The income tax levied by the City at an annual rate, as set forth in Section 192.01, is levied on the municipal taxable income of every person residing in and/or earning and/or receiving income in the City, subject to the provisions and exemptions found in the herein chapter, including Section 192.06.
(a) Individuals.
(1) For residents of the City, the income tax levied herein shall be on all income, salaries, qualifying wages, commissions, and other compensation from whatever source earned or received by the resident, including the resident’s distributive share of the net profit of pass-through entities owned directly or indirectly by the resident and any net profit of the resident. This is further detailed in the definition of income (See Section 192.02(c)(17)).
(2) For nonresidents, all income, salaries, qualifying wages, commissions, and other compensation from whatever source earned or received by the nonresident for work done, services performed or rendered, or activities conducted in the City, including any net profit of the nonresident, but excluding the nonresident’s distributive share of the net profit or loss of only pass-through entities owned directly or indirectly by the nonresident.
(b) Refundable Credit for Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan.
(1) As used in this division:
A. “Nonqualified deferred compensation plan” means a compensation plan described in section 3121(v)(2)(C) of the Internal Revenue Code.
B. “Qualifying loss” means the amount of compensation attributable to a taxpayer’s nonqualified deferred compensation plan, less the receipt of money and property attributable to distributions from the nonqualified deferred compensation plan. Full loss is sustained if no distribution of money and property is made by the nonqualified deferred compensation plan. The taxpayer sustains a qualifying loss only in the taxable year in which the taxpayer receives the final distribution of money and property pursuant to that nonqualified deferred compensation plan.
C. (1) “Qualifying tax rate” means the applicable tax rate for the taxable year for the which the taxpayer paid income tax to the City with respect to any portion of the total amount of compensation the payment of which is deferred pursuant to a nonqualified deferred compensation plan.
(2) If different tax rates applied for different taxable years, then the “qualifying tax rate” is a weighted average of those different tax rates. The weighted average shall be based upon the tax paid to the City each year with respect to the nonqualified deferred compensation plan.
D. “Refundable credit” means the amount of the City income tax that was paid on the non-distributed portion, if any, of a nonqualified deferred compensation plan.
(2) If, in addition to the City, a taxpayer has paid tax to other municipal corporations with respect to the nonqualified deferred compensation plan, the amount of the credit that a taxpayer may claim from each municipal corporation shall be calculated on the basis of each municipal corporation’s proportionate share of the total municipal corporation income tax paid by the taxpayer to all municipal corporations with respect to the nonqualified deferred compensation plan.
(3) In no case shall the amount of the credit allowed under this section exceed the cumulative income tax that a taxpayer has paid to the City for all taxable years with respect to the nonqualified deferred compensation plan.
(4) The credit allowed under this division is allowed only to the extent the taxpayer’s qualifying loss is attributable to:
A. The insolvency or bankruptcy of the employer who had established the nonqualified deferred compensation plan; or
B. The employee’s failure or inability to satisfy all of the employer’s terms and conditions necessary to receive the nonqualified deferred compensation.
(c) Domicile.
(1) A. An individual is presumed to be domiciled in the City for all or part of a taxable year if the individual was domiciled in the City on the last day of the immediately preceding taxable year or if the Tax Administrator reasonably concludes that the individual is domiciled in the City for all or part of the taxable year.
B. An individual may rebut the presumption of domicile described in Section 192.03(c)(1)A. if the individual establishes by a preponderance of the evidence that the individual was not domiciled in the City for all or part of the taxable year.
(2) For the purpose of determining whether an individual is domiciled in the City for all or part of a taxable year, factors that may be considered include, but are not limited to, the following:
A. The individual’s domicile in other taxable years;
B. The location at which the individual is registered to vote;
C. The address on the individual’s driver’s license;
D. The location of real estate for which the individual claimed a property tax exemption or reduction allowed on the basis of the individual’s residence or domicile;
E. The location and value of abodes owned or leased by the individual;
F. Declarations, written or oral, made by the individual regarding the individual’s residency;
G. The primary location at which the individual is employed;
H. The location of educational institutions attended by the individual’s dependents as defined in section 152 of the Internal Revenue Code, to the extent that tuition paid to such educational institution is based on the residency of the individual or the individual’s spouse in the municipal corporation where the educational institution is located;
I. The number of contact periods the individual has with the City. For the purposes of this division, an individual has one “contact period” with the City if the individual is away overnight from the individual’s abode located outside of the City and while away overnight from that abode spends at least some portion, however minimal, of each of two consecutive days in the City.
(3) All additional applicable factors are provided in the rules and regulations.
(d) Businesses. This division applies to any taxpayer engaged in a business or profession in the City, unless the taxpayer is an individual who resides in the City or the taxpayer is an electric company, combined company, or telephone company that is subject to and required to file reports under R.C. Chapter 5745.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in Section 192.03(d)(2) and (e), net profit from a business or profession conducted both within and without the boundaries of the City shall be considered as having a taxable situs in the City for purposes of municipal income taxation in the same proportion as the average ratio of the following:
A. 1. The average original cost of the real property and tangible personal property owned or used by the taxpayer in the business or profession in the City during the taxable period to the average original cost of all of the real and tangible personal property owned or used by the taxpayer in the business or profession during the same period, wherever situated.
2. As used in the preceding paragraph, tangible personal or real property shall include property rented or leased by the taxpayer and the value of such property shall be determined by multiplying the annual rental thereon by eight;
B. Wages, salaries, and other compensation paid during the taxable period to individuals employed in the business or profession for services performed in the City to wages, salaries, and other compensation paid during the same period to individuals employed in the business or profession, wherever the individual’s services are performed, excluding compensation from which taxes are not required to be withheld under Section 192.04(b);
C. Total gross receipts of the business or profession from sales and rentals made and services performed during the taxable period in the City to total gross receipts of the business or profession during the same period from sales, rentals, and services, wherever made or performed.
(2) A. If the apportionment factors described in Section 192.03(d)(1) do not fairly represent the extent of a taxpayer’s business activity in the City, the taxpayer may request, or the Tax Administrator of the City may require, that the taxpayer use, with respect to all or any portion of the income of the taxpayer, an alternative apportionment method involving one or more of the following:
1. Separate accounting;
2. The exclusion of one or more of the factors;
3. The inclusion of one or more additional factors that would provide for a more fair apportionment of the income of the taxpayer to the municipal corporation;
4. A modification of one or more of the factors.
B. A taxpayer request to use an alternative apportionment method shall be in writing and shall accompany a tax return, timely filed appeal of an assessment, or timely filed amended tax return. The taxpayer may use the requested alternative method unless the Tax Administrator denies the request in an assessment issued within the period prescribed by Section 192.12(a).
D. Nothing in this section nullifies or otherwise affects any alternative apportionment arrangement approved by the Tax Administrator or otherwise agreed upon by both the Tax Administrator and taxpayer before January 1, 2016.
(3) As used in Section 192.03(d)(1)B., “wages, salaries, and other compensation” includes only wages, salaries, or other compensation paid to an employee for services performed at any of the following locations:
A. A location that is owned, controlled, or used by, rented to, or under the possession of one of the following:
1. The employer;
2. A vendor, customer, client, or patient of the employer, or a related member of such a vendor, customer, client, or patient;
3. A vendor, customer, client, or patient of a person described in Section 192.03(d)(3)A.2., or a related member of such a vendor, customer, client, or patient.
B. Any location at which a trial, appeal, hearing, investigation, inquiry, review, court-martial, or similar administrative, judicial, or legislative matter or proceeding is being conducted, provided that the compensation is paid for services performed for, or on behalf of, the employer or that the employee’s presence at the location directly or indirectly benefits the employer;
C. Any other location, if the Tax Administrator determines that the employer directed the employee to perform the services at the other location in lieu of a location described in Section 192.03(d)(3)A. or B. solely in order to avoid or reduce the employer’s municipal income tax liability. If the Tax Administrator makes such a determination, the employer may dispute the determination by establishing, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the Tax Administrator’s determination was unreasonable.
A. Gross receipts from the sale of tangible personal property shall be sitused to the municipal corporation in which the sale originated. For the purposes of this division, a sale of property originates in the City if, regardless of where title passes, the property meets any of the following criteria:
1. The property is shipped to or delivered within the City from a stock of goods located within the City.
2. The property is delivered within the City from a location outside the City, provided the taxpayer is regularly engaged through its own employees in the solicitation or promotion of sales within the City and the sales result from such solicitation or promotion.
3. The property is shipped from a place within the City to purchasers outside the City, provided that the taxpayer is not, through its own employees, regularly engaged in the solicitation or promotion of sales at the place where delivery is made.
B. Gross receipts from the sale of services shall be sitused to the City to the extent that such services are performed in the City.
C. To the extent included in income, gross receipts from the sale of real property located in the City shall be sitused to the City.
D. To the extent included in income, gross receipts from rents and royalties from real property located in the City shall be sitused to the City.
E. Gross receipts from rents and royalties from tangible personal properly shall be sitused to the City based upon the extent to which the tangible personal property is used in the City.
(5) The net profit received by an individual taxpayer from the rental of real estate owned directly by the individual, or by a disregarded entity owned by the individual, shall be subject to the City’s tax only if the property generating the net profit is located in the City or if the individual taxpayer that receives the net profit is a resident of the City. The City shall allow such taxpayers to elect to use separate accounting for the purpose of calculating net profit sitused under this division to the municipal corporation in which the property is located.
(6) A. Commissions received by a real estate agent or broker relating to the sale, purchase, or lease of real estate shall be sitused to the municipal corporation in which the real estate is located. Net profit reported by the real estate agent or broker shall be allocated to the City, if applicable, based upon the ratio of the commissions the agent or broker received from the sale, purchase, or lease of real estate located in the City to the commissions received from the sale, purchase, or lease of real estate everywhere in the taxable year.
B. An individual who is a resident of the City shall report the individual’s net profit from all real estate activity on the individual’s annual tax return for the City. The individual may claim a credit for taxes the individual paid on such net profit to another municipal corporation to the extent that such a credit is allowed under the City’s income tax ordinance.
(7) When calculating the ratios described in Section 192.03(d)(1) for the purposes of that division or Section 192.03(d)(2), the owner of a disregarded entity shall include in the owner’s ratios the property, payroll, and gross receipts of such disregarded entity.
(8) Intentionally left blank.
(9) Intentionally left blank.
(e) (l) As used in this division:
A. "Qualifying remote employee or owner" means an individual who is an employee of a taxpayer or who is a partner or member holding an ownership interest in a taxpayer that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, provided that the individual meets both of the following criteria:
1. The taxpayer has assigned the individual to a qualifying reporting location.
2. The individual is permitted or required to perform services for the taxpayer at a qualifying remote work location.
B. "Qualifying remote work location" means a permanent or temporary location at which an employee or owner chooses or is required to perform services for the taxpayer, other than a reporting location of the taxpayer or any other location owned or controlled by a customer or client of the taxpayer. "Qualifying remote work location" may include the residence of an employee or owner and may be located outside of a municipal corporation that imposes an income tax in accordance with this chapter. An employee or owner may have more than one qualifying remote work location during a taxable year.
C. "Reporting location" means either of the following:
1. A permanent or temporary place of doing business, such, as an office, warehouse, storefront, construction site, or similar location, that is owned or controlled directly or indirectly by the taxpayer;
2. Any location in this state owned or controlled by a customer or client of the taxpayer, provided that the taxpayer is required to withhold taxes under Section 192.04, on qualifying wages paid to an employee for the performance of personal services at that location.
D. "Qualifying reporting location" means one of the following:
1. The reporting location in this state at which an employee or owner performs services for the taxpayer on a regular or periodic basis during the taxable year;
2. If no reporting location exists in this state for an employee or owner under division (e)(l)D.1. of this section, the reporting location in this state at which the employee's or owner's supervisor regularly or periodically reports during the taxable year;
3. If no reporting location exists in this state for an employee or owner under division (e)(1)D.1. or 2. of this section, the location that the taxpayer otherwise assigns as the employee's or owner's qualifying reporting location, provided the assignment is made in good faith, and is recorded and maintained in the taxpayer's business records. A taxpayer may change the qualifying reporting location designated for an employee or owner under this division at any time.
(2) For tax years ending on or after December 31, 2023, a taxpayer may elect to apply the provisions of this division to the apportionment of its net profit from a business or profession. For taxpayers that make this election, the provisions of division (d) of this section apply to such apportionment except as otherwise provided in this division.
A taxpayer shall make the election allowed under this division in writing on or with the taxpayer's net profit return or, if applicable, a timely filed amended net profit return or a timely filed appeal of an assessment. The election applies to the taxable year for which that return or appeal is filed and for all subsequent taxable years, until the taxpayer revokes the election.
The taxpayer shall make the initial election with the tax administrator of each municipal corporation with which, after applying the apportionment provisions authorized in this division, the taxpayer is required to file a net profit tax return for that taxable year. A taxpayer shall not be required to notify the tax administrator of a municipal corporation in which a qualifying remote employee's or owner's qualifying remote work location is located, unless the taxpayer is otherwise required to file a net profit return with that municipal corporation due to business operations that are unrelated to the employee's or owner's activity at the qualifying remote work location.
After the taxpayer makes the initial election, the election applies to every municipal corporation in which the taxpayer conducts business. The taxpayer shall not be required to file a net profit return with a municipal corporation solely because a qualifying remote employee's or owner's qualifying remote work location is located in such municipal corporation.
Nothing in this division prohibits a taxpayer from making a new election under this division after properly revoking a prior election.
(3) For the purpose of calculating the ratios described in division (d)(1) of this section, all of the following apply to a taxpayer that has made the election described in division (e)(2) of this section:
A. For the purpose of division (d)(1)A. of this section, the average original cost of any tangible personal property used by a qualifying remote employee or owner at that individual's qualifying remote work location shall be sitused to that individual's qualifying reporting location.
B. For the purpose of division (d)(1)B. of this section, any wages, salaries, and other compensation paid during the taxable period to a qualifying remote employee or owner for services performed at that individual's qualifying remote work location shall be sitused to that individual's qualifying reporting location.
C. For the purpose of division (d)(1)C. of this section, and notwithstanding division (d)(4) of this section, any gross receipts of the business or profession from services performed during the taxable period by a qualifying remote employee or owner for services performed at that individual's qualifying remote work location shall be sitused to that individual's qualifying reporting location.
(4) Nothing in this division prevents a taxpayer from requesting, or a tax administrator from requiring, that the taxpayer use, with respect to all or a portion of the income of the taxpayer, an alternative apportionment method as described in division (d)(2) of this section. However, a tax administrator shall not require an alternative apportionment method in such a manner that it would require a taxpayer to file a net profit return with a municipal corporation solely because a qualifying remote employee's or owner's qualifying remote work location is located in that municipal corporation.
(5) Except as otherwise provided in this division, nothing in this division is intended to affect the withholding of taxes on qualifying wages pursuant to Section 192.04.
(Ord. 2015-115. Passed 11-23-15; Ord. 2018-113. Passed 8-16-18; Ord. 2023-1. Passed 1-17-23; Ord. 2023-164. Passed 12-4-23.)