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(a) Except in case of an emergency, whenever a vehicle is parked or stopped upon a roadway open to traffic or shoulder adjacent thereto, whether attended or unattended during the times mentioned in Section 438.02, such vehicle shall be equipped with one or more lights which shall exhibit a white or amber light on the roadway side visible from a distance of 500 feet to the front of such vehicle, and a red light visible from a distance of 500 feet to the rear. No lights need be displayed upon any such vehicle when it is stopped or parked where there is sufficient light to reveal any person or substantial object within a distance of 500 feet upon such street. Any lighted headlights upon a parked vehicle shall be depressed or dimmed.
(ORC 4513.10)
(b) Whoever violates this section is guilty of a minor misdemeanor.
(ORC 4513.99)
(a) Definitions. As used in this section:
(1) BOAT TRAILER. Means any vehicle designed and used exclusively to transport a boat between a place of storage and a marina, or in and around a marina, when drawn or towed on a street or highway for a distance of no more than ten miles and at a speed of twenty-five miles per hour or less.
(2) SLOW-MOVING VEHICLE and SMV. Mean a boat trailer, unit of farm machinery, road construction machinery, or other machinery designed by the manufacturer to operate at a speed of twenty-five miles per hour or less. The term does not include a bicycle, motorized bicycle, electric bicycle, or animal-drawn vehicle. (ORC 4513.11)
(b) Generally.
(1) At the times specified in Ohio R.C. 4513.03, no person shall operate either of the following vehicles unless it is equipped with and displays the lamps described in subsection (b)(2) of this section.
A. A vehicle not specifically required to be equipped with lamps or other lighting devices by Ohio R.C. 4513.03 to 4513.10;
B. A vehicle referred to in Ohio R.C. 4513.02(G).
(2) Vehicles described in subsection (b)(1) of this section shall be equipped with both of the following:
A. At least one lamp displaying a white light visible from a distance of not less than 1,000 feet to the front of the vehicle;
B. Two lamps displaying red light visible from a distance of not less than 1,000 feet to the rear of the vehicle, or as an alternative, one lamp displaying a red light visible from a distance of not less than 1,000 feet to the rear and two red reflectors visible from all distances of 600 feet to 100 feet to the rear when illuminated by the lawful lower beams of headlamps.
(3) A. At the times specified in Ohio R.C. 4513.03, no person shall operate a multi-wheel agricultural tractor model year 2001 or earlier on a street or highway unless it is equipped with and displays reflectors and illuminated amber lamps so that the extreme left and right projections of the tractor are indicated by all of the following:
1. Flashing lamps displaying amber light, visible to the front and the rear. The lamps need not flash simultaneously and need not flash in conjunction with any directional signals of the tractor;
2. Amber reflectors, all visible to the front;
3. Red reflectors, all visible to the rear.
B. Rules adopted by the Ohio Director of Public Safety under Ohio R.C. 4513.111 governing the lamps and reflectors described in subsection (b)(3)A. of this section and their placement correlate with and, as far as possible, conform with paragraphs 4.1.4.1, 4.1.7.1 and 4.1.7.2 respectively of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers Standard ANSI/ASAE S279.10 OCT98, Lighting and Marking of Agricultural Equipment on Highways.
(4) At the times specified in Ohio R.C. 4513.03, no person shall operate a unit of farm machinery model year 2002 or later on a street or highway unless it is equipped with and displays markings and illuminated lamps that meet or exceed the lighting, illumination and marking standards and specifications that are applicable to that type of farm machinery for the unit’s model year specified in the American Society of Agricultural Engineers Standard ANSI/ASAE S279.10 OCT 98, lighting and marking of agricultural equipment on highways.
(5) Any unit of farm machinery designed by its manufacturer to operate at a speed of twenty-five miles per hour or greater or any SMV may be equipped with and display a red flashing light that is visible from a distance of not less than 1,000 feet to the rear at all times specified in Ohio R.C. 4513.03. When a double-faced light is used, it shall display amber light to the front and red light to the rear.
(6) Lights and reflectors required under subsections (b)(3) and (b)(4) of this section and authorized under subsection (b)(5) of this section are in addition to other lights required or permitted by this subsection (b) or Ohio R.C. 4513.17.
(7) The Ohio Director of Public Safety shall adopt rules in accordance with Ohio R.C. Chapter 119 Code that establish standards and specifications for lamps and reflectors required or authorized by this section. Lamps and reflectors required or authorized by this section shall meet those standards and specifications.
(8) This subsection (b) does not apply to a bicycle, motorized bicycle, electric bicycle, or animal-drawn vehicle.
(9) Whoever violates this subsection (b) is guilty of a minor misdemeanor.
(ORC 4513.111)
(c) Slow-Moving Vehicles.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, no person shall operate an SMV on a street or highway as follows:
A. At a speed exceeding twenty-five miles per hour;
B. Without displaying the triangular SMV emblem mounted in accordance with subsection (c)(2) of this section.
(2) The SMV emblem shall be mounted so as to be visible from a distance of not less than 500 feet to the rear. In accordance with Ohio R.C. Chapter 119, the Ohio Director of Public Safety shall adopt standards and specifications for the design and position of mounting the SMV emblem. The standards and specifications for the SMV emblem correlate with and, so far as possible, conform with those approved by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers.
(3) A person may operate an SMV on a street or highway without displaying the triangular SMV emblem when any of the following apply:
A. The SMV is being used in actual construction and maintenance work in an area guarded by a flagperson, or where flares are used;
B. The SMV is operating or traveling within the limits of a construction area designated by the Ohio Director of Transportation, a city engineer, or the county engineer of the several counties, when such construction area is marked in accordance with requirements of the Ohio Director of Transportation and the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices, as set forth in Ohio R.C. 4511.09.
(4) No person shall display an SMV emblem on any of the following:
A. Any vehicle not required to use the SMV emblem by this subsection (c) or Ohio R.C. 4513.113 or 4513.114;
B. An SMV being transported upon any other vehicle;
C. Any stationary object on the highway.
(5) No person shall sell, lease, rent or operate an SMV, except a unit designed to be completely mounted on a primary power unit that is manufactured or assembled on or after April 1, 1966, unless it is equipped with an SMV emblem mounting device.
(6) Whoever violates subsection (c) is guilty of a minor misdemeanor.
(ORC 4513.112)
(d) Farm Machinery and Agricultural Tractors.
(1) No person shall sell, lease, rent or operate on a street or highway any unit of farm machinery that is designed by its manufacturer to operate at a speed greater than twenty-five miles per hour unless the unit displays both of the following:
A. The SMV emblem mounted in accordance with Ohio R.C. 4513.112(B);
B. A speed identification symbol that does both of the following:
1. Meets the specifications contained in the American Society of Agricultural Engineers Standard ANSI/ASAE S584 JAN2005, Agricultural Equipment: Speed Identification Symbol (SIS);
2. Indicates the maximum speed in miles per hour at which the unit of farm machinery is designed by its manufacturer to operate;
(2) No person operating a tractor on a street or highway that is designed by its manufacturer to operate at a speed greater than twenty-five miles per hour and that is towing, pulling or otherwise drawing a unit of farm machinery while operating at a speed greater than twenty-five milers per hour shall fail to display both of the following on the unit of farm machinery;
A. The SMV emblem;
B. The speed identification symbol that matches the speed identification symbol required to be displayed on the agricultural tractor;
(3) No person shall operate an agricultural tractor that is designed by its manufacturer to operate at a speed greater than twenty-five miles per hour unless the person possesses documentation published or provided by the manufacturer indicating the maximum speed in miles per hour at which the manufacturer designed the agricultural tractor to operate;
(4) Whoever violates this subsection (d) is guilty of a minor misdemeanor.
(ORC 4513.113)
(e) Animal-Drawn Vehicles.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e)(4) of this section, no person shall operate an animal-drawn vehicle on a street or highway unless it is equipped with and displays, at the times specified in Ohio R.C. 4513.03, both of the following:
A. At least one lamp displaying a white light visible from a distance of not less than 1,000 feet to the front of the animal-drawn vehicle;
B. Two lamps displaying red light visible from a distance of not less than 1,000 feet to the rear of the animal-drawn vehicle, or as an alternative, one lamp displaying a red light visible from a distance of not less than 1,000 feet to the rear and two red reflectors visible from all distances of 600 feet to one hundred feet to the rear when illuminated by the lawful lower beams of headlamps.
(2) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e)(4) of this section, no person shall operate an animal-drawn vehicle on a street or highway unless it is equipped with and displays, at all times, all of the following:
A. One yellow flashing lamp displaying yellow light that is visible from a distance of not less than 1,000 feet and that is mounted in either of the following positions:
1. On the top most portion of the rear of the animal-drawn vehicle;
2. On the top of the animal-drawn vehicle;
B. At least one of the following:
1. An SMV emblem mounted in accordance with Ohio R.C. 4513.112(B);
2. Micro-prism reflective tape that is visible from a distance of not less than 500 feet to the rear when illuminated by the lawful lower beams of headlamps;
3. Both an SMV emblem and micro-prism reflective tape, as specified in this division.
C. Lamps and micro-prism reflective tape required by this section shall meet standards and specifications adopted by the Ohio Director of Public Safety under Ohio R.C. 4513.114.
(3) The Ohio Director of Public Safety, in accordance with Ohio R.C. Chapter 119, shall adopt rules establishing standards and specifications for the position and mounting of the lamps and micro-prism reflective tape required by Ohio R.C. 4513.114. The rules permit the micro-prism reflective tape to be red, amber, white, or silver in color.
(4) A. Subsections (e)(1) and (e)(2) of this section do not apply to the operator of animal-drawn agricultural equipment who is not transporting any livestock or a person other than the operator.
B. No operator described in subsection (e)(4)A. of this section shall operate animal-drawn agricultural equipment unless it is equipped with and displays, at all times, the SMV emblem mounted in accordance with Ohio R.C. 4513.112(B).
C. As used in subsection (e)(4) of this section, “animal-drawn agricultural equipment” means equipment drawn by the muscular power of an animal that is used solely for agricultural purposes. “Animal-drawn agricultural equipment” includes any of the following:
1. A plow;
2. A manure spreader;
3. A thresher.
(5) Whoever violates this subsection (e) is guilty of a minor misdemeanor.
(ORC 4513.114)
(f) Strict Liability Offenses. The offenses established under this section are strict liability offenses, and Ohio R.C. 2901.20 does not apply. The designation of these offenses as strict liability offenses shall not be construed to imply that any other offense, for which there is no specified degree of culpability, is not a strict liability offense.
(ORC 4513.115)
(a) Any motor vehicle may be equipped with not more than one spotlight and every lighted spotlight shall be so aimed and used upon approaching another vehicle that no part of the high-intensity portion of the beam will be directed to the left of the prolongation of the extreme left side of the vehicle, nor more than 100 feet ahead of the vehicle.
(b) Any motor vehicle may be equipped with not more than three State approved auxiliary driving lights mounted on the front of the vehicle, which when used shall conform to State regulations.
(c) Whoever violates this section is guilty of a minor misdemeanor.
(ORC 4513.12)
(a) Any motor vehicle may be equipped with side cowl or fender lights or lights on each side thereof which shall emit a white or amber light without glare.
(b) Any motor vehicle may be equipped with back-up lights, either separately or in combination with another light. No back-up lights shall be continuously lighted when the motor vehicle is in forward motion.
(c) Whoever violates this section is guilty of a minor misdemeanor.
(ORC 4513.13)
(a) At all times mentioned in Section 438.02 at least two State approved lighted lights shall be displayed conforming to State regulations, one near each side of the front of every motor vehicle, except when such vehicle is parked subject to the regulations governing lights on parked vehicles. (ORC 4513.14)
(b) However, on a motorcycle, there shall be displayed at least one and not more than two lighted lights as required herein.
(c) Whoever violates this section is guilty of a minor misdemeanor.
(ORC 4513.14)
(a) Whenever a motor vehicle is being operated on a roadway or shoulder adjacent thereto during the times specified in Section 438.02, the driver shall use a distribution of light, or composite beam, directed high enough and of sufficient intensity to reveal persons, vehicles and substantial objects at a safe distance in advance of the vehicle, except that upon approaching an oncoming vehicle, the lights or beams shall be so aimed that the glaring rays are not projected into the eyes of the oncoming driver.
(b) Whoever violates this section is guilty of a minor misdemeanor.
(ORC 4513.15)
(a) Any motor vehicle may be operated under the conditions specified in Section 438.02 when it is equipped with two lighted lights upon the front thereof capable of revealing persons and substantial objects seventy-five feet ahead in lieu of lights required in Section 438.13, provided that such vehicle shall not be operated at a speed in excess of twenty miles per hour.
(b) Whoever violates this section is guilty of a minor misdemeanor.
(ORC 4513.16)
(a) Whenever a motor vehicle equipped with headlights also is equipped with any auxiliary lights or spotlight or any other light on the front thereof projecting a beam of an intensity greater than 300 candle power, not more than a total of five of any such lights on the front of a vehicle shall be lighted at any one time when the vehicle is upon a highway.
(b) Any lighted light or illuminating device upon a motor vehicle, other than headlights, spotlights, signal lights or auxiliary driving lights, that projects a beam of light of an intensity greater than 300 candle power, shall be so directed that no part of the beam will strike the level of the roadway on which the vehicle stands at a distance of more than seventy-five feet from the vehicle.
(c) (1) Flashing lights are prohibited on motor vehicles, except as a means for indicating a right or left turn, or in the presence of a vehicular traffic hazard requiring unusual care in approaching, or overtaking or passing.
(2) The prohibition in subsection (c)(1) of this section does not apply to any of the following:
A. Emergency vehicles, road service vehicles servicing or towing a disabled vehicle, stationary waste collection vehicles actively collecting garbage, refuse, trash or recyclable materials on the roadside, rural mail delivery vehicles, vehicles as provided in Ohio R.C. 4513.182, highway maintenance vehicles, and similar equipment operated by state or local authorities, provided such vehicles are equipped with and display, when used on a street or highway for the special purpose necessitating such lights, a flashing, oscillating or rotating amber light;
B. Vehicles or machinery permitted by Ohio R.C. 4513.111 to have a flashing red light;
C. Farm machinery and vehicles escorting farm machinery, provided such machinery and vehicles are equipped with and display, when used on a street or highway, a flashing, oscillating or rotating amber light. Farm machinery also may display the lights described in Ohio R.C. 4513.111.
D. A funeral hearse or funeral escort vehicle, provided that the funeral hearse or funeral escort vehicle is equipped with and displays, when used on a street or highway for the special purpose necessitating such lights, a flashing, oscillating or rotating purple or amber light;
(3) Subsection (c)(1) of this section does not apply to animal-drawn vehicles subject to Ohio R.C. 4513.114.
(d) (1) Except a person operating a public safety vehicle, as defined in Ohio R.C. 4511.01(E), or a school bus, no person shall operate, move, or park upon, or permit to stand within the right-of-way of any public street or highway any vehicle or equipment that is equipped with and displaying a flashing red or a flashing combination red and white light, or an oscillating or rotating red light, or a combination red and white oscillating or rotating light.
(2) Except a public law enforcement officer, or other person sworn to enforce the criminal and traffic laws of the state, operating a public safety vehicle when on duty, no person shall operate, move, or park upon, or permit to stand within the right-of-way of any street or highway any vehicle or equipment that is equipped with, or upon which is mounted, and displaying a flashing blue or a flashing combination blue and white light, or an oscillating or rotating blue light, or a combination blue and white oscillating or rotating light.
(e) This section does not prohibit the use of warning lights required by law or the simultaneous flashing of turn signals on disabled vehicles or on vehicles being operated in unfavorable atmospheric conditions in order to enhance their visibility. This section also does not prohibit the simultaneous flashing of turn signals or warning lights either on farm machinery or vehicles escorting farm machinery, when used on a street or highway.
(f) Whoever violates this section is guilty of a minor misdemeanor.
(ORC 4513.17)
(b) The headlights on any motor vehicle shall comply with the headlamp color requirements contained in federal motor vehicle safety standard number 108, 49 C.F.R. 571.108. No person shall operate a motor vehicle in violation of this subsection.
(c) Whoever violates this section is guilty of a minor misdemeanor.
(ORC 4513.19)
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