(a) Applicability of Parking Requirements. For all buildings and uses established after the effective date of this code, off-street parking shall be provided as required by this chapter.
(1) Whenever use of a building or lot is changed to another classification of use, off-street parking facilities shall be provided, as required by this chapter.
(2) If the intensity of use of any building or lot is increased, through the addition of floor area, increase in seating capacity, number of employees or other means, additional off-street parking shall be provided, as required by this chapter.
(3) Off-street parking facilities in existence on the effective date of this code shall not be reduced below the requirements of this chapter, nor shall nonconforming parking facilities that exist as of the effective date of this code be further reduced or made more nonconforming.
(4) An area designated as required off-street parking shall not be changed to another use, unless equal facilities are provided elsewhere in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.
(b) Location. Off-street parking facilities required for all uses other than single and two-family dwellings shall be located on the lot or within 300 feet of the building(s) or use they are intended to serve, as measured along lines of public access from the nearest point of the parking facility to the building(s) or use served. Off-street parking facilities required for single- and two-family dwellings shall be located on the same lot or plot of ground as the building they are intended to serve, and shall consist of a parking strip, parking apron, and/or garage. All residential driveways shall meet Village engineering standards. In the B-1, Central Business District, parking facilities shall be located within 600 feet of the building or use to be served.
(c) Shared/Common Parking.
(1) Two or more buildings or uses may share a common parking facility, provided the number of parking spaces available equals the required number of spaces for all the uses computed separately. Cumulative parking requirements for mixed-use developments or shared facilities may be reduced by the Planning Commission where it can be determined that one or more of the factors listed in subsection (d) below apply.
(2) Parking facilities for a church or place of worship may be used to meet not more than 50% of the off-street parking for theaters, stadiums and other places of public assembly, stores, office buildings and industrial establishments lying within 600 feet of a church or place of worship, as measured along lines of public access; provided, the church or place of worship makes the spaces available and there is no conflict between times when the uses are in need of the parking facilities.
(d) Modification of Parking Requirements. The Planning Commission may reduce the parking space requirements of this chapter for any use, based upon a finding that other forms of travel are available and likely to be used and, in particular, the site design will incorporate both bicycle parking facilities and pedestrian connections. In addition, one or more of the following conditions shall also be met:
(1) Shared parking by multiple uses where there will be a high proportion of multi-purpose visits or where uses have peak parking demands during differing times of the day or days of the week and meeting the following requirements:
A. Pedestrian connections shall be maintained between the uses.
B. For separate lots, shared parking areas shall be adjacent to each other, with pedestrian and vehicular connections maintained between the lots.
C. Unless the multiple uses all are within a unified business center, office park or industrial park all under the same ownership, shared parking agreements shall be filed with the Clerk of Council after approval by the Planning Commission.
(2) Convenient municipal off-street parking or on-street spaces are located adjacent to the subject property.
(3) Expectation of walk-in trade is reasonable due to sidewalk connections to adjacent residential neighborhoods or employment centers. To allow for a parking space reduction, the site design shall incorporate pedestrian connections to the site and on-site pedestrian circulation, providing safe and convenient access to the building entrance.
(4) Where the applicant has provided a parking study, conducted by a qualified traffic engineer, demonstrating that another standard would be more appropriate based on actual number of employees, expected level of customer traffic, or actual counts at a similar establishment.
(5) The Planning Commission may require a parking study to document that any one or more of the criteria in subsections (d)(1) through (4) above would be met.
(e) Deferred Parking.
(1) Where a reduction in the number of parking spaces is not warranted, but an applicant demonstrates that the parking requirements for a proposed use would be excessive, the Planning Commission may defer some of the required parking. A site plan shall designate portions of the site for future construction of the required parking spaces, meeting the design and dimensional requirements of this chapter. Any area so designated shall be maintained in a landscaped appearance and not occupy required buffers, greenbelts or parking lot setbacks, or be used for any other purpose. Landscaping, such as parking lot trees, that would otherwise be required for the deferred spaces shall be installed within the deferred parking area.
(2) The deferred parking shall meet the requirements of this chapter, if constructed. Construction of the additional parking spaces within the deferred parking area may be initiated by the owner or required by the Village, based on parking needs or observation, and shall require approval of an amended site plan.
(f) Temporary Parking. It is recognized that there may be special events or situations that occur infrequently which would result in a temporary reduction in the availability of required parking spaces or create a need for temporary off-site parking. Such events could include outdoor vehicle sales, festivals, fairs, church/school car washes or garage sales. In those instances, the Zoning Administrator may authorize the temporary use of the required parking area or temporary off-site parking upon a demonstration by the applicant that:
(1) The loss of the required parking spaces may be offset by requiring employees or customers to park elsewhere or that due to the time of year or nature of the on-site business, the required spaces are not needed;
(2) Permission has been granted by neighboring property owners or operators to use their parking facilities;
(3) The duration of the special event is so short or of such a nature as to not create any parking problems for the normal operation of the existing on-site use;
(4) Temporary off-site parking is located and designed to ensure safe and efficient circulation for both pedestrians and vehicles (a site plan may be required to demonstrate this);
(5) The proposed special event satisfies all other applicable Village regulations.
(g) Maximum Allowed Parking. In order to minimize excessive areas of pavement that detract from aesthetics, contribute to high rates of storm water runoff and generate reflective heat, the minimum parking space requirements of this section shall not be exceeded by more than 10%, unless approved by the Planning Commission as part of site plan review. In approving additional parking space, the Planning Commission shall determine that the parking is necessary, based on documented evidence, to accommodate the use on a typical day.
(h) Downtown Parking. There are no minimum parking requirements in the B-1 Central Business District. The Village encourages off-street parking alternatives, such as shared use private parking lot agreements with adjacent property owners, including information on peak hours of service and estimated maximum number of customers, on site bicycle parking facilities, and/or requiring employees to park further away from businesses.
(i) Bicycle Parking. Accommodation for bicycle parking is encouraged in all districts, but especially in the B-1, Central Business District, and the E-I, Educational Institution District.
(j) Required Off-Street Parking Spaces. The minimum number of required off-street parking spaces shall be provided and maintained on the premises or as otherwise allowed by this chapter, on the basis of the applicable requirements of Table 1264.02. As a condition of approval, the Village Council may require that a performance guarantee be posted, in accordance with the provisions of Section 1272.04.
(1) When units or measurements determining the number of required parking spaces result in a fraction over one-half, a full parking space shall be required.
(2) In the case of a use not specifically mentioned, the requirement for off-street parking facilities for a specified use which is most similar, as determined by the Zoning Administrator, shall apply.
(3) Each 24 inches of bench, pew, or similar seating facilities shall be counted as one seat, except if specifications and plans filed in conjunction with a building permit application specify a maximum seating capacity, that number may be used as the basis for required parking spaces.
(4) Where parking requirements are based upon maximum seating or occupancy capacity, the capacity shall be as determined by the Building Code and Fire Code.
(5) Unless otherwise indicated, floor area shall be usable floor area (UFA).
Use | Number of Parking Spaces | |
Residential Uses | ||
Accessory dwellings | 1 space per dwelling unit. | |
Bed and breakfast | 2 for the owner/operator and 1 per leasable room. | |
Boarding or rooming house | 1 space per 2 beds, plus 2 additional spaces for owner or employees. | |
Dormitories, fraternities and similar student housing | 1 per 3 occupants, plus 1 per 2 full-time equivalent employees. | |
Group homes, juvenile and adult | 1 per 4 occupants. | |
Multiple-family residential dwellings | 2 spaces per dwelling unit. | |
Pocket neighborhood development | 1.5 spaces per dwelling unit. | |
Senior apartments and senior independent living | 1.25 spaces per unit. Should units revert to general occupancy, the requirements for multiple family dwellings shall apply. | |
Single-family and two-family dwellings | 2 spaces per dwelling unit. | |
Institutional Uses | ||
Auditoriums, assembly halls, meeting rooms, theaters, and similar places of assembly | 1 space per 3 seats, based on maximum seating capacity in the main place of assembly therein, as established by the Village Fire and Building Codes. | |
Child day care centers, nursery schools, and day nurseries; adult day care centers | 1 per 350 sq. ft. of UFA, plus 1 per employee. Sufficient area shall be designated for drop-off of children or adults in a safe manner that will not result in traffic disruptions. | |
Churches and customary related uses | 1 per 5 seats in the main unit of worship, plus spaces required for each accessory use such as a school. | |
Colleges and universities; business, trade, technical, vocational, or industrial schools | 1 per classroom plus 1 per 3 students based on the maximum number of students attending classes at any one time. | |
Elementary and middle schools | 1 per teacher, employee, or administrator, in addition to the requirements for places of assembly such as auditorium, gymnasium, or stadium. | |
Government offices | 1 per 300 sq. ft. of UFA plus requirements for auditoriums, meeting halls or other assembly rooms. | |
High schools; performing and fine arts schools | 1 per teacher, employee, or administrator, and 1 for every 10 students, in addition to the requirements for places of assembly such as auditorium, gymnasium, or stadium. | |
Hospitals and similar facilities for human care | 1 per 2 beds, plus 1 per employee on the largest shift. | |
Nursing and convalescent homes | 1 per 3 beds or occupants and 1 space per staff member or employee on the largest shift. | |
Post office | 1 per 200 sq. ft. of UFA. | |
Public libraries and museums | 1 per 800 sq. ft. of UFA, plus requirements for auditoriums, classrooms or other assembly rooms. | |
Retail Uses | ||
Retail stores except as otherwise specified herein | 1 for every 250 sq. ft. of UFA. | |
Multi-tenant shopping centers | with 60,000 square feet or less of retail | 1 for every 250 sq. ft. of retail UFA. |
with over 60,000 square feet of retail | 1 for every 220 sq. ft. of retail UFA. | |
with restaurants | If more than 20% of the shopping center's floor area is occupied by restaurants or entertainment uses, parking requirements for these uses shall be calculated separately. Where the amount of restaurant space is unknown, it shall be assumed to be 20%. | |
Agricultural sales, greenhouses and nurseries or roadside stands | 1 per employee plus 1 per 100 sq. ft. of actual permanent or temporary area devoted primarily to sales. | |
Animal grooming, training, day care, and boarding | 1 for every 300 sq. ft. of UFA. | |
Farmers' markets | 1 for every 150 sq. ft. of lot area used for sales or display. | |
Furniture and appliance, household equipment, show-room of a plumber, decorator, electrician, hardware, wholesale and repair shop, or other similar uses | 1 for every 800 sq. ft. of net UFA plus 1 additional space per employee. | |
Grocery store/supermarket | 1 for every 200 sq. ft. of UFA. | |
Home improvement centers | 1 for every 300 sq. ft. of UFA. | |
Open air businesses, except as otherwise specified herein | 1 for every 500 sq. ft. of lot area for retail sales, uses, and services. | |
Vehicle dealerships, including automobiles, RVs, motorcycles, snowmobiles, ATVs and boats | 1 for every 300 sq. ft. of show room floor space, plus 1 per automobile service stall, plus 1 per employee. | |
Service Uses | ||
Motor vehicle service stations (gas stations and truck stops) | 1 per employee, plus additional parking required for other uses within vehicle service station, such as the retail floor area, restaurants or vehicle repair stalls. Each automobile fueling position shall count as one quarter of a required space for the spaces required for other uses within an automobile service station. | |
Vehicle repair establishment, major or minor | 2 per service stall, plus 1 per employee. | |
Vehicle quick oil change | 2 stacking spaces per service stall, rack or pit plus 1 per employee. | |
Vehicle wash | Self-service (coin- operated) | 4 spaces plus 4 stacking spaces for every washing stall. |
Full-service | 4 spaces, plus 1 per employee. 15 stacking spaces for every washing stall or line, plus a minimum 30 foot long drying lane to prevent water from collecting on street. | |
Banks and other financial institutions | 1 per 200 sq. ft. of UFA for the public. Drive-up windows/drive-up ATMs shall be provided with 3 stacking spaces per window or drive-up ATM. | |
Beauty parlor or barber shop | 2 parking spaces per chair/station. | |
Dry cleaners | 1 per 500 sq. ft. of UFA. | |
Laundromats | 1 per washer-dryer pair, plus 1 space per employee. | |
Mortuary establishment, funeral home | 1 per 50 sq. ft. of assembly room or parlor floor space. | |
Motel, hotel or other commercial lodging establishment | 1.25 per guest unit. In addition, spaces required for ancillary uses such as lounges, restaurants or places of assembly shall be provided and determined on the basis of specific requirements for each individual use. | |
Restaurants, Bars and Clubs | ||
Standard sit-down restaurants with liquor license and brew pubs | 1 per 50 sq. ft. of UFA. | |
Standard sit-down restaurants without liquor license | 1 per 75 sq. ft. of UFA. | |
Carry-out restaurant (with no or limited seating for eating on premises) | 6 per service or counter station, plus 1 per employee. | |
Open front restaurant/ice cream stand | 6 spaces, plus 1 per employee and 1 per 4 seats. | |
Drive-through restaurant | 1 per 30 sq. ft. UFA, plus 8 stacking spaces per food pickup window. | |
Bars, lounges, taverns, nightclubs (majority of sales consist of alcoholic beverages) | 1 per 50 sq. ft. of UFA. | |
Private clubs, lodge halls, or banquet halls | 1 for every 3 persons allowed within the maximum occupancy load as established by the Village Fire and Building Codes. | |
Recreation | ||
Athletic clubs, exercise establishments, health studios, sauna baths, martial art schools and other similar uses | 1 per 3 persons allowed within the maximum occupancy load as established by Village Fire and Building Codes, plus 1 per employee. | |
Billiard parlors | 1 per 3 persons allowed within the maximum occupancy load as established by Village Building and Fire Codes or 1 per 300 square feet of gross floor area, whichever is greater. | |
Bowling alleys | 8 per bowling lane plus additional for accessory uses such as bars or restaurants. | |
Indoor recreation establishments including gymnasiums, tennis courts and handball, roller or ice-skating rinks, exhibition halls, dance halls, and banquet halls | 1 space for every 3 persons allowed within the maximum occupancy load as established by the Village Fire and Building Codes. | |
Golf courses open to the public, except miniature or "par-3" | 6 per 1 golf hole, plus 1 per employee, plus additional for any bar, restaurant, banquet facility or similar use. | |
Miniature or "par-3" courses | 3 per 1 hole plus 1 per employee. | |
Stadium, sports arenas, sports fields (ball diamonds, soccer fields, etc.) or similar place of outdoor assembly | 1 for every 3 seats or 1 for every 6 feet of bench, plus 1 per employee. For fields without spectator seating, there shall be a minimum of 30 spaces per field. | |
Offices | ||
Business offices or professional offices of lawyers, architects or similar professionals | 1 for every 300 sq. ft. of UFA, but no less than 5 parking spaces. | |
Medical offices of doctors, dentists, veterinarians or similar professions | 1 for every 200 sq. ft. of UFA. | |
Industrial Uses | ||
Industrial establishments, including manufacturing, research and testing laboratories, creameries, bottling works, printing, plumbing or electrical work-shops | 1 for every 1.5 employees or 550 sq. ft. of gross floor area, whichever is greater. | |
Warehouses and storage buildings | 1 per employee computed on the basis of the greatest number of persons employed at any one time during the day or night, or 1 for every 5,000 square feet of gross floor area, whichever is greater. | |
Mini warehouses/self storage | Unobstructed parking area equal to 1 for every 10 door openings, plus parking for other uses on site such as truck rental. | |
Truck terminal | 1 per employee plus 2 truck spaces of 10 by 70 feet per truck berth or docking space. | |
(Ord. 2013-19. Passed 9-16-13; Ord. 2017-19. Passed 9-18-17; Ord. 2021-02. Passed - - .)