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ARTICLE XI OFF-STREET PARKING REGULATIONS
In all zones, off-street parking facilities for the storage or parking of motor vehicles for use of occupants, employees, and patrons of the building hereafter erected, altered or extended, and all uses of the land after the effective date of this appendix, shall be provided and maintained as herein prescribed. However, where a building permit has been issued prior to the date of adoption of this appendix and provided that construction has not begun within ninety (90) consecutive calendar days of such effective date, off-street parking facilities in the amounts required by this appendix shall prevail.
(Ord. 2017-6, passed 4-4-17)
A. Computation of parking spaces: in determining the number of parking spaces required, if such spaces result in fractional parts thereof, the number of said spaces required shall be construed to be the next highest whole number.
B. Additional parking spaces to be provided: whenever the intensity of use of any building, structure, or premises shall be increase through addition of dwelling units, gross floor area, seating capacity, or other units of measurement specified herein, additional parking spaces shall be provided in the amounts hereafter specified for that use, if the existing parking space is inadequate to serve that increase in intensity of use.
C. Location of off-street parking facilities:
1. Off-street parking facilities shall be located as follows:
a. Single-Family Residential zones (R-1B, R-1C, R1D, R-lE, R-lG, R-lH, R-1-JJ) off-street parking may be permitted in driveways in the front, side, and rear yards of permitted uses in these zones, provided all requirements of this appendix are met. Additionally, off-street parking may be located in the minimum rear yard. Off-street parking areas, including driveways, located in the front yard in a single-family residential zone may not be greater than ten feet wide unless the ratio of unpaved area to paved area (grass area to parking and driveway areas) in the front yard is at least two to one. However, the Board of Adjustment may grant a variance to the two-to-one ratio if it determines that construction of the paved area will not adversely affect adjacent property owners.
b. Multi-Family residential and mobile home park zones (R-2, R-3, R-4, RMHP): Off-street parking is permitted in minimum required side or rear yards of permitted uses in these zones. Off-street parking may be permitted in required front yards, only if approved by the Planning Commission according to the required site plan.
c. Special Development Zones (PUD, RCD, MLU): Off-street parking shall be located as designated on the approved site plan.
d. Commercial and industrial zones (CBD, IP). Except as herein provided, off-street parking may be permitted in minimum required front, side, and rear yards of these zones in accordance with a site plan that is approved by the Planning Commission.
2. All off-street parking facilities shall be located on the same lot or zoning lot as the building served except for the following:
a. Permitted uses located within multi-family and industrial zones may supply off-street parking within 300 feet from the lot served, upon approval of the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator, providing that the off street parking facilities are unable to be provided on the same lot or contiguous to the same lot as the building being served. In addition, the off-street parking shall be located in the same zone as the use being served.
b. Existing single, two, or multi-family dwellings, which are permitted uses herein and occupy a lot of such size that off-street parking could not be provided on the same lot as the use being served, said off-street parking may be permitted to locate within a distance not to exceed 300 feet from the dwelling upon approval of the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator. In addition, the off street parking lot shall be located in the same zone as the use being served.
c. Off-street parking, as required for conditional uses may be permitted to locate on another lot than the building or use being served is located, when approved by the Board of Adjustment, provided that the parking is located within reasonable walking distance of the use or building being served and available at all times without restrictions for those purposes.
d. Off-street parking facilities for uses permitted in the CBD Zone may be located on another zoning lot provided that it is located within the boundaries of the CBD Zone and approved by the Planning Commission.
D. Collective parking provision: collective off-street parking facilities may be provided; however, the area for parking facilities shall not be less than would otherwise be individually required except as provided under division E. below.
E. Shared parking provision:
1. When any land or building is under the same ownership or upon submission of satisfactory guarantees of the continued operation and proper maintenance of the shared parking facility, and proposed development is for two or more land uses excluding residential uses, the number of minimum required parking spaces shall be computed by multiplying the minimum number of parking spaces normally required for each land use by the appropriate percentage as shown in the following shared parking credit table for each of the five time periods shown. The number of parking spaces required is then determined by adding the results in each column: the column total that generates the highest number of parking spaces becomes the minimum parking requirement.
Shared Parking Credit Table Time of Operation
Weekday | Weekend | ||||
Land Use Type | Day 6am-6pm | Evening 6pm- midnight | Day 6am-6pm | Evening 6pm- midnight | Night midnight- 6am |
Office/industrial | 100% | 10% | 10% | 5% | 5% |
Retail/personal service | 60% | 90% | 100% | 70% | 5% |
Hotel, motel | 75% | 100% | 75% | 100% | 75% |
Restaurant | 50% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 10% |
Indoor theater/ commercial recreational establishment | 40% | 100% | 80% | 100% | 10% |
2. The following requirements shall apply to any shared parking facility for mixed use development.
a. The shared parking facility must be located within 500 feet walking distance of the entrance to the establishment to be served. Said walkway access shall provide a safe means of pedestrian access to and from the establishment being served.
b. Reserved spaces shall not be shared.
c. It shall be determined at the time of parking facility plan approval that shared parking is possible and appropriate at the location proposed. Particular attention is needed to assure that sufficient and convenient short-term parking will be available to commercial establishments during the weekday daytime period. The short-term shared parking spaces must be located in the most convenient and visible area of the parking facility nearest the establishment being served.
d. Any subsequent change in use shall require the issuance of a new zoning permit and proof that minimum parking requirements, per these regulations, will be met.
e. Shared parking may be utilized for other uses, which are not shown in the parking credit table. The applicant shall prepare a similar calculation for the proposed uses, indicating the estimated percentage of each time period, based upon current parking information. Documentation shall be submitted by the applicant to demonstrate that the normal and regular operating hours of the uses proposing a shared parking arrangement do not coincide or overlap in any manner.
F. Driveways not computed as part of required parking area: entrances, exits, or driveways shall not be computed as any part of a required parking lot or area, except in the case of single-family residential zones, where access driveways may be used for parking.
G. Off-street parking space to be used for parking only: any vehicle parking space shall be used for parking only. Any other use of such space, including repair work or servicing of any kind other than in an emergency, or the requirement of any payment for the use of that space, shall be deemed to constitute a separate commercial use in violation of the provisions of this appendix.
H. No building shall be erected in off-street parking space: no building of any kind shall be erected in any off-street parking lot, except a parking garage containing parking spaces equal to the requirements set forth in this section or a shelter house booth for a parking attendant providing the number of spaces required are not reduced.
I. Parking plan approval required: plans for all parking lot facilities, including parking garages, shall be submitted to the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator for review and for compliance with the provisions of this appendix and such other pertinent ordinances of the city. These plans shall show the number of spaces and arrangements of parking aisles, location of access points onto adjacent streets, provisions for vehicular and pedestrian circulation, location of sidewalks and curbs on or adjacent to the property, utilities, location of shelters for parking attendant, locations of signs, typical cross-sections of pavement, base and subbase proposed grade of parking lot, storm drainage facilities, location and type of lighting facilities and such other information or plans as the circumstances may warrant. Where parking plans include provisions for access points to adjacent streets, then those plans shall also be prepared in accordance with the requirements of § 11.3.
(Ord. 2017-6, passed 4-4-17)
A. Size of off-street parking spaces: for the purposes of this appendix, one parking space shall be a minimum of 162 square feet in area, exclusive of access drives or aisles, and shall be a minimum of nine feet in width and eighteen feet (18') in length. However, a maximum of fifteen percent (15%) of the number of required parking spaces may be a minimum of 128 square feet in area, exclusive of access drives or aisles, and a minimum of eight feet (8') in width and sixteen feet (16') in length so long as each such parking space is designated in plain view as for use of compact cars only. The parking space shall have a vertical clearance of at least seven feet (7').
B. Width of access drives:
1. All off-street parking areas shall be laid out with the following minimum aisle or access drive widths:
a. Ninety (90) degree (perpendicular) parking: twenty two feet (22') (either one or two-way circulation);
b. Sixty (60) degree (angle) parking: fifteen (15) feet (one-way circulation only);
c. Forty-five (45) (angle) parking: twelve (12) feet (one way-circulation only);
d. Thirty (30) degree (angle) parking: eleven (11) feet (one-way circulation only);
e. Zero degree (parallel) parking: 12 feet (one-way circulation).
2. When any combination of these types of parking is used (facing the same aisle), the most restricted aisle or access drive width requirements shall prevail. In addition, a two foot (2') overhang may be permitted on the external sides of a parking area. If the width of the parking space is increased over nine feet (9'), the drive aisle width can be decreased two feet (2') in width in drive the aisle per one foot (1') increase in space width, except that a drive aisle for two-way traffic may not be decreased below twenty feet (20') in width and a drive aisle for one-way traffic may not be decreased below eleven feet (11') in width.
C. Access to off-street parking spaces: access to off-street parking spaces. Each required parking space shall be connected with a deeded public right-of-way by means of aisles or access drives as required by division B. of this section. The parking area shall be so designated to ensure that all maneuvering into and out of each parking space shall take place entirely within property lines of lots, garages, or storage areas.
D. Off-street parking areas in multi-family, commercial, or Industrial zones: all such parking areas shall have a protective wall or bumper blocks around the perimeter of the parking area and shall be so designed that all vehicles leaving the facility will be traveling forward to approaching traffic. All perking shall be effectively screened on each side adjoining or fronting on any property situated in a zone permitting single-family residential development, by a solid wall, fence or densely planted compact hedge as regulated by § 154.052. Ground cover shrubs and trees shall be located and maintained so as to not interfere with vehicular and pedestrian traffic on the property or with sight distance clearances at entrances and exits.
E. Lighting: any lighting used to illuminate off-street parking areas shall not glare upon any right-of-way or adjacent property.
F. Paving of new off-street parking: all new off-street parking facilities shall be paved with asphalt concrete or Portland Cement concrete and shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the applicable standards adopted by the city council.
(Ord. 2017-6, passed 4-4-17)
A. The amount of off street parking space required for uses, building, or additions and/or changes in intensity of use thereto shall be determined according to the following requirements, and the space so required shall be stated in the application for a zoning and building permit and shall be reserved for that use. Where more than one use is located in the same building, each individual use shall be in accordance with the off-street parking requirements of this section of the chapter.
Types of Uses | Required Number of Parking Spaces |
Types of Uses | Required Number of Parking Spaces |
Airport, railroad passenger stations and bus terminals | One parking space per each four seating accommodations for waiting passengers, plus one parking space per each two employees on shift of largest employment |
Automobile serve stations (gas stations, filling stations) | One space for each gas pump island, plus two spaces for each working bay, plus one parking space for each employee on largest shift |
Beauty parlors or barber shops | Two parking spaces per barber or beauty shop operator |
Bowling establishments | Five parking spaces for each lane; plus one space for each two employees on shift of largest employment |
Car wash | One parking space for each employee, plus one space per owner or manager and reservoir space equal to five times the capacity of car wash |
City or county government offices | One parking space for each 300 square feet of gross floor area |
Commercial or trade schools | One parking space for each two students based on design capacity of school, plus one parking space for each employee |
Dance halls, pool and billiard halls, and exhibition halls without fixed seats | One parking space for each four persons based on design capacity, plus one space for each two employees on shift of largest employment |
Dormitories, fraternities, sorority houses, and other group housing | One parking space per each two residents, plus one parking space per owner or operator; plus one parking space per employee; or one parking space for each two seats for membership meetings, whichever is greater, based on design capacity |
Dwellings: One-family | Two parking spaces |
Two-family | Four parking spaces, with individual access for each dwelling unit, or a joint access in which no parking is permitted on the access drive. |
Dwellings: (A) Multi-family (Am. Ord. 920.20, passed 5-7-85) | One and one-half parking spaces for every one or two bedroom dwelling unit and two parking spaces for ever dwelling unit with three or more bedrooms |
(B) Multi-family designed for occupancy by elderly persons, only | One parking space for every two dwelling units |
Establishments for sale and consumption on the premises of alcoholic beverages, food, and refreshments, or for take home food services | One parking space per each: (1) 30 square feet of gross floor area in a drive-in restaurant; (2) 140 square feet of gross floor area in a carry-out restaurant; (3) 65 square feet of gross floor area or two seating accommodations, based on maximum seating capacity, whichever is greater in a combination restaurant; (4) Three seating accommodations, based on maximum seating capacity in a sit-down restaurant; plus one parking space per each two employees on shift of largest employment in any type or restaurant |
Fire stations | One parking space per each person on duty on largest shift |
Hospitals | One parking space for each two beds, plus one space for each two employees, or staff members, including nurses, on the shift of largest employment, plus one parking space per doctor. |
Laundromats | One parking space for each four washing machines, plus one parking space for every two employees. |
Libraries, museums, and art galleries | One parking space per each four seats in rooms for public assembly or one parking space for each 50 square feet of gross floor area for use by the public, whichever is greater, plus one space for each two employees on shift of largest employment |
Medical offices or clinics | Five parking spaces per each practitioner; plus one parking space per each two employees, or one parking space per each 200 square feet of gross floor area in the building plus one parking space for each two employees, whichever is greater. |
Mortuaries or funeral homes | One parking space for each four seats in the main chapel or public assembly area based on maximum seating capacity, plus one parking space for each funeral vehicle and employee, or in the case of no fixed seats, one parking space for each 50 square feet of floor area in parlors or service rooms, or one parking space for each four persons, based on designed capacity of building, whichever is greater plus one parking space for each funeral vehicle and employee |
Offices for professional, business and financial, real estate and business purposes other than medical offices and/or clinics | Three parking spaces per 1000 square feet of gross leasable area |
Post offices | One parking space for each 300 square feet of gross floor area, plus one parking space for each two employees on the shift of the largest employment; plus one space for each vehicle operating from the premises |
Private clubs, boarding houses, and lodge halls | One parking space for each guest sleeping room, or one parking space per each four fixed seats in the main assembly area, whichever is greater, plus one parking space for each two employees, or in the case of no fixed seats, one parking space for each two employees. |
Retail and personal service stores | Three parking spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross leasable area |
Schools: Elementary, junior high and equivalent, private or parochial schools | One parking space per teacher and administrator or one space for each four seats in the auditorium, stadium, and other places of assembly or facilities available to the public based on maximum seating capacity, which is greater |
Schools: Senior high, trade and vocational ,colleges and universities, and equivalent private or parochial schools | Six spaces per each room to be used for instruction or administrative offices or one space for each four seats in the auditorium or stadium, and other places of assembly or facilities available to the public, based on maximum seating capacity, whichever is greater |
Shopping centers | Three parking spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross leasable area |
Stadium and sports arenas and other recreational facilities | One parking space for each four seats, based on a maximum seating capacity, plus one space for each two employees on shift of largest employment |
Theaters, auditoriums, churches, and places of assembly with fixed seats | One parking space for each four seats based on maximum seating capacity, plus one additional space for each two employees on shift of largest employment |
Tourist homes, cabins, motels or hotels, excluding areas used for meeting rooms and places of assembly | One parking space for each sleeping room or suite, plus on space per each two employees on shift of largest employment |
Industrial establishments, including manufacturing, research, and testing laboratories | Two parking spaces for each three employees, the total number of parking spaces being the total number of employees on any two consecutive shifts having the largest number of employees, based on design capacity, plus one parking space for each company vehicle operating from the premises |
Wholesale establishments, warehouses, and storage buildings | One parking space for each employee, plus one parking space for each company vehicle operating from the premises |
All other uses not listed herein | Based on study to be prepared by owner or operator; number of spaces to be required determined according to: (1) Type of use and estimated number of total trips generated during peak conditions (inbound and outbound); (2) Estimated parking duration per vehicle trip (turn-over rates); (3) Based on estimated number of trips generated and average parking duration per trip, calculate number of spaces required; (4) Estimated number of employees (one space to be provided for each two employees based on the shift of maximum employment) |
B. In areas served by regularly scheduled public transit during the operating hours of the type of use, the parking ratios may be adjusted as follows:
1. In NCD, CBD, and R-1JJ zones minimum off-street automobile parking ratios residential uses for may be reduced by up to fifty (50) percent as approved in the final site plan from the otherwise applicable standards for new construction or rehabilitation or reuse of existing structures located within six hundred (600) fee of a public transit stop.
2. In NCD and CBD zones minimum off-street automobile parking ratios for non-residential uses may be reduced by up to seventy-five (75%) percent as approved in the final site plan from the otherwise applicable standrds for new construction or rehabilitation or reuse of existing structures located within six hundred (600) fee of a public transit stop. Any reduction in minimum off-street automobile parking ratios in excess of fifty (50%) percent shall be approved only as a conditional use.
(Ord. 2017-6, passed 4-4-17)
In order to promote greater safety of passage between highway and land; improve the convenience and ease of movement of travelers on the highway; permit reasonable speeds and economy of travel; and increase and protect the capacity of the highway, the location and design of access points shall be in accordance with the following access control requirements, these requirements shall apply to all arterial and collector type streets as identified in the adopted Comprehensive Plan:
A. Provision of reserved turning lanes: at those access points where vehicles turning to and from the arterial and collector streets will affect the roadway capacity reserved turn lanes shall be constructed by the developer.
B. Provision of frontage road: where possible, provision for the construction of a frontage road shall be made. However, access to the arterial or collector streets via an intersecting street or a common driveway shall be investigated if the design is not reasonable.
C. Coordination of access ponts: major access points on opposite sides of the arterial and collector streets shall be located opposite each other, otherwise turning movement restrictions may be imposed by the Planning Commission or City Inspector/Zoning Administrator, whichever is applicable in addition, in order to maximize the efficient utilization of access points, access drive shall be designed, located, and constructed in a manner to provide and make possible the coordination of access with and between adjacent properties developed (present or future) for similar uses. As a condition of approval for construction, use, or reuse of any access road, the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator may require that unobstructed and unencumbered access, in accordance with the provisions of this appendix, be provided from any access point to adjacent properties.
D. Spacing restrictions for signalized access points:
1. Access points which will warrant signalization shall be spaced a minimum distance of 1/4 miles apart. The exact location of the signal light shall be determined by a traffic engineering study which shall at least account for the following variables:
a. Speed;
b. Traffic signal phasing;
c. Traffic signal cycle length;
d. Roadway geometrics; and
e. Accident experience
2. Provision for all turning movements to maintain the design capacity of the roadway shall be required.
E. Sight distance: the location of access points shall comply with safe sight distance requirements as provided in Table 1 of this section. The centerline of all access points shall intersect as nearly at a 90 degree angle as possible, but in no case shall the angle of intersection be less than 75 degrees or greater than 105 degrees, unless approved by the Planning Commission or City inspector/Zoning Administrator, whichever is applicable, due to certain exceptional conditions.
F. Location of un-signalzied access point:
1. Arterial streets.
a. Un-signalized access points shall be spaced a minimum distance of 600 feet apart. Turning restrictions or reserved turn lanes may be required.
b. One access point per existing tract will be permitted; however, if the spacing requirements for a direct access point onto an arterial street (as provided in division F.1.a. above) cannot be met, then an access point may be located on a frontage road or on an intersecting local street, or share a common driveway that meets the spacing requirements. In order for the intersecting local street or frontage road to function properly, access onto them should be controlled as follows:
1) Access points onto local streets intersecting an arterial street shall be spaced a minimum distance of 100 feet, measured from point of curb return to point of curb return, from the arterial street.
2) In areas zoned to permit commercial, industrial, or multi-family residential use, access points from adjacent properties onto frontage roads, shall be no less than 100 feet measured from point of curb return to point of curb return from intersections of the frontage road with local or collector streets.
c. Where the frontage of a tract is greater than 500 feet an additional access point may be permitted; however, the type of access will depend on the spacing requirements in division F.1.a. of this section. If the frontage of the tract is large enough, then at least one of the access points may have direct access onto the arterial street, provided the spacing between the adjacent access points meet the requirements of division F.1.a. of this section and all other requirements of this section. In the case where the frontage allows only one point of direct access due to spacing restrictions as provided herein, the second access point will be via a frontage road or an intersecting local street, or share a common driveway that meets the spacing restrictions as provided along the arterial street.
d. If a tract of land has no means of access that would meet the requirements of this section, one access point shall be provided. However, all such access points shall be considered a temporary right-of-way and may be terminated, reduced, limited to certain turning movements, or caused to be relocated by the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator at that time as the particular use served by the access point changes or the property is otherwise provided an alternate means of access via a frontage road or an intersecting local street or sharing of a common driveway. Provisions for the construction of a frontage road, restricted turning movements, or other improvements, may be required, as a condition to approval, in order to minimize the number of access points and congestion to the adjacent street. In all cases where access points are classified as temporary, the designation shall be duly noted on the plot plan or site plan submitted for a zoning permit and also upon the deed of the property in question.
2. Collector streets.
a. On two lane roadway, one access point per existing tract will be allowed; however, if the frontage is greater than 500 feet, an additional access point may be permitted. Furthermore, the minimum spacing between adjacent access points on this type of facility shall be 100 feet, measured from point of curb return to point of curb return, except in the case where the street intersects another collector street or arterial street, then the access points shall be spaced a minimum of 300 feet from the intersection.
b. On multi-lane roadways the spacing is dependent on whether or not a barrier median exists (prohibiting left turn movements). If a barrier median exists, access points may be spaced as close as 300 feet; however, certain turning movements will be prohibited. If a barrier median does not exist, then the minimum spacing of access points shall be 600 feet. In addition, some turning movements may be prohibited.
c. One access point per existing tract will be allowed; however, if the spacing requirements for a direct access point, as provided in division F.2.a. of this section, cannot be met, then an access point may be located on a frontage road or on an intersecting street or share a common driveway that meets the spacing requirements.
d. If a tract of land has no means of access that would meet the requirements of this section, one access point shall be provided. However, all such access points shall be considered a temporary right-of-way and may be terminated, reduced, limited to certain turning movements or caused to be relocated by the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator at that time as the particular use served by the access point changes, or the property is otherwise provided an alternate means of access via a frontage road or an intersecting local street or share a common driveway. Provisions for the construction of a frontage road, restricted turning movements, or other improvements, may be required, as a condition to approval, in order to minimize the number of access points and congestion to the adjacent street. In all cases where access points are classified as temporary, the designation shall be duly noted on the plot plan or site plan submitted for a zoning permit and also upon the deed of the property in question.
G. Width of access points:
1. In single-family residential zones, no access point width shall be less than nine feet, nor more than 20 feet. In all other zones, access points shall not be less than 12 feet, nor more than 48 feet in width. The width shall be as measured from the point of curb return to point of curb return (or edge of pavement if no curb exists) excluding the curb radius.
2. The City Inspector/Zoning Administrator may modify (enlarge or reduce) the width to provide for a more efficient and safe channelization of flow of traffic.
H. Exceptions to access points requirements: where situations develop that may require special treatment, the requirements as provided in § 11.3 first six types of uses, may be varied provided that a traffic engineering report is prepared by a qualified traffic engineer, establishing that the special treatment will have no adverse effects on the roadway safety and capacity.
I. Access point problem areas: if after special study, it is determined that the type of use or activity proposed would have an adverse effect on the safety and capacity of the adjacent roadway, the access point spacing requirements as contained in this section may have to be increased in order to adequately solve the traffic movement.
J. Approval of access points required: plans for all access points and modification access points thereto (including plans to use existing access points where a change of use for any tract of land would generate more traffic than the previous use, thus producing an adverse effect on the adjacent roadway) shall be submitted to the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator and the Northern Kentucky Area Planning Commission staff, at a scale not less than one equals 100 feet. No action of approving or rejecting these plans by the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator shall be taken until a review and recommendation of the plans has been made by the Northern Kentucky Area Planning Commission staff. The plans shall show the location of all access points, and access points within 600 feet in either direction.
The proposed access point shall include typical cross sections of pavement, the base and subbase, proposed grade and storm drainage, and any other information or plans that the circumstances may warrant. If the access points are being located in conjunction with off-street parking or loading and unloading facilities, then those plans shall also include parking and off-street loading or unloading plans, in accordance with §§ 11.0 through 12.2.
K. Approval of access points along state-maintained routes by Kentucky Department of Transportation: a copy of the plans for all access points to be constructed along a state-maintained route shall also be submitted to the Kentucky Department of Transportation for review and approval during the same time as plans are submitted to the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator, as provided for in § 11.3.
L. No access point plans shall be approved or permits issued for construction by the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator until these access point plans have been approved by the Kentucky Department of Transportation.
(Ord. 2017-6, passed 4-4-17)
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