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(a) No person, knowing that a felony has been or is being committed, shall knowingly fail to report such information to law enforcement authorities.
(b) Except for conditions that are within the scope of subsection (e) hereof, no physician, limited practitioner, nurse or person giving aid to a sick or injured person shall negligently fail to report to law enforcement authorities any gunshot or stab wound treated or observed by him or her, any serious physical harm to persons that he or she knows or has reasonable cause to believe resulted from an offense of violence.
(c) No person who discovers the body or acquires the first knowledge of the death of any person shall fail to report the death immediately to any physician whom the person knows to be treating the deceased for a condition from which death at such time would not be unexpected, or to a law enforcement officer, ambulance service, emergency squad or the coroner in a political subdivision in which the body is discovered, the death is believed to have occurred or knowledge concerning the death is obtained.
(d) No person shall fail to provide, upon request of the person to whom he or she has made a report required by subsection (c) hereof, or to any law enforcement officer who has reasonable cause to assert the authority to investigate the circumstances surrounding the death, any facts within his or her knowledge that may have a bearing on the investigation of the death.
(e) Burn injuries shall be governed by the following regulations:
(1) As used in this subsection, “burn injury” means any of the following:
A. Second or third degree burns;
B. Any burns to the upper respiratory tract or laryngeal edema due to the inhalation of super-heated air;
C. Any burn injury or wound that may result in death.
(2) No physician, nurse or limited practitioner who, outside a hospital, sanitarium or other medical facility, attends or treats a person who has sustained a burn injury inflicted by an explosion or other incendiary device, or that shows evidence of having been inflicted in a violent, malicious or criminal manner, shall fail to report the burn injury immediately to the local arson bureau, if there is such a bureau in the jurisdiction in which the person is attended or treated, or otherwise to local law enforcement authorities.
(3) No manager, superintendent or other person in charge of a hospital, sanitarium or other medical facility in which a person is attended or treated for any burn injury inflicted by an explosion or other incendiary device, or that shows evidence of having been inflicted in a violent, malicious or criminal manner, shall fail to report the burn injury immediately to the local arson bureau, if there is such a bureau in the jurisdiction in which the person is attended or treated, or otherwise to local law enforcement authorities.
(4) No person who is required to report any burn injury under paragraph (e)(2) or (3) hereof shall fail to file, within three working days after attending or treating the victim, a written report of the burn injury with the office of the State Fire Marshal. The report shall be made on a form provided by the State Fire Marshal.
(5) Anyone participating in the making of reports under this subsection, or anyone participating in a judicial proceeding resulting from the reports, shall be immune from any civil or criminal liability that otherwise might be incurred or imposed as a result of such actions. Notwithstanding Ohio R.C. 4731.22, the physician-patient relationship is not a ground for excluding evidence regarding a person's burn injury or the cause of the burn injury in any judicial proceeding resulting from a report submitted pursuant to this subsection.
(f) Subsection (a) or (d) hereof does not require disclosure of information when any of the following applies:
(1) The information is privileged by reason of the relationship between attorney and client, doctor and patient, licensed psychologist or licensed school psychologist and client, clergyman or rabbi or minister or priest and any person communicating information confidentially to him or her for a religious counseling purpose in his or her professional character, husband and wife, or a communications assistant and those who are a party to a telecommunications relay service call;
(2) The information would tend to incriminate a member of the actor's immediate family;
(3) Disclosure of the information would amount to revealing a news source, privileged under Ohio R.C. 2739.04 or 2739.12;
(4) Disclosure of the information would amount to disclosure by an ordained clergyman of an organized religious body of a confidential communication made to him or her in his or her capacity as such by a person seeking his or her aid or counsel;
(5) Disclosure would amount to revealing information acquired by the actor in the course of his or her duties in connection with a bona fide program of treatment or services for drug dependent persons or persons in danger of drug dependence, which program is maintained or conducted by a hospital, clinic, person, agency or organization certified pursuant to Ohio R.C. 3793.06;
(6) Disclosure would amount to revealing information acquired by the actor in the course of his or her duties in connection with a bona fide program for providing counseling services to victims of crimes that are violations of Ohio R.C. 2907.02, 2907.05 or 2907.12. As used in this paragraph, “counseling services” includes services provided in an informal setting by a person who, by education or experience, is competent to provide such services.
(g) No disclosure of information pursuant to this section gives rise to any liability or recrimination for a breach of privilege or confidence.
(h) Whoever violates subsection (a) or (b) hereof is guilty of failure to report a crime. Violation of subsection (a) hereof is a misdemeanor of the fourth degree. Violation of subsection (b) hereof is a misdemeanor of the second degree.
(i) Whoever violates subsection (c) or (d) hereof is guilty of failure to report knowledge of a death, a misdemeanor of the fourth degree.
(j) Whoever negligently violates subsection (e) hereof is guilty of a minor misdemeanor. Whoever knowingly violates subsection (e) hereof is guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree.
(ORC 2921.22)
(a) No person shall negligently fail or refuse to aid a law enforcement officer, when called upon for assistance in preventing or halting the commission of an offense, or in apprehending or detaining an offender, when such aid can be given without a substantial risk of physical harm to the person giving it.
(b) Whoever violates this section is guilty of failure to aid a law enforcement officer, a minor misdemeanor.
(ORC 2921.23)
(a) No person, without privilege to do so and with purpose to prevent, obstruct or delay the performance by a public official of any authorized act within his official capacity, shall do any act which hampers or impedes a public official in the performance of his lawful duties.
(b) Whoever violates this section is guilty of obstructing official business, a misdemeanor of the second degree.
(ORC 2921.31)
(a) No person, with purpose to hinder the discovery, apprehension, prosecution, conviction, or punishment of another for crime or to assist another to benefit from the commission of a crime, and no person, with purpose to hinder the discovery, apprehension, prosecution, adjudication as a delinquent child, or disposition of a child for an act that if committed by an adult would be a crime or to assist a child to benefit from the commission of an act that if committed by an adult would be a crime, shall do any of the following:
(1) Harbor or conceal the other person or child;
(2) Provide the other person or child with money, transportation, a weapon, a disguise, or other means of avoiding discovery or apprehension;
(3) Warn the other person or child of impending discovery or apprehension;
(4) Destroy or conceal physical evidence of the crime or act, or induce any person to withhold testimony or information or to elude legal process summoning the person to testify or supply evidence;
(5) Communicate false information to any person;
(6) Prevent or obstruct any person, by means of force, intimidation, or deception, from performing any act to aid in the discovery, apprehension, or prosecution of the other person or child.
(b) A person may be prosecuted for, and may be convicted of or adjudicated a delinquent child for committing, a violation of division (a) of this section regardless of whether the person or child aided ultimately is apprehended for, is charged with, is convicted of, pleads guilty to, or is adjudicated a delinquent child for committing the crime or act the person or child aided committed. The crime or act the person or child aided committed shall be used under division (c) of this section in determining the penalty for the violation of division (a) of this section, regardless of whether the person or child aided ultimately is apprehended for, is charged with, is convicted of, pleads guilty to, or is adjudicated a delinquent child for committing the crime or act the person or child aided committed.
(c) (1) Whoever violates this section is guilty of obstructing justice.
(2) If the crime committed by the person aided is a misdemeanor or if the act committed by the child aided would be a misdemeanor if committed by an adult, obstructing justice is a misdemeanor of the same degree as the crime committed by the person aided or a misdemeanor of the same degree that the act committed by the child aided would be if committed by an adult.
(d) As used in this section:
(1) "Adult" and "child" have the same meanings as in Ohio R.C. 2151.011.
(2) "Delinquent child" has the same meaning as in Ohio R.C. 2152.02.
(3) "Act of terrorism" has the same meaning as in Ohio R.C. 2909.21.
(Ord. 23-02. Passed 9-3-02; Ord. 29-19. Passed 11-18-19.)
(a) No person, recklessly or by force, shall resist or interfere with a lawful arrest of himself or another.
(b) No person, recklessly or by force, shall resist or interfere with a lawful arrest of the person or another person and, during the course of or as a result of the resistance or interference, cause physical harm to a law enforcement officer.
(c) Whoever violates this section is guilty of resisting arrest. A violation of subsection (a) hereof is a misdemeanor of the second degree. A violation of subsection (b) hereof is a misdemeanor of the first degree.
(Ord. 24-02. Passed 9-3-02.)
(a) No person shall fail to comply with any lawful order or direction of any police officer invested with authority to direct, control or regulate traffic.
(b) No person shall operate a motor vehicle so as willfully to elude or flee a police officer after receiving a visible or audible signal from a police officer to bring his or her motor vehicle to a stop.
(c) Whoever violates this section is guilty of failure to comply with an order or signal of a police officer. A violation of subsection (a) hereof is a misdemeanor of the first degree. A violation of subsection (b) hereof is a misdemeanor of the first degree, provided that the jury or judge, as trier of fact, does not find any one of the following by proof beyond a reasonable doubt:
(1) In committing the offense, the offender was fleeing immediately after the commission of a felony.
(2) The operation of the motor vehicle by the offender was a proximate cause of serious physical harm to persons or property.
(3) The operation of the motor vehicle by the offender caused a substantial risk of serious physical harm to persons or property.
(d) As used in this section, “police officer” has the same meaning as in Section 301.25 of these Codified Ordinances.
(ORC 2921.331)
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