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(Added by Ord. No. 171,175, Eff. 7/25/96.)
91.6716.1. Security openings other than doors or glazed openings shall be protected in accordance with the requirements of this section.
91.6716.2. Hatchway covers of less than 1-3/4-inch thick solid wood construction shall be covered on the inside with 16–gauge sheet metal attached by screws around the perimeter spaced at six-inch maximum centers.
91.6716.3. Hatchway covers shall be secured from the inside with slide bars, slide bolts, and/or padlocks with hardened steel shackles. Hasps shall be hardened steel and bolted.
91.6716.4. Outside pin-type hinges shall be provided with non-removable pins.
91.6716.5. Openings within 40 inches of the required locking device of the door when said door is in the closed and locked position and when said door is openable without the use of a key shall not exceed two inches in their greatest dimension or shall be protected by metal bars or grilles having a pattern such that the openings of which do not exceed two inches in the greatest dimension.
91.6716.6. All other openings shall be protected by metal bars or grilles constructed to preclude human entry. Such bars or grilles shall have a pattern such that no less than one dimension of any opening shall be six inches or less.
EXCEPTION: Openings which are more than 40 inches from the required locking device of a door in the closed and locked position when the door is openable from the inside without the use of a key, and which do not exceed 96 square inches in area, with no less than one dimension thereof being six inches or less.
(Added by Ord. No. 171,175, Eff. 7/25/96.)
Doors, windows, and similar closures of security openings regulated by the provisions of this division, including the frames, jambs, hardware and locking devices of such closures, shall be shown to satisfactorily pass the tests specified in this division. The tests shall be performed by an approved testing laboratory on the units as installed at the jobsite or installed in test assemblies constructed according to the manufacturer’s details. Each typical job installation shall be tested or the units shall be constructed and installed in conformance to a General Approval issued by the Department.
1. Test A. With the panels in the normal position, a concentrated load of 300 pounds shall be applied separately to each vertical pull stile incorporating a locking device at a point on the stile within six inches of the locking device in the direction parallel to the plane of glass that would tend to open the door.
2. Test B. Repeat Test A while simultaneously adding a concentrated load of 150 pounds to the same area of the same stile in a direction perpendicular to the plane of glass toward the interior side of the door.
3. Test C. Repeat Test B with 150–pound force in the reverse direction toward the exterior side of the door.
4. Tests D, E and F. Repeat Tests A, B and C with the movable panel lifted upwards to its full limit within the confines of the door frame.
5. Moveable panels shall not be rendered easily openable or removable from the frame during or after the tests or the panel shall have failed the test.
1. Test A. With the sliding sash in the normal position, a concentrated load of 150 pounds shall be applied separately to each sash member incorporating a locking device at a point on the sash member within six inches of the locking device in the direction parallel to the plane of glass that would tend to open the window.
2. Test B. Repeat Test A while simultaneously adding a concentrated load of 75 pounds to the same area of the same sash member in the direction perpendicular to the plane of glass toward the interior side of the window.
3. Test C. Repeat Test B with the 75–pound force in the reversed direction toward the exterior side of the window.
4. Tests D, E and F. Repeat Tests A, B and C with the movable sash lifted upwards to its full limit within the confines of the window frame.
5. Movable panels shall not be rendered easily openable or removable from the frame during or after the tests or the panel shall have failed the test.
(Division 70 Amended by Ord. No. 171,175, Eff. 7/25/96.)
Section
91.7001 Purpose.
91.7002 Scope.
91.7003 Definitions.
91.7004 Grading Designation.
91.7005 General Requirements.
91.7006 Conditions Precedent to Issuing a Grading Permit.
91.7007 Safety Precautions During Grading.
91.7008 Professional Inspection and Certification for Engineered Grading.
91.7009 Professional Inspection for Regular Grading.
91.7010 Excavations.
91.7011 Fills.
91.7012 Planting and Irrigation of Cut and Fill Slopes in Hillside Areas.
91.7013 Erosion Control and Drainage Devices.
91.7014 Construction Requirements and Limitations.
91.7015 Buttress Fills.
91.7016 Areas Subjected to Slides and Unstable Soil.
(Title and Section Amended by Ord. No. 171,175, Eff. 7/25/96.)
All grading shall be performed in accordance with the provisions of this division and with rules and regulations as established by the Superintendent of Building, and shall be in accordance with the zoning, private street and division of land regulations contained in Chapter I of the Los Angeles Municipal Code, and the requirements of the approved General Plan for the area in which the grading is to be done.
(Amended by Ord. No. 171,939, Eff. 4/15/98.)
For the purposes of this division the definitions listed hereunder shall be construed as specified in this section.
APPROVAL shall mean the proposed work or completed work conforms to this division to the satisfaction of the Superintendent of Building. (Amended by Ord. No. 179,324, Eff. 12/10/07, Oper. 1/1/08.)
AS-GRADED is the extent of surface conditions on completion of grading.
BEDROCK is in-place solid rock.
BENCH is a relatively level step excavated into earth material on which fill is to be placed.
BORROW is earth material acquired from an on-site or off-site location for use in grading on a site.
CIVIL ENGINEER is a professional engineer registered in the state to practice in the field of civil engineering works.
CIVIL ENGINEERING is the application of the knowledge of the forces of nature, principles of mechanics and the properties of materials to the evaluation, design and construction of civil works.
COMPACTION is the densification of a fill by mechanical means.
EARTH MATERIAL is any rock, natural soil, fill, or combination thereof.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGIST is a geologist duly licensed by the State of California and experienced and knowledgeable in engineering geology.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY is the application of geologic knowledge and principles in the investigation and evaluation of naturally occurring rock and soil for use in the design of civil engineering works.
EROSION is the wearing away of the ground surface as a result of the movement of wind, water or ice.
EXCAVATION is the mechanical removal of earth material.
FILL is a deposit of earth material placed by artificial means.
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEER. See “soils engineer.”
GRADE is the vertical location of the ground surface.
Existing Grade is the grade prior to grading.
Finish Grade is the final grade of the site which conforms to the approved plan.
Rough Grade is the stage at which the grade approximately conforms to the approved plan.
GRADING is any excavating or filling or combination thereof.
HILLSIDE AREAS shall mean any land designated as a Hillside Area based on the latest Bureau of Engineering Basic Grid Map No. A-13372 and made part of this section.
BASIC GRID MAP
No. A-13372
(Added by Ord. No. 129,885, Eff. 4/19/65.)
Editor’s Note: The map referred to in this section is on file in the official City documents located in the Office of the City Clerk in Council File No. 121222 Sup. #1.
KEY is a designed compacted fill placed in a trench excavated in earth material beneath the toe of a proposed fill slope.
PROFESSIONAL INSPECTION is the inspection required by this Code to be performed by the civil engineer, soils engineer or engineering geologist. Such inspections include that performed by persons supervised by such engineers or geologists and shall be sufficient to form an opinion relating to the conduct of the work.
ROCK is any consolidated or coherent and relatively hard natural formed mass of mineral material.
SEEPAGE is the flow of water through earth material caused by gravitational forces. (Amended by Ord. No. 179,324, Eff. 12/10/07, Oper. 1/1/08.)
SITE is any lot or parcel of land or contiguous combination thereof, under the same ownership, where grading is performed or permitted.
SLOPE is an inclined ground surface the inclination of which is expressed as a ratio of horizontal distance to vertical distance. Slope greater than 10% shall be considered as a sloping surface.
SLOPE FAILURE, Class I, shall involve bedrock, and a combined geologic and geotechnical report need to be submitted to address its cause and to provide recommended repair methods.
SLOPE FAILURE, Class II, shall involve soil, and a geotechnical report needs to be submitted to address its cause and to provide recommended repair methods.
SLOPE FAILURE, Class III, shall involve surficial problems, and unless determined as necessary by Inspection, neither a geologic nor a geotechnical report is required prior to the repair.
SOIL is naturally occurring superficial deposits overlying bedrock.
SOILS ENGINEER (GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEER) shall mean a civil engineer duly licensed by the State of California who is experienced in the application of the principles of soil mechanics in the investigation, evaluation and design of civil works involving the use of earth materials. (Amended by Ord. No. 181,758, Eff. 8/8/11.)
SOILS ENGINEERING (GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING) is the application of the principles of soils mechanics in the investigation, evaluation and design of civil engineering works involving the use of earth materials and the inspection or testing of the construction thereof.
TERRACE is a relatively level step constructed in the face of a graded slope surface for drainage and maintenance purposes.
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