(a) Rules for computation.
(1) On-street parking. On-street parking spaces shall not be counted toward off-street parking space requirements except as may otherwise be provided for in this code.
(2) Driveway space meeting parking requirements. Entrances, exits, or driveways shall not be computed as any part of a required parking lot or area, except in the case of single-family, two-family, and three-family dwellings where driveways may be used in calculating the amount of off-street parking.
(3) Multiple uses.
A. If the development includes a multi-tenant development as defined in this code, such use shall comply with the parking requirements for such use as established in Table 1218-1.
B. Where a development contains multiple buildings with different uses, the parking areas shall include a number of spaces that equals the combined total of parking spaces required for each individual use.
(4) Area measurements.
A. All square footage-based parking standards shall be computed based on the gross floor area of all floors in a nonresidential building. Up to 15% of the gross floor area may be excluded from the above calculation if the area is used for storage accessory to the principal use, restrooms, utilities or other maintenance areas, loading and unloading docks, and other areas incidental to the principal use.
B. When determination of the number of required parking spaces results in the requirement of a fractional space, any fraction one-half or less shall be disregarded and any fraction over one-half shall require one parking space.
(5) Capacity-based standards.
A. For the purpose of computing parking requirements based on employees, students, residents, or occupants, calculations shall be based on the typical, or average, number of persons working on a single shift, the typical, or average, enrollment, or the maximum fire-rated capacity, whichever is lesser.
B. In hospitals, bassinets shall not be counted as beds.
C. In the case of benches, pews, and similar seating accommodations that do not have individual seats, each 24 inches of length of seating shall be counted as one seat for the purpose of determining the parking requirements.
(6) Parking areas within a structure. No parking spaces located within the interior of a structure (excluding parking garages) shall be counted in meeting the off-street parking requirements of this section except when located within a private garage, parking garage, or other facility designed for the parking of cars.
(7) Unlisted uses.
A. Upon receiving an application for a use not specifically listed in the parking schedule in Table 1218-1, the Development Code Administrator shall apply the parking standard specified for the listed use that the Development Code Administrator deems most similar to the proposed use in regards to use, size and intensity of use.
B. If the Development Code Administrator determines that there is no listed use similar to the proposed use, intensity, or size, the Development Code Administrator may refer to the estimates of parking demand based on recommendations of the American Planning Association (APA), the Urban Land Institute (ULI) and/or the Institute of Traffic Engineers (ITE).
C. The Development Code Administrator's decision regarding parking requirements for a specific use is appealable to the BZA as established in § 1226.13.
(8) Accessory and temporary uses. Accessory and temporary uses shall be exempt from off-street parking requirements unless specifically required in Chapter 1206: Accessory and Temporary Use Regulations.
(b) Number of spaces required.
(1) This section defines the number of parking spaces required for each use within the City.
(2) For all uses except single-family, two-family, and three-family dwellings, the number of parking spaces required in Table 1218-1 may be modified according to the following provisions:
A. An application shall include the number of spaces required in Table 1218-1, or up to 10% less without needing an administrative waiver or variance approval.
B. Ten percent of the spaces required in this section may be reduced as of right but the remaining percentage, with a maximum reduction of 50%, may be permitted only if the applicant provides off-site parking spaces, shared parking spaces, or land banked parking spaces as provided for in division (f) hereof.
(3) References to use categories and use types are related to those in Table 1204-3.
Use | Parking Space Requirements | |
Agricultural Uses | ||
Agriculture (Raising of Crops or Livestock) | No parking spaces are required | |
Greenhouses and Nurseries | One space per 250 square feet of indoor display and sales area plus one space per 1,000 square feet of outdoor sales/display areas | |
Residential Uses | ||
Group Living Use Category (All Use Types) | One space per two beds | |
Household Living Category (All Use Types) | Two spaces per single-family, two-family, or three-family dwellings | |
1.5 spaces per dwelling unit for multi-family dwellings or for dwelling units over nonresidential uses | ||
Commercial Uses | ||
Assembly Halls and Conference Centers | One space per two fixed seats or one space per two persons based on the maximum capacity, whichever is greater | |
Auction Houses and Flea Markets | One space per 300 square feet of floor area | |
Automotive Repair (Heavy) and Towing Services | One space per 300 square feet of indoor floor area, plus two spaces per service bay (service bay may not be counted as a parking space) | |
Automotive Service Station and Parts Sales | ||
Business Services | One space per 400 square feet of floor area with a minimum of five spaces | |
Bed and Breakfast Establishments | Two spaces for owner plus one space for each guest room | |
Business and Professional Offices | One space per 400 square feet of floor area with a minimum of five spaces | |
Community Centers | One space per two fixed seats or one space per two persons based on the maximum capacity, whichever is greater | |
Convenience Stores | One space per 300 square feet of floor area with a minimum of five spaces | |
Eating and Drinking Establishments Use Category (All Use Types) | One space per 100 square feet of floor area | |
Financial Institutions | One space per 300 square feet of floor area with a minimum of five spaces | |
Funeral Homes and Mortuaries | Six spaces for each parlor + one space for each fleet vehicle or one space for each 50 sq. ft. of floor area in assembly rooms used for services, whichever is greater. | |
Hotels and Motels | One space per room or suite plus five spaces for employees | |
Kennels and Animal Boarding | One space per 1,000 square feet of floor area plus one drop-off space per 20 kennel spaces. | |
Live/Work Units | 3 space per unit | |
Medical or Dental Clinics or Offices and 24-Hour Urgent Care | One space per 200 square feet of floor area with a minimum of five spaces | |
Mixed Use Building (with Residential Uses) | One space per 300 square feet of nonresidential floor area + one space per dwelling unit | |
Mobile Home, Commercial Truck, and Recreational Vehicle Sales and Leasing | One space per 100 square feet of indoor floor area | |
Multi-Tenant Development | One space per 300 square feet of floor area, regardless of proposed uses | |
Night Club | One space per 50 square feet of floor area | |
Package Liquor Stores | One space per 300 square feet of floor area with a minimum of five spaces | |
Personal Service Establishments | One space per 200 square feet of floor area, or two spaces per station/chair, whichever is greater | |
Recreation Facilities (Indoors) | One space for each three persons at maximum building capacity | |
Recreation Facilities (Outdoors) | See § 1218.04(c) | |
Retail and Service Commercial Uses | One space per 300 square feet of floor area | |
Retail Fuel Sales | One space per 300 square feet of indoor floor area plus one space per fuel pump or service bay (service bay may not be counted as a parking space) | |
Theaters | One space for each four persons at maximum building capacity | |
Automotive Sales and Leasing | One space per 100 square feet of indoor floor area | |
Vehicle Washing Establishment | Three spaces per washing bay (washing bay may not be counted as a parking space) | |
Veterinarian Offices or Animal Grooming (No Boarding) | One space per 250 square feet of floor area with a minimum of 5 spaces | |
Industrial Uses - All Use Types in All Use Categories The total number of required spaces is cumulative based on the variety of different functions present in a single use as established below | ||
Office or administrative area | 1.0 space per 300 square feet of floor area | |
Indoor sales area and displays of goods manufactured on site | 1.0 space per 300 square feet of indoor floor area | |
Indoor areas used for storage, warehousing, assembly, vehicular service, or general manufacturing activities | 1-3,000 square feet of floor area | 1.0 space per 250 square feet of floor area |
3,001-5,000 square feet of floor area | 1.0 space per 500 square feet of floor area | |
5,001-10,000 square feet of floor area | 1.0 space per 750 square feet of floor area | |
10,001 or more square feet of floor area | 1.0 space per 1,250 square feet of floor area | |
Outdoor storage area (3,000 square feet or less) | 1.0 space per 750 square feet of outdoor space | |
Outdoor storage area (more than 3,000 square feet) | 1.0 space per 1,000 square feet of outdoor space | |
Public and Institutional Uses | ||
Active Recreational Facilities | Athletic/Play Field | Ten spaces per acre |
Golf Course | Four spaces for each hole plus one space for 100 square feet of net floor area in any cocktail lounge, bar, or similar facility | |
Golf Driving Range | One space for each driving tee plus one per employee | |
Parks, Playgrounds | See § 1218.04(c) | |
Skating Facility | One space per 250 square feet of floor area | |
Swimming Pools, Tennis or Racquet Clubs, and Similar Recreation Facilities | See § 1218.04(c) | |
Cemeteries | One space per four seats in a chapel or place of assembly | |
Passive Parks, Open Space, and Natural Areas | See § 1218.04(c) | |
Cultural Facilities | See § 1218.04(c) | |
Essential Services | No parking spaces are required | |
Educational Institutions (K-12) | Three spaces per classroom, one space per four seats in auditorium, or one space for each 17 classroom seats (at maximum capacity), whichever is greater | |
Colleges and Higher Educational Institutions | One space for each five classroom seats plus one space for each auditorium seat | |
Fraternal, Charitable, and Service Oriented Clubs | One space per two fixed seats or one space per two persons based on the maximum capacity, whichever is greater | |
Government Facilities | See § 1218.04(c) | |
Hospitals | One space for every two patient beds + four spaces per 1,000 square feet of outpatient clinics, laboratories, pharmacies and other similar uses | |
Nursery Schools or Day Care Centers (Children or Adults) | One space for every four children based on maximum capacity | |
Radio and Television Broadcasting Studios | One space per 350 square feet of floor area with a minimum of five spaces | |
Religious Places of Worship | One space per four fixed seats in the main assembly room or one space per four persons at maximum capacity, whichever is greater | |
Wireless Telecommunication Facilities | Two spaces per tower | |
Utility Facilities and Buildings | See § 1218.04(c) | |
Utility Structures | No parking spaces are required | |
(c) Uses with variable parking demand characteristics. Uses that reference this subsection in Table 1218-1 have widely varying parking demand characteristics, making it difficult to establish a single off-street parking standard. Applicants that propose a use subject to this subsection shall submit information with their application on the size of building, potential employment, proposed seating, applicable fire capacity information and similar information along with justification on how the proposed number and design of parking spaces is sufficient for the proposed use. The Development Code Administrator shall have the authority to review and make a decision on the proposed number of parking spaces based on the information submitted by the applicant and any estimates of parking demand based on recommendations of the American Planning Association (APA), the Urban Land Institute (ULI) and/or the Institute of Traffic Engineers (ITE).
(d) City parking lots.
(1) The Planning Commission, in consultation with other City departments and agencies concerned, may undertake studies of various areas in the City for the purpose of determining areas within which there is need for establishment of off- street parking facilities to be provided by the City and to be financed wholly or in part by a special assessment district or by other means. Where such need is found, the Planning Commission shall report its recommendation for the acquisition of such off-street parking facilities to City Council. This report shall include recommendations on the type, size, location and other pertinent features of the proposed off-street parking facilities and the area they are intended to serve.
(2) Wherever off-street parking facilities are established by means of a special assessment district or by any other means which City Council may determine, all existing buildings and uses and all buildings erected or uses established thereafter within the special assessment district, or other district which City Council may have determined, shall be exempt from the requirements of this chapter for privately supplied off-street parking facilities, except as provided in the following.
(3) The City Council, upon recommendation of the Planning Commission and after public hearing, may require by resolution that a portion, not to exceed 50%, of the off-street parking facilities required by this chapter shall be provided in connection with occupancy or use of a building in an area that was included in a special assessment district for the provision of off-street parking facilities, or in any other district which City Council may have determined to be served by a public off-street parking facility in the following cases:
A. In such cases where the use of a building, erected after the levying of the special assessment in such an area or after the establishment of the public off-street parking facility, creates a need for an unusual or exceptional amount of off-street parking facilities; and
B. In such cases where alteration, extension or change in use of a building, after the levying of the special assessment in such an area or establishment of the public off-street parking facility, creates a need for off-street parking facilities more than 30% in excess of the requirements for off-street facilities for such a building or use before alteration, extension or change in use, as computed on the basis of the requirements.
(e) Bicycle parking. Any bicycle parking accommodations provided on a site shall be located in an area adjacent to the building and separate from vehicular or pedestrian (sidewalk) traffic circulation so as to prevent traffic conflicts and safety hazards between vehicles, people, and bicyclists.
(f) Alternative parking options.
(1) Land banked parking. A portion of the required parking spaces may remain landscaped and unpaved or paved with pervious pavement provided that the parking and unpaved areas complies with the following standards and is authorized in accordance with this section. See division (b) of this section.
A. The parking plan submitted with the certificate of zoning compliance application shall denote the location and layout of that portion of the parking area that currently is deemed not required. The plan shall indicate that the "land banked" parking spaces will be constructed according to these regulations in the event that the Development Code Administrator determines at any time that all or any portion of this parking is necessary.
B. The applicant shall be required to design the site for full compliance with the applicable stormwater regulations, lighting regulations, and landscaping regulations even though a portion of the parking area may not be developed initially.
C. Any conditions required by the City, and the design for the site as established above, shall be illustrated on a final site plan that shall be recorded with the applicable county's recorder's office. The applicant shall be required to provide proof that the final site plan has been recorded with the applicable county's recorder's office prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy.
D. At no time shall any portion of the required parking area that is so designated for future construction be used for the construction of any structure or paved surface with the exception that pervious pavement may be used to provide temporary parking provided that the pavers allow for grass and other vegetation to grow through the material.
E. At no time shall any portion of the required parking that is so designated for future construction as provided herein be counted as open space or other non-paved areas required by other provisions of this section.
F. The owner of record shall be required to begin construction of the approved land banked parking area(s), as identified on the approved parking plan, within six months of written notice from the Development Code Administrator, identifying that such parking is determined to be necessary. Such determination may be made:
1. When the Development Code Administrator is reviewing an application related to a change of use or activity; or
2. When the Development Code Administrator, or their designee, documents that vehicles related to the use are consistently parked on the grass, landscaping area, or on the street.
G. Construction of the land banked parking area must be completed within one year of the written notice identified in division (f)(1)F. above. Failure to construct the remaining parking area within the applicable timeframe shall be considered a violation of this code.
(2) Shared parking or off-site parking. Shared parking or off-site parking may be authorized under this code subject to the following:
A. Shared parking is encouraged and permitted if the multiple uses that the shared parking will benefit can cooperatively establish and operate the facilities and they are located on adjacent properties.
B. The applicant shall have the burden of proof for reduction of the total number of parking spaces and shall document and submit information substantiating their request.
C. Shared parking may be approved if:
1. A sufficient number of spaces is provided to meet the highest demand of the participating uses;
2. Evidence has been submitted by the parties operating the shared parking facility, to the satisfaction of the Development Code Administrator, documenting the nature of uses and the hours when the individual uses will operate so as to demonstrate the lack of potential conflict between them.
D. Off-site parking shall not be used to satisfy the off-street parking standards for residential uses or hospitals. Required parking spaces reserved for persons with disabilities shall not be located in an off-site parking area.
E. No off-site parking space shall be located more than 600 feet from the primary entrance of the use served, measured along the shortest legal, practical walking route. This route may include crossing a right-of-way provided it uses a legal crosswalk.
F. If an off-site parking area is located in a different zoning district than the use served, the off-site parking areas shall still adhere to the vehicular use landscaping regulations of § 1216.08.
G. Parking agreement required. A parking agreement shall be required for shared or off-site parking arrangements.
1. The agreement shall be subject to review and approval by the City's legal counsel and shall provide for the rights of the respective parties to use the parking areas as shared or off-site parking areas.
2. The agreement shall include provisions and evidence of deed restrictions or other recorded covenants that ensure that the spaces will be properly maintained during the life of the development.
3. The approved shared agreement shall be filed with the application for a certificate of zoning compliance and shall be filed with the applicable county's recorder's office in a manner as to encumber all properties involved in the parking agreement.
4. The applicant shall be required to provide proof that the agreement has been recorded with the applicable county's recorder's office prior to the issuance of a certificate of zoning compliance.
(g) Design of off-street parking areas.
(1) Access to parking. Access to parking areas shall be provided as follows for all parking areas other than garages for individual dwelling units:
A. Parking areas shall provide suitable maneuvering area so that vehicles enter from, and exit to, a public street in a forward direction only.
B. Parking lots shall be designed to prevent access at any point other than at designated access drives.
C. All access drives shall conform to the access management requirements in § 1026.04 of the City of Middletown Code of Ordinances.
(2) Parking space dimensions. Each parking space shall have direct and unrestricted access to an aisle of the minimum width set out in Table 1218-2 and illustrated in Figure 1218-B.
Parking Angle/Type | A | B | C | |
Aisle Width | Stall Width (Feet) | Length of Stall (Feet) | ||
One-Way | Two-Way
| |||
Parking Angle/Type | A | B | C | |
Aisle Width | Stall Width (Feet) | Length of Stall (Feet) | ||
One-Way | Two-Way
| |||
0°/Parallel | 12 ft. | 18 ft. | 10 | 22 |
45° | 13 ft. | 20 ft. | 9 | 19 |
60° | 18 ft. | 22 ft. | 9 | 19 |
90° | 22 ft. | 24 ft. | 9 | 19 |
Compact [1] | Based on angle of parking, see above. | 8 | 16 | |
NOTE: [1] Compact parking spaces shall only be permitted when a minimum of 50 parking spaces is provided. In such cases, no more than 15 percent of the parking spaces may be designed as compact spaces. Such spaces shall be marked or otherwise identified as spaces for compact vehicle parking. | ||||
A. When the length of a parking space (full size or compact) abuts a column, fence, wall, or other obstruction, the required width of the entire parking space shall be increased by at least one foot.
B. The required length of a parking space may include an area of overhang where a vehicle can overhang a landscape island, curb, sidewalk, or walkway provided:
1. Such overhang does not extend over any public right-of-way; and/or
2. Such overhang shall, if extending over a sidewalk or walkway, shall not encroach on the minimum width of sidewalk or walkway required for compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act.
(3) Use of compact vehicle spaces. This division provides for the establishment of compact vehicles spaces as an alternative to full sized spaces.
A. The minimum off-street parking dimensions for compact vehicle spaces shall be as identified in Table 1218-2.
B. For parking lots with 50 or more spaces, a minimum of 5% of the total spaces shall be designed for compact vehicle spaces.
C. A maximum of 20% of spaces in any single parking lot may be dedicated to compact parking spaces.
D. Compact spaces shall be clearly labeled for "compact cars" and grouped together in one or more locations, or at regular intervals, so that only compact vehicles can easily maneuver into the space.
E. The compact parking spaces shall be identified by signs or painting on the pavement, as approved by the Development Code Administrator, to prevent the parking of standard size vehicles in compact parking spaces.
F. Existing nonresidential developments that wish to utilize this section to create additional parking spaces (e.g., either by adding land area to an existing parking lot or modifying an existing parking lot to gain more spaces) shall first apply for certificate of zoning compliance.
G. The property owner shall be responsible for any enforcement of use of the spaces for compact vehicles.
(4) Striping and identification.
A. Parking spaces shall be clearly outlined with four-inch wide lines painted white on the parking surface unless required by State law (e.g., parking for the disabled).
B. The striping shall be continuously maintained in a clear and visible manner in compliance with the approved plans.
C. Where approaches contact the public right-of-way, the paint lines dividing vehicle paths and other pavement markings shall be in accordance with the Ohio Uniform Traffic Control Manual.
(5) Wheels stops and curbing.
A. All parking areas subject to this section shall be bounded by curbs with a minimum height as approved by the Development Code Administrator with consultation from the City Engineer. Such curbs may be made of concrete, stone or similar material, but shall not be made of asphalt.
B. Continuous concrete curbing that is at least six inches high and six inches wide shall be provided for parking spaces located adjacent to fences, walls, lot lines, landscaped areas, and structures, unless the elimination of this curbing is required to adhere to storm water management requirements. Curb cuts are permitted along the curbing where it will allow for the passage of stormwater. See Figure 1218-C.
C. Individual wheel stops may be provided in lieu of continuous curbing only when the parking is adjacent to a landscaped area, and the drainage is directed to the landscaped area.
D. When provided, wheel stops shall be placed to allow for two feet of vehicle overhang area within the dimension of the parking space.
(h) Off-street parking in parking garages or parking decks. No parking in structures shall be visible on the ground floor that faces a street frontage unless the design of the structure or natural landscape buffering is provided to fully screen the structure.
(Ord. O2018-02, passed 2-20-2018)