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(a) Prohibitions. No operator of a low-speed micromobility device shall do any of the following:
(1) Fail to yield the right-of-way to all pedestrians at all times;
(2) Fail to give an audible signal before overtaking and passing a pedestrian;
(3) Operate the device at night unless the device or its operator is equipped with or wearing both of the following:
A. A lamp pointing to the front that emits a white light visible from a distance of not less than five hundred feet (500'); and
B. A red reflector facing the rear that is visible from all distances from one hundred feet to six hundred feet (100' - 600') when directly in front of lawful lower beams or head lamps on a motor vehicle.
(4) No person who is under sixteen (16) years of age shall rent a low-speed micromobility device.
(5) No person shall knowingly rent a low-speed micromobility device on behalf of a person who is under sixteen (16) years of age.
(6) No person shall operate a low-speed micromobility device at a speed greater than twenty miles per hour (20 mph).
(b) Penalties.
(1) Whoever violates division (a) of this section is guilty of a minor misdemeanor.
(2) Unless a mens rea is otherwise specified in this section, an offense established under this section is a strict liability offense and ORC 2901.20 does not apply. The designation of that offense as a strict liability offense shall not be construed to imply that any other offense, for which there is no specified degree of culpability, is not a strict liability offense.
(ORC 4511.514)
(a) Prohibitions. No operator of an electric personal assistive mobility device shall do any of the following:
(1) Fail to yield the right-of-way to all pedestrians and human-powered vehicles at all times.
(2) Fail to give an audible signal before overtaking and passing a pedestrian.
(3) Operate the device at night unless the device or its operator is equipped with or wearing both of the following:
A. A lamp pointing to the front that emits a white light visible from a distance of not less than five hundred feet (500'); and
B. A red reflector facing the rear that is visible from all distances from one hundred feet to six hundred feet (100' - 600') when directly in front of lawful lower beams of head lamps on a motor vehicle.
(4) Operate the device on any portion of a street or roadway that has an established speed limit of fifty-five miles per hour (55 mph) or more.
(5) Operate the device upon any path set aside for the exclusive use of pedestrians or other specialized use when an appropriate sign giving notice of the specialized use is posted on the path.
(6) If under eighteen (18) years of age, operate the device unless wearing a protective helmet on the person's head with the chin strap properly fastened.
(7) If under sixteen (16) years of age, operate the device unless, during the operation, the person is under the direct visual and audible supervision of another person who is eighteen (18) years of age or older and is responsible for the immediate care of the person under sixteen (16) years of age.
(8) No person who is under fourteen (14) years of age shall operate an electric personal assistive mobility device.
(b) Restriction on Sellers. No person shall distribute or sell an electric personal assistive mobility device unless the device is accompanied by a written statement that is substantially equivalent to the following: "WARNING: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF SERIOUS INJURY, USE ONLY WHILE WEARING FULL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - HELMET, WRIST GUARDS, ELBOW PADS, AND KNEE PADS."
(c) Penalties.
(1) Whoever violates division (a) of this section is guilty of a minor misdemeanor and shall be punished as follows:
A. The offender shall be fined ten dollars ($10.00);
B. If the offender previously has been convicted of or pled guilty to a violation of division (b) of this section, or any substantially equivalent State law or municipal ordinance, the court, in addition to imposing the fine required under division (e)(1)A. of this section, shall do one of the following:
(i) Order the impoundment for not less than one (1) day but no more than thirty (30) days of the electric personal assistive mobility device that was involved in the current violation of that division. The court shall order the device to be impounded at a safe indoor location designated by the court and may assess storage fees of not more than five dollars ($5.00) per day; provided the total storage, processing, and release fees assessed against the offender or the device in connection with the device's impoundment or subsequent release shall not exceed fifty dollars ($50.00).
(ii) If the court does not issue an impoundment order pursuant to division (e)(1)B.(i) of this section, issue an order prohibiting the offender from operating any electric personal assistive mobility device on the public streets, roadways, sidewalks, and paths and portions of roadways set aside for the exclusive use of bicycles for not less than one (1) day but not more than thirty (30) days.
(2) Whoever violates division (b) of this section is guilty of a minor misdemeanor.
(ORC 4511.512)
(a) Lighted Lights. Every bicycle, electric bicycle, motorcycle, motorized bicycle or moped, electric personal assistive mobility device, or low-speed micromobility device operated upon a street or roadway within this City shall display lighted lights and illuminating devices during all of the following times:
(1) The time from sunset to sunrise;
(2) At any other time when, due to insufficient natural light or unfavorable atmospheric conditions, persons, vehicles, and substantial objects on the street or roadway are not discernable at a distance of one thousand feet (1000') ahead;
(b) Penalties. Whoever violates this section is guilty of a minor misdemeanor.
(ORC 4513.03)
(a) Lights Required. All vehicles, other than bicycles, not specifically required to be equipped with lamps or other lighting devices under this Traffic Code or equivalent State statute shall, at the times specified in 444.18(a), be equipped with at least one (1) lamp displaying a white light visible for a distance of not less than one thousand feet (1000') to the front of the vehicle, and also shall be equipped with two (2) lamps displaying red light visible from a distance of not less than one thousand feet (1000') to the rear of the vehicle or, as an alternative, one (1) lamp displaying a red light visible from a distance of not less than one thousand feet (1000') to the rear and two (2) red reflectors visible from all distances of six hundred feet to one hundred feet (600' - 100') to the rear when illuminated by the lawful lower beams of headlamps. Lamps and reflectors required or authorized by this section shall meet standards adopted by the Ohio Director of Public Safety.
(b) Penalties. Whoever violates this section is guilty of a minor misdemeanor.
(ORC 4513.11)
(a) Prohibitions.
(1) No person riding upon any bicycle, electric bicycle, coaster, roller skates, sled or toy vehicle shall attach the same or self to any vehicle upon a roadway.
(2) No operator shall knowingly permit any person riding upon any bicycle, electric bicycle, coaster, roller skates, sled, or toy vehicle to attach the same or self to any vehicle while it is moving upon a roadway.
(b) Exception. This section does not apply to the towing of a disabled vehicle.
(c) Penalties. Except as otherwise provided in this division, whoever violates division (a) this section is guilty of a minor misdemeanor. If, within one (1) year of the offense, the offender previously has been convicted of or pled guilty to one (1) predicate motor vehicle or traffic offense, whoever violates division (a) of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor of the fourth degree. If, within one (1) year of the offense, the offender previously has been convicted of two (2) or more predicate motor vehicle or traffic offenses, whoever violates division (a) of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor of the third degree.
(ORC 4511.54)
(a) Prohibitions.
(1) No personal delivery device operator shall allow a personal delivery device to do any of the following:
A. Fail to comply with traffic or pedestrian control devices and signals;
B. Unreasonably interfere with pedestrians or traffic;
C. Transport any hazardous material that would require a permit issued by the Ohio Public Utilities Commission; or
D. Operate on a street or roadway, except when crossing the street or roadway within a crosswalk.
(2) A personal delivery device has all of the rights and obligations applicable to a pedestrian under the same circumstances, except that a personal delivery device shall yield the right-of-way to human pedestrians on sidewalks and crosswalks.
(3) No person shall operate a personal delivery device unless the person is authorized to do so under this section and complies with the requirements of this section.
(4) An eligible entity is responsible for both of the following:
A. Any violation of this section that is committed by a personal delivery device operator; and
B. Any other circumstance, including a technological malfunction, in which a personal delivery device operates in a manner prohibited by division (b)(1) of this section. (ORC 4511.513)
(b) Penalties. Except as otherwise provided in this division, whoever violates this section is guilty of a minor misdemeanor. If, within one (1) year of the offense, the offender previously has been convicted of or pled guilty to one (1) predicate motor vehicle or traffic offense, whoever violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor of the fourth degree. If, within one (1) year of the offense, the offender previously has been convicted of or pled guilty to two (2) or more predicate motor vehicle or traffic offenses, whoever violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor of the third degree.
(ORC 4511.99)
For the purposes of this chapter, the following definitions shall apply. For any term in this Chapter that is not specifically defined in this section, the definitions contained in ORC 4511.01 or 4501.01, as applicable, shall apply.
(a) Autocycle. "Autocycle" means a three-wheeled motorcycle that is manufactured to comply with federal safety requirements for motorcycles and that is equipped with safety belts, a steering wheel, and seating that does not require the operator to straddle or sit astride to ride the motorcycle.
(ORC 4501.01)
(b) Bicycle. "Bicycle" means every device, other than a device that is designed solely for use as a play vehicle by a child, that is propelled solely by human power upon which a person may ride, and that has two (2) or more wheels, any of which is more than fourteen inches (14") in diameter.
(ORC 4511.01)
(c) Bike Lane. "Bike lane" means a portion of the street or roadway set aside for the exclusive use of bicycles.
(d) Bike Path. "Bike path" means a trail or other area not within the road right-of-way that is reserved exclusively for the use of bicycles and pedestrians.
(e) Cab-Enclosed Motorcycle. "Cab-enclosed motorcycle" means a motor vehicle with motive power having a seat or saddle for the use of the operator, designed to travel on not more than three (3) wheels in contact with the ground, and having an occupant compartment top or an occupant compartment top that is installed.
(ORC 4501.01)
(f) Distracted. "Distracted" means doing either of the following while operating a vehicle (autocycle, bicycle, electric bicycle, motor-driven cycle, motor scooter, motorcycle, motorized bike or moped):
(1) Using a handheld electronic wireless communications device, as defined in ORC 4511.204, except when utilizing any of the following:
A. The device's speakerphone function;
B. A wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances;
C. A "voice-operated or hands-free" device that allows the person to use the electronic wireless communications device without the use of either hand except to activate, deactivate, or initiate a feature or function; or
D. Any device that is physically or electronically integrated into the vehicle.
(2) Engaging in any activity that is not necessary to the operation of the vehicle and impairs, or reasonably would be expected to impair, the ability of the operator to drive the vehicle safely.
(ORC 4511.991)
(g) Driver or Operator. "Driver" or "Operator" means every person who drives or is in actual physical control of a vehicle.
(ORC 4511.01)
(h) Electric Bicycle. "Electric bicycle" means a "class 1 electric bicycle," a "class 2 electric bicycle," or a "class 3 electric bicycle," as defined in this division.
(1) "Class 1 electric bicycle" means a bicycle that is equipped with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of less than seven hundred fifty watts (750W) that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling and ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of twenty miles per hour (20 mph).
(2) "Class 2 electric bicycle" means a bicycle that is equipped with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of less than seven hundred fifty watts (750W) that may provide assistance regardless of whether the rider is pedaling and is not capable of providing assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of twenty miles per hour (20 mph).
(3) "Class 3 electric bicycle" means a bicycle that is equipped with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of less than seven hundred fifty watts (750W) that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling and ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of twenty-eight miles per hour (28 mph).
(ORC 4511.01)
(i) Electric Personal Assistive Mobility Device. "Electric Personal Assistive Mobility Device" means a self-balancing two (2) non-tandem wheeled device that is designed to transport only one (1) person, has an electric propulsion system of an average of seven hundred fifty watts (750W), and, when ridden on a paved level surface by an operator who weighs one hundred seventy pounds (170 lbs.), has a maximum speed of less than twenty miles per hour (20 mph).
(ORC 4501.01)
(j) Eligible Entity. "Eligible Entity" means a corporation, partnership, association, firm, sole proprietorship or other entity engaged in business.
(ORC 4511.513)
(k) Low-Speed Micromobility Device. "Low-speed micromobility device" means a device weighing less than one hundred pounds (100 lbs.) that has handlebars, is propelled by an electric motor or human power, and has an attainable speed on a paved level service of not more than twenty miles per hour (20 mph) when propelled by the electric motor.
(ORC 4511.01)
(l) Motor-Driven Cycle or Motor Scooter. "Motor-Driven Cycle" or "Motor Scooter" means any vehicle designed to travel on not more than three (3) wheels in contact with the ground, with a seat for the driver and floor pad for the driver's feet, and is equipped with a motor with a piston displacement between fifty and one hundred cubic centimeters (50 - 100 cm3) piston displacement that produces not more than five (5) brake horsepower and is capable of propelling the vehicle at a speed greater that twenty miles per hour (20 mph) on a level surface.
(ORC 4501.01)
(m) Motorcycle. "Motorcycle" means every motor vehicle, other than a tractor, having a seat or saddle for the use of the operator and designed to travel on not more than three (3) wheels in contact with the ground including, but not limited to, motor vehicles known as "motor-driven cycle," "motor scooter," "autocycle," "cab-enclosed motorcycle," or "motorcycle" without regard to weight or brake horsepower.
(ORC 4511.01)
(n) Motorized Bicycle or Moped. "Motorized Bicycle" or "Moped" means any vehicle having either two (2) tandem wheels or one (1) wheel in the front and two (2) wheels in the rear that may be pedaled and that is equipped with a helper motor of not more than fifty cubic centimeters (50 cm3) piston displacement that produces no more than one brake horsepower (1 bhp) and is capable of propelling the vehicle at a speed of no greater than twenty miles per hour (20 mph) on a level surface. "Motorized bicycle" or "moped" does not include an electric bicycle.
(ORC 4501.01; 4511.01)
(o) Motorized Wheelchair. "Motorized wheelchair" means any self-propelled vehicle designed for, and used by, a handicapped person that is incapable of a speed in excess of eight miles per hour (8 mph).
(ORC 4511.01)
(p) Operate. "Operate" means to cause or have caused movement of a vehicle, electric personal assistive mobility device, low-speed micromobility device, or personal delivery device.
(ORC 4511.01)
(q) Pedestrian. "Pedestrian" means any natural person afoot. "Pedestrian" includes a personal delivery device unless the context clearly suggests otherwise.
(ORC 4511.01)
(r) Personal Delivery Device. "Personal Delivery Device" means an electrically powered device to which all of the following apply:
(1) The device is intended primarily to transport property and cargo on sidewalks and crosswalks;
(2) The device weighs less than five hundred (500 lbs.), excluding any property and cargo being carried by the device;
(3) The device has a maximum speed of ten miles per hour (10 mph); and
(4) The device is equipped with technology that enables the operation of the device with active control or monitoring by a person, without active control or monitoring by a person, or both with or without active control or monitoring by a person.
(ORC 4511.513)
(s) Personal Delivery Device Operator. "Personal Delivery Device Operator" means an agent of an eligible entity who exercises direct physical control over, or monitoring of, the navigation and operation of a personal delivery device. "Personal Delivery Device Operator" does not include, with respect to a delivery or other service rendered by a personal delivery device, the person who requests the delivery or service. "Personal Delivery Device Operator" also does not include a person who only arranges for and dispatches a personal delivery device for a delivery or other service.
(ORC 4511.513)
(t) Safety Zone. "Safety Zone" means the area or space officially set apart within a roadway for the exclusive use of pedestrians and protected or marked or indicated by adequate signs as to be plainly visible at all times.
(ORC 4511.01)
(u) Shared-Use Path. "Shared-Use Path" means a bikeway outside the traveled way and physically separated from motorized vehicular traffic by an open space or barrier and either within the roadway right-of-way or within an independent alignment.
(ORC 4511.01)
(v) Sidewalk. "Sidewalk" means that portion of a street between the curb lines, or the lateral lines of a roadway, and the adjacent property lines, intended for the use of pedestrians.
(ORC 4511.01)
(w) Vehicle. "Vehicle" means every device, including a motorized bicycle and an electric bicycle, in, upon, or by which any person or property may be transported or drawn upon a roadway, street, or other public roadway, except that "vehicle" does not include any motorized wheelchair, any electric personal assistive mobility device, any low-speed micromobility device, any personal delivery device, any device that is moved by power collected from overhead electric trolley wires or that is used exclusively upon stationary rails or tracks, or any device, other than a bicycle, that is moved by human power.
(ORC 4511.01)
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