.
N.
Establishments for sale and consumption on the premises of alcoholic beverages, food and refreshments, or for take home food services (including night clubs)
One (1) parking space per each:
 
 
   1.   30 square feet of gross floor dining area in a drive-in restaurant;
 
 
   2.   140 square feet of gross dining area in a carry-out restaurant.
 
 
   3.   40 square feet of gross floor dining area or two (2) seating accommodations, based on maximum seating capacity, whichever is greater, in a combination restaurant;
 
 
   4.   Two (2) seating accommodations, based on maximum seating capacity, in a sit-down restaurant.
 
 
   5.   Plus one (1) parking space per each two (2) employees on shift of largest employment in any type restaurant.
O.
Fire stations
One (1) parking space per each person on duty on largest shift
P.
Hospitals
One (1) parking space for each two (2) beds, plus one (1) space for each two (2) employees, or staff members, including nurses, on the shift of largest employment, plus one (1) parking space per doctor.
Q.
Laundromats
One (1) parking space for each two (2) washing machines, plus one (1) parking space for each employee.
R.
Libraries, museums and and art galleries
One (1) parking space per each four (4) seats in rooms for public assembly or one (1) parking space for each fifty (50) square feet of gross floor area for use by the public, whichever is greater, plus one (1) space for each two employees on shift of largest employment.
S.
Medical offices and/or clinics
Five (5) parking spaces per each practitioner plus one (1) parking space per each two (2) employees or one (1) parking space per each two hundred (200) square feet of gross floor area in the building, plus one (1) parking space for each two (2) employees, whichever is greater.
T.
Mortuaries or funeral homes
One (1) parking space for each four (4) seats in the main chapel or public assembly area based on maximum seating capacity, plus one (1) parking space for each funeral vehicle and employee, or in the case of no fixed seats, one (1) parking space for each fifty (50) square feet of floor area in on parlors or service rooms, or one (1) parking space for each four (4) persons, based on designed capacity of building, whichever is greater, plus one (1) parking space for each funeral vehicle and employee.
U.
Offices for professional, business and financial, real estate, and business purposes other than medical offices and/or clinics
One (1) parking space for each two hundred fifty (250) square feet of gross floor area.
V.
Post Offices
One (1) parking space for each four hundred (400) square feet of gross floor area, plus one (1) parking space for each two (2) employees on the shift of largest employment; plus one (1) space for each vehicle operating from the premises.
W.
Boarding houses and lodge halls
One (1) parking space for each guest sleeping room, or one (1) parking space per each four (4) fixed seats in the main assembly area, whichever is greater, plus one (1) parking space for each two (2) employees, or in the case of no fixed seats, one (1) parking space for each two (2) employees.
X.
Retail and personal service stores
4 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross leasable area.
Y.
Schools - Elementary, junior high and equivalent, private or parochial schools
One (1) parking space per teacher and administrator or one (1) space for each four (4) seats in the auditorium, stadium, and other places of assembly of facilities available to the public based on maximum seating capacity, whichever is greater.
Z.
Schools - Senior high, trade and vocational, colleges and universities and equivalent private or parochial schools
Six (6) spaces per each room to be used for class instruction or administrative offices or one (1) space for each four (4) seats in the auditorium, stadium, and other places of assembly or facilities available to the public based on maximum seating capacity, whichever is greater.
AA.
Shopping Centers
5.5 parking spaces per 1,000 feet of gross leasable area.
BB.
Stadium and sports arenas
One (1) parking space for each four (4) seats, based on a maximum seating capacity, plus one (1) additional space for each two (2) employees on shift of largest employment
CC.
Theaters, auditoriums, churches and places of assembly with fixed seats
One (1) parking space for each four (4) seats, based on a maximum seating capacity, plus one (1) additional space for each two (2) employees on shift of largest employment.
DD.
Theaters, auditoriums, churches and places of assembly without fixed seats
One (1) parking space per four (4) people based on designed capacity of building, or one (1) parking space per one hundred (100) square feet in main auditorium or assembly area, whichever is greater, plus one (1) parking space for each two (2) employees on shift of largest employment.
EE.
Tourist homes, cabins, motels or hotels, excluding areas used for meeting rooms and places of assembly
One (1) parking space for each sleeping room or suite, plus one (1) space per each two (2) employees on shift of largest employment.
FF.
Industrial establishments, including manufacturing research and testing laboratories
Two (2) parking spaces for each three (3) employees the total number of parking spaces being the total number of employees on any two (2) consecutive shifts having the largest number of employees, based on designed capacity, plus one (1) parking space for each company vehicle operating from the premises.
GG.
Wholesale establishments, warehouses and storage buildings
One (1) parking space for each employee, plus one (1) parking space for each company vehicle operating from the premises.
HH.
All other Uses Not Listed Herein
Based on study to be prepared by owner or operator, number of spaces to be required determined according to:
 
 
   (a)    Type of use and estimated number of total trips generated during peak conditions (inbound and outbound); and
 
 
   (b)    Estimated parking duration per vehicle trip (turnover rates). Based on estimated number of trips generated and average parking duration per trip, calculate number of spaces required, plus one (1) space to be provided for each two (2) employees based on shift of maximum employment.
 
(Am. Ord. O-2020-006, passed 3-10-2020)
SECTION 13.4 ACCESS CONTROL REGULATIONS
In order to promote greater safety of passage between highway and land; improve the convenience and ease of movement of travelers on the highway; permit reasonable speeds and economy of travel; and increase and protect the capacity of the highway, the location and design of access points shall be in accordance with the following access control requirements. These requirements shall apply to all arterial and collector type streets, as identified in the adopted comprehensive plan:
   A.   Coordination of Access Points: Major access points on opposite side of the arterial and collector streets shall be located opposite each other, otherwise turning movement restrictions may be imposed by the Planning and Zoning Commission or Zoning Administrator, whichever is applicable. In addition, in order to maximize the efficient utilization of access points, and make possible the coordination of access with and between adjacent properties developed (present or future) for similar uses. As a condition of approval for construction, use, or reuse of any access road, the zoning administrator may require that unobstructed and unencumbered access, in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance, be provided from any such access point to adjacent properties.
   B.   Spacing Restrictions for Signalized Access Points: Access points which will warrant signalization shall be spaced a minimum distance of one quarter mile apart. The exact location of the signal light shall be determined by a traffic engineering study, which shall at least account for the following variables:
      1.   Speed;
      2.   Traffic signal phasing;
      3.   Traffic signal cycle length;
      4.   Roadway geometrics; and
      5.   Accident experience.
      Provision for all turning movements to maintain the design capacity of the roadway shall be required.
   C.   Sight Distance: The location of access points shall comply with safe sight distance requirements as provided in Table 13. The centerline of all access points shall intersect as nearly at a ninety (90) degree angle as possible but in no case shall the angle of intersection be less than seventy five (75) degrees or greater than one hundred five (105) degrees, unless approved by the Planning and Zoning Commission or Zoning Administrator, whichever is applicable, due to certain exceptional conditions.
   D.   Location of Unsignalized Access Points:
      1.   Unsignalized access points shall be spaced a minimum distance of two hundred (200) feet apart. Turning restriction may be required.
      2.   Two access points per 400 feet of street frontage will be permitted; however, if the spacing requirements for a direct access point onto an arterial street (as provided in D, 1, above) cannot be met, then an access point may be located on a frontage road or on an intersection local street, or share a common driveway that meets the spacing requirements. In order for the intersecting local street or frontage road to function properly, access onto them should be controlled as follows:
         (a)   Access points onto local streets, intersections, and arterial street shall be spaced a minimum distance of fifty (50) feet, measured from point of curb return to point of curb return, from arterial street.
         (b)   In areas zoned to permit commercial, industrial, or multi family residential use, access points from adjacent properties onto frontage roads, shall be no less than fifty (50) feet measured from point of curb return to point of curb return from intersections of the frontage road with local or collector streets.
         (c)   If a tract of land has no means of access that would meet the requirements of this section of the ordinance, one access point shall be provided. However, all such access points shall be considered a temporary right of way and may be terminated, reduced, limited to certain turning movements or caused to be relocated by the zoning administrator at such time as the particular use served by the access point changes and/or the property is otherwise provided an alternate means of access via a frontage road or an intersection, local street, or sharing of a common driveway. Provisions for the construction of a frontage road, restricted turning movements, or other improvements, may be required, as a condition to approval, in order to minimize the number of access points and congestion to the adjacent street. In all cases where said access points are classified as "temporary", such designation shall be duly noted on the plot plan or site plan submitted for a zoning permit and also upon the deed of the property in question.
   E.   Width of Access Points:
      1.   In residential zones, no access point width shall be less than nine (9) feet, nor more than twenty (20) feet. In all other zones, access points shall not be less than twelve (12) feet, nor more than forty eight (48) feet in width. The width shall be as measured from the point of curb return to point of curb return (or edge of pavement if no curb exists) excluding the curb radius.
      2.   The zoning administrator may modify (enlarge or reduce) the width to provide for a more efficient and safe channelization and/or flow of traffic.
   F.   Exceptions to Access Points Requirements: Where situations develop that may require special treatment, the requirements as provided in Section 13.3, A G, may be varied by the Planning and Zoning Commission provided that a traffic engineering report is prepared by a qualified traffic engineer, establishing that the special treatment will have no adverse effects on the roadway safety and capacity.
   G.   Access Point Problem Areas: If after special study, it is determined that the type of use or activity proposed would have an adverse effect on the safety and capacity of the adjacent roadway, the access point spacing requirements as contained in this section, may have to be increased in order to adequately solve the traffic movement.
   H.   Approval of Access Points and Curb Cuts Required: As regulated by SECTION 9.19 of this Ordinance, Plans for all access points and modifications thereto, (including plans to use existing access points and where a change of use for any tract of land would generate more traffic than the previous use) shall be submitted to the zoning administrator at a scale not less than 1 inch = 100 feet. Such plans shall show the location of all access points, and access points within 600 feet in either direction. The proposed access point shall include typical cross sections of pavement, the base and subbase, proposed grade and storm drainage and such other information or plans as the circumstances may warrant. If such access points are being located in conjunction with off street parking and/or loading and unloading facilities, then said plans shall also include parking and off street loading and/or unloading plans, in accordance with SECTIONS 13.0 and 14.0 of this Ordinance.
   I.   Approval of Access Points Along State Maintained Routes by Kentucky Department of Transportation: A copy of the plan for all access points to be constructed along a state maintained route shall also be submitted to the Kentucky Department of Transportation for review and approval during the same time as plans are submitted to the zoning administrator, as provided for in Section 13.4. No access point plans shall be approved or permits issued for construction by the zoning administrator, until said access point plans have been approved by the Kentucky Department of Transportation.
SECTION 13.5 VARIANCES
The foregoing subsections of Article XIII shall be subject to the same provisions regarding variances there from as provided by all the provisions regarding Sections 18.6 and 18.7 of this Ordinance.
 
TABLE 13
SIGHT DISTANCE FOR VEHICLES EXITING FROM ACCESS POINTS ONTO ADJACENT ROADS
D = DISTANCE ALONG MAJOR ROAD FROM ACCESS POINT TO ALLOW VEHICLE TO ENTER SAFELY
(DISTANCES IN FEET)
20 MPH
30 MPH
40 MPH
50 MPH
60 MPH
VEH TYPE
2 Lane
4 or 6 Lane
2 Lane
4 or 6 Lane
2 Lane
4 or 6 Lane
2 Lane
4 or 6 Lane
2 Lane
4 or 6 Lane
DL
DR
DL
DR
DL
DR
DL
DR
DL
DR
DL
DR
DL
DR
DL
DR
DL
DR
DL
DR
Pass Car
150
130
130
130
360
320
220
260
530
440
380
440
740
700
620
700
950
1,050
950
1,050
Truck
300
200
200
200
500
400
400
400
850
850
850
508
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
 
 
TABLE 14
LEFT TURN DISTANCE FOR VEHICLES ENTERING ACCESS POINTS
S = SIGHT DISTANCE ALONG MAJOR ROUTE FOR VEHICLE TO SAFELY TURN LEFT INTO ACCESS POINT
(DISTANCES IN FEET)
20 MPH
30 MPH
40 MPH
50 MPH
60 MPH
VEH TYPE
2 Lane
4 Lane
6 Lane
2 Lane
4 Lane
6 Lane
2 Lane
4 Lane
6 Lane
2 Lane
4 Lane
6 Lane
2 Lane
4 Lane
6 Lane
Pass Car
150
160
170
230
250
270
370
390
420
520
550
580
700
740
780
Truck
260
260
300
400
440
480
570
620
670
810
880
950
1,000
1,100
1,200
 
Values are for urban conditions. On rural streets, distances are to be increased by 10 Percent to allow for longer drive reaction time. The sight distances apply when street grades are zero to 3.0 percent (either up or down). When an upgrade is steeper than 3.0 percent, adjustments are to made to compensate for the longer time required to reach the speed of highway traffic. The time is less than shown when the highway is descending. Adjustment factors below apply to grades only in that portion of the road between the access points and the downstream point at which a vehicle emerging from the access points has been able to accelerate to within ten miles per hour of the route speed. When the street, in the section to be used for acceleration after leaving the access point, ascends at 3 to 4 percent, then sight distances in the direction of approaching ascending traffic are to be increased by a factor of 4.1. When the access point ascends at 5 to 6 percent, sight distance should be increased by a factor of 1.7. When the road in the section to be used for acceleration after leaving the access point descends at 3 to 4 percent, sight distance in the direction of approaching descending highway traffic should be reduced by a factor of 0.6. If the road descends at 5 to 6 percent, sight distance should be reduced by a factor of 0.5. When the criteria for sight distances to the right cannot be met, the need can be eliminated by prohibiting left turns by exiting vehicles.
APPENDIX A
SURFACING SPECIFICATIONS
1.   ASPHALT -CONCRETE PAVEMENT:
   (a)   General Design Requirements:
      (1)   Asphalt concrete pavements shall consist of specified thickness of asphalt concrete surface course and a base course, or courses, all constructed on prepared subgrade. Pavement thickness required shall be determined from Table 15 of this Ordinance for the appropriate subgrade soil and traffic use.
      (2)   Paved areas shall be so designed and constructed that water will quickly drain from the surface and be conducted away from the area through approved systems. For large paved areas, approved catch basins and storm drainage systems shall be provided.
      (3)   When the pavement includes a granular base, and the pavement is not constructed over granular subgrade, perimeter subsurface drainage shall be provided to prevent lateral flow of water into the base course and to provide for removal of seepage water than may enter the base.
      (4)   Successive layers of the pavement shall be offset from the edge of the underlying layer a distance equal to the course thickness of the lower layer except when abutting existing construction. When the asphalt layers of the pavement abuts a building foundation, barrier curb or similar vertical surface, the abutting surface shall be heavily painted with liquid asphalt prior to construction of the asphalt course.
   (b)   Construction Materials and Procedures:
      (1)   Subsurface Drainage
         (a)   Drainage tile, six (6) inch perforated tile or other approved types of similar capacity, where required by the Planning and Zoning Commission, or its duly authorized representative, shall be bedded at a depth of not less than twelve (12) inches below the bottom elevation of the granular base course. Aggregate for bedding and backfill shall all pass a 3/8 inch sieve and have not more than five (5) percent passing a No. 200 sieve. The slope of subsurface drains shall be not less than six (6) inches per one hundred (100) feet. All such drains shall be properly connected to outlet drains or to open ditches.
 
TABLE 15
THICKNESS REQUIREMENTS OF SURFACE AND BASE COURSES
FOR AUTOMOBILE AND TRUCK PARKING FACILITY PAVEMENTS*
TYPE OF VEHICLE
SOIL CLASSIFICATION
THICKNESS OF SURFACE AND BASE
INCHES
Asphalt Base
Type I or II
Granular Base
Type III or IV
Automobile Parking Facilities
ABC
1-41-51-6
2-42-52-6
3-43-63-8
Truck Parking Facilities
ABC
1-61-71-8
2-62-72-8
4-64-84-10
 
*   Thickness of surface and base is shown for each soil classification and street classification. The first number indicates the minimum thickness of asphalt concrete, which may be comprised of Asphalt Concrete Surface Course, Type I or II, if the surface course does not exceed two (2) inches. When surface thickness is more than two (2) inches, Asphalt Concrete Base I or II, as specified in Table 15, may be used for all but the upper one (1) inch wearing course, which must be Asphalt Concrete Surface Course I, or II, as specified in Table 15. The second figure indicates the thickness of base course of the type indicated. For example, 1 4 indicates one (1) inch surface and four (4) inches base.
**   Soils are classified into three (3) groups indicating their relative effectiveness as subgrade.
   A.   Granular soils that drain well; sand, gravel or combination of sand and gravel.
   B.   Silty clays, or lean clays, that retain considerable strength when wet. These are average subgrade soils.
   C.   Heavy clay soils that lose most of their strength when wet.
      (1)   All catch basins, in pavement with granular base, shall be constructed with weep holes, at subbase level, to provide for drainage of seepage water from the granular layer. Weep holes shall be constructed of pipe, or other material, having an opening not less than 1.5 inches clear opening. Suitable provision shall be made to prevent clogging of the opening. Three or more weep holes shall be suitably located around the perimeter of each catch basin.
      (2)   Base courses shall consist of one or more of the following materials. Construction procedures shall conform to the requirements applicable to the base course selected.
         (a)   Asphalt Concrete Base Course Materials and construction shall conform to the current requirements of the Kentucky Department of Highways' Specifications for Asphalt Concrete Base Course, Class I except as noted herein:
            (aa)   Composition requirements of the mixture shall conform to the gradation limits for Asphalt Concrete Base Course I or II set forth in Table 4 of this Ordinance. Asphalt content used shall fall within the range shown and shall be approved by the Planning and Zoning Commission, or its duly authorized representative.
            (bb)   Uncrushed gravel and natural sand may be used as aggregate provided all other requirements of specification are complied with.
         (b)   Asphalt Treated Base Course Materials and construction procedures shall conform to the following requirements:
            (aa)   Aggregates may be crushed or uncrushed material conforming to the gradation requirements, shown in Table 4 of this Ordinance for either Base II or Base IV. The aggregate shall be composed of hard, durable particles and shall contain no more than a total of five (5) percent deleterious substances. In addition, the Sand Equivalent of the aggregate shall not be less than twenty five (25) when tested in accordance with AASHO Designation: T 176 56. The contractor shall set a single gradation and asphalt content, which in the specified limits, as the Job Mix Formula to be used on the project. This formula must be approved by the Planning and Zoning Commission, or its duly authorized representative, prior to use. Gradation and asphalt content may vary during construction within the following tolerances:
               % Passing 3/4" or 3/8" Sieve    ± 10%
               % Passing No. 8 Sieve    ± 8%
               % Passing No. 50 Sieve    ± 6%
               % Passing No. 100 Sieve    ± 3%
               % Asphalt          ± .4%
            (bb)   Other construction requirements shall conform to those specified by the Kentucky Department of Highways for Asphalt Concrete except that a gradation unit on the plant shall not be required provided the aggregate can be controlled by other means to produce a consistently uniform gradation.
         (c)   Crushed Stone Base Course:
            (aa)   Crushed stone base course shall conform to the all-current requirements of the Kentucky Department for Dense Graded Aggregate Base Course.
      (3)   Asphalt Concrete Surface Course Materials and construction shall conform to the current requirements of the Kentucky Department of Highways for Asphalt Concrete Surface, Class I. Surface course mixture composition may conform to requirements of either Surface Course I or II as set forth in Table 4 of this Ordinance. Minimum course thickness shall be as stated in Table 4 of this Ordinance.
      (4)   Asphalt Prime and Tack Coat:
         (a)   Asphalt prime shall conform to the Kentucky Department of Highways' requirements for Cutback Asphalt Emulsion Primer Type L. Prime shall be applied to the surface of granular base course at a rate of 0.20 to 0.40 gallons per square yard.
         (b)   Tack coat shall consist of SS 1h, meeting the current requirements of the Kentucky Department of Highways. It shall, when directed by the Planning and Zoning Commission, or it duly authorized representative, be diluted with equal part of water. Application equipment and procedure shall conform to the requirements of the Kentucky Department of Highways for Tack Coats. Tack coat shall be applied, upon direction of the Planning and Zoning Commission, or its duly authorized representative, to the surface of asphalt courses that have become dusty or dry from traffic use before the subsequent course could be placed or in other circumstances when the Planning and Zoning Commission, or its duly authorized representative so directs.
2.   Soil Cement Base Course (with Asphalt Concrete Surface):
   a.   Description - soil cement base course shall consist of soil and cement uniformly mixed, moistened, compacted, finished and cured in accordance with the specifications herein, and it shall conform to the lines, grades, thicknesses and typical cross section shown on the plans.
   b.   Materials:
      (1)   Cement - cement shall comply with the latest specifications for cement, AASHO M85, M134, M151; or ASTM C150, C175, C205; or Federal SS C 192b, SS C 218 for the type specified. One (1) cubic foot of portland cement shall be considered to weight 94 lb. or 1 bbl. of cement shall be considered to weigh 376 lb.
      (2)   Water - water shall be free from substances deleterious to the hardening of the soil cement.
      (3)   Soil - soil shall consist of the material existing in the area to be paved, of approved selected soil, or of a combination of these materials proportioned as directed. The soil shall not contain gravel or stone retained on a three (3) inch sieve.
   c.   Construction Methods:
      (1)   Preparation - unsuitable soil or material shall be removed and replaced with acceptable soil. The subgrade shall be firm so as to support, without displacement, the construction equipment and the compaction hereinafter specified. Soft or yielding subgrade shall be corrected and made stable, before construction proceeds.
      (2)   Pulverization - the soil shall be so pulverized that, at the completion of moist mixing, 100 percent by dry weight passes a one inch (1") sieve, and a minimum of 80 percent passes a No. 4 sieve, exclusive of gravel or stone retained on these sieves.
      (3)   Cement Application, Mixing and Spreading - mixing of the soil, cement, and water shall be accomplished either by the mixed in place or the central plant mixed method.    No cement or soil cement mixture shall be spread when the soil or subgrade is frozen or when the air temperature is less than 40 degrees F. in the shade. The percentage of moisture in the soil, at the time of cement application, shall not exceed the quantity that will permit a uniform and intimate mixture of soil and cement during mixing operations, and it shall not exceed the specified optimum moisture content for the soil cement mixture. Any soil and cement mixture that has not been compacted and finished shall not remain undisturbed for more than 30 minutes. The soil cement base course shall have a thickness of not less than six (6) inches.
      (4)   Compaction - at the start of compaction, the percentage of moisture in the mixture and in unpulverized soil lumps, based on oven dry weights, shall not be below or more than two (2) percentage points above the specified optimum moisture content, and shall be less than that quantity which will cause the soil cement mixture to become unstable during compaction and finishing. The specified optimum moisture content and density shall be determined in the field by a moisture density test, AASHO T 34 57 or ASTM D558 57, on representative samples of soil cement mixture obtained from the area being processed. Prior to the beginning of compaction, the mixture shall be in a loose condition for its full depth. The loose mixture then shall be uniformly compacted to the specified density within two (2) hours. During compaction operations, shaping may be required to obtain uniform compaction and required grade and cross section.
      (5)   Finishing - after compaction the surface of the soil cement shall be shaped to the required lines, grades and cross section. If necessary, during shaping operations, the surface of the base shall be lightly scarified to remove any tire imprints or smooth surfaces left by equipment. The resulting surface shall then be compacted to the specified density. Rolling shall be supplemented by broom dragging if required. The moisture content of the surface material must be maintained at not less than its specified optimum moisture content during finishing operations. Surface compaction and finishing shall be done in such a manner as to produce, in not longer than two (2) hours, a smooth, dense surface free of compaction plans, cracks, ridges or loose material. Any portion of the soil cement that has a density of five (5) lb. or more below that specified shall be corrected or replaced to meet these specifications.
      (6)   Curing - after the soil cement has been finished as specified herein, it shall be protected against drying for seven (7) days by the application of bituminous material. The curing material shall be applied as soon as possible but not later than twenty four (24) hours after the completion of finishing operations. The finished soil cement shall be kept continuously moist until the curing material is placed. The bituminous material specified shall be uniformly applied to the surface of the completed soil cement at the rate of approximately 0.2 gallon per square yard with approved heating and distributing equipment. At the time the bituminous material is applied the soil cement surface shall be dense, shall be free of all loose and extraneous material, and shall contain sufficient moisture to prevent penetration of the bituminous materials. Water shall be applied in sufficient quantity to fill the surface voids of the soil cement immediately before the bituminous curing material is applied. The curing material shall be maintained by the contractor during the seven (7) day protection period so that all of the soil cement will be covered effectively during this period. Sufficient protection from freezing shall be given the soil cement for seven (7) days after its construction and until it has hardened.
      (7)   Surfacing- asphaltic concrete shall be applied to the soil cement base course as regulated in SECTION 1.(b)(3) of this Appendix.
3.   Concrete Parking Areas:
   (a)   General Requirements thickness of concrete parking shall be:
      (1)   A minimum of six (6) inches for passenger cars and panel or pick up truck parking.
      (2)   A minimum of six (6) inches for driveways accommodating light trucks and for light truck parking.
      (3)   A minimum of seven (7) inches for heavier commercial or industrial needs.
   (b)   General Requirements concrete mix shall be:
      (1)   Minimum cement content 4,000 psi air entrained concrete.
      (2)   Maximum size of aggregate 1 1/2 inches.
      (3)   Maximum water content 0.49 lb./1 lb. of cement (5.5 gal. bag).
      (4)   Maximum slump Four (4) inches.
      (5)   Air entrainment - Maximum Size Entrained
                  Aggregate (inches)   Air (percent)
                   1 1/4          5 ± 1
                   3/4, 1          6 ± 1
                   3/8, 1/2       7 1/2 ± 1
   (c)   Construction Procedures:
      (1)   All soft and yielding material and other portions of the subgrade which will not compact readily when rolled or tamped shall be removed and replaced with suitable material placed and compacted. The subgrade shall be thoroughly compacted with suitable equipment so as to have uniform density at moisture contents of not less than standard optimum (AASHO T98).
      (2)   Longitudinal joint spacing shall not exceed 12.5 feet.
      (3)   Transverse joint spacings shall be at regular intervals of twenty (20) feet.
      (4)   All transverse construction joints shall have a depth equal to one (1) fourth of the pavement thickness.
      (5)   Form offsets at radius points shall be at least two (2) feet.
      (6)   Pavement joints must be continuous through the curbs.
      (7)   Where curbs are required they shall be cast integrally.
      (8)   The pavement shall be struck off, consolidated, and finished to the grades shown on the plans. All catch basins and manhole castings shall be boxed out and separated from the pavement with expansion joint material. All except premolded or sawed joints shall be edged with a tool having a maximum radius of 1/8 inches. Sawed and formed joints shall be cleaned and sealed according to Kentucky Department of Highways specifications for sealed joints before opening to traffic. Final surface texture shall be that obtained with a burlap drag. Curing shall be that obtained with a uniform coverage of white membrane curing compound or by seven (7) day coverage of white polyethylene of water proof paper. The completed pavement shall be closed to traffic for seven (7) days.
ARTICLE XIV
OFF STREET LOADING AND/OR UNLOADING REGULATIONS
SECTION 14.0
For all buildings and structures erected, altered or extended, and all uses of land established as specified herein, after the effective date of this Ordinance, off street loading and/or unloading facilities shall be provided as required by the regulations herein. However, where a building permit has been issued prior to the date of the adoption of this Ordinance, and provided that construction has not begun within ninety (90) days of such effective date, off street loading and/or unloading facilities in the amounts required by this Ordinance shall prevail.
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