For the purpose of this subchapter, the following definitions shall apply unless the context clearly indicates or requires a different meaning.
AIR FURNACE. A horizontal furnace, externally fired with a natural draft stack, which is used to melt or treat ferrous materials for production of castings.
AIR JETS. Any apparatus operated by steam or compressed air or a mechanically-driven blower for the purpose of causing high velocity air to be introduced into a furnace and/or to cause a more complete mixture of oxygen with the gases of combustion above the fuel bed.
ASHES. Cinders, fly ash or any other solid material resulting from combustion, and may include unburned combustibles.
ASME. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
ASTM. The American Society for Testing Materials.
ATMOSPHERE. See definition of “Open Air.”
ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION. The discharging from stacks, chimneys, exhausts, vents, ducts, openings, buildings, structures, premises, open fires, portable boilers, vehicles, processes, or any other source, of any smoke, soot, fly ash, dust, cinders, dirt, noxious or obnoxious acids, fumes, oxides, gases, vapors, odors, toxic or radioactive substances, waste, particulate, solid, liquid or gaseous matter, or any other materials in such place, manner or concentration as to cause injury, detriment, or nuisance to the public, or to endanger the health, comfort, repose, safety or welfare of the public, or in such a manner as to cause or have a natural tendency to cause injury or damage to plant or animal life, business or property.
AUTOMOBILE AND/OR TRUCK SALES LOT. Any land used or intended to be used for the display and/or sale of passenger automobiles and/or commercial vehicles.
BAFFLING. Any row, rows, plane, planes of refractory or other material that causes the gases in a steam boiler or other vessel, duct or device to assume a definite and predetermined path of travel before reaching the chimney or smoke stack.
BASIC OXYGEN FURNACE (BOF). A furnace in which the melting and refining of iron are accomplished by the addition at high velocities of large amounts of high purity oxygen to the atmosphere above the surface of the metal bath. The metal is held in a tiltable vessel with a basic refractory lining. Such a furnace includes the furnace proper, oxygen lance, scrap and flux charging units, iron transfer units, gas collecting and cleaning equipment and stacks and any other auxiliaries pertinent to the process. BOF may be referred to as basic oxygen plants (BOP) or basic oxygen vessels (BOV).
BESSEMER CONVERTERS AND PNEUMATIC STEEL MAKING PROCESSES. Processes by which steel is made directly from molten iron or scrap metal by forcing gases through or over the molten metal to oxidize and carry off the carbon and other impurities in the metal.
BLAST FURNACE AND AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT. The furnace and equipment used in connection with the smelting process of reducing metallic ores to molten metal in order to remove, primarily, the oxygen from the ore and producing gas as a byproduct. The furnace and equipment consists of, but is not limited to, the furnace proper, charging equipment, stoves, bleeders, gas dust catcher, gas cleaning devices and other auxiliaries pertinent to the process.
BREECHING. Any conduit for the transport of products of combustion or processes to the atmosphere or to any intermediate device before being discharged into the atmosphere. It does not include the chimney or stack.
BRIDGEWALL. Any wall at the rear of the grate or stoker that acts as a deflector or radiant heat reflector for the furnace gases and a stop to the fuel bed or rear wall of the ash pit.
BRITISH THERMAL UNIT. The quantity of heat required to raise one pound of water from 59 degrees Fahrenheit to 60 degrees Fahrenheit. (Abbreviated B.T.U.)
BUILDING FIRES. The term “a new fire being built” shall be held to mean the period during which a fresh fire is being started and does not mean the process of replenishing an existing live fuel bed with additional fuel.
BOILER, FURNACE OR PROCESS BURNING FUEL IN SUSPENSION. A boiler, furnace or process burning fuel in suspension is any fuel-burning device in which fuel is conditioned or pulverized previous to admitting the fuel into the furnace for combustion. The combustion process is completed with the fuel in suspension.
BY-PRODUCT COKE PLANT. A plant used in connection with the distillation process to produce coke in which the volatile matter in coal is expelled, collected, and recovered. Such plant consists of, but is not limited to, coal and coke handling equipment, by-product chemical plant and other equipment associated with, and attendant to, the coking chambers or ovens making up a single battery operated and controlled as a single unit.
CATALYTIC CRACKING UNIT. A unit composed of a reactor, regenerator and fractionating tower which is used to convert certain petroleum fractions into more valuable products by passing the material at elevated temperature through a bed of catalyst during cracking are removed by burning off in the regenerator.
CHIMNEY OR STACK. Any conduit, duct, vent, flue, or opening of any kind whatsoever arranged to conduct any products of combustion or process emission to the atmosphere vertically. It does not include breeching as defined herein.
CINDERS. Particles not ordinarily considered as fly ash or dust because of their greater size, consisting essentially of fused ash and/or unburned matter.
CLEANING FIRES. The act of removing ashes from the fuel bed or furnace.
COMBUSTIBLE REFUSE. Any combustible waste material containing carbon in a free or combined state.
COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT OR DEVICE. See “Fuel-Burning, Combustion or Process Equipment or Device” in this section.
COMBUSTION FOR INDIRECT HEATING. The combustion of fuel to produce usable heat that is to be transferred through a heat-conducting materials barrier or by a heat storage medium to a material to be heated so that the material being heated is not contacted by, and adds no substance to, the products of combustion.
CONDENSED FUMES. Fumes which have cooled and returned to a liquid or solid state.
CONSTRUCTION. The installation or erection of any fuel-burning, combustion or process equipment or device.
CUPOLA. A vertical furnace in which alternate layers of basic material and coke are charged to produce molten ferrous and non-ferrous metal for the production of castings. Auxiliary equipment consists of, but is not limited to, blowers, charging mechanism, collection equipment, heat exchangers and slagging equipment.
DAMPER, AUTOMATIC OR MANUAL. Any device for regulating the volumetric flow of gas or air.
DOMESTIC HEATING PLANT. A plant generating heat for a single-family residence, or for two residences either in duplex or double-house form, or for multiple dwelling units in which such plant serves fewer than three apartments. Under this designation are also hot water heaters, stoves, and space heaters used in connection with the foregoing establishments or to heat shacks and other temporary buildings, such as used by the railroad and construction industries; provided, however, that like equipment used in multiple-dwelling units other than herein described, or used in permanent buildings of commercial or industrial establishments are not to be construed to be included under this designation.
DOMESTIC REFUSE BURNING EQUIPMENT. Any refuse-burning equipment or incinerator used for a single-family residence, or for two residences either in duplex or double-house form, or for multiple-dwelling units in which such equipment or incinerator serves fewer than three apartments.
DOWN-DRAFT FURNACE. In this furnace there are two separate grates, one above the other; the top grate is water tubes, the bottom grate consists of common grate bars and is fed by half-consumed fuel falling from the upper grate. The primary air for combustion enters the upper fire door and passes through the bed of green fuel on the upper grate and then over the incandescent fuel on the lower grate.
DRYER. A device for drying by heat, forced ventilation or both; an apparatus such as a furnace, oven, or revolving kiln for expelling moisture or volatiles by evaporation or volatilization.
DUST. Particulate matter released into the air by natural forces, or by any fuel-burning, combustion or process equipment or device, or by construction work, or by mechanical or industrial processes, such as, but not limited to, crushing, grinding, milling, drilling, demolishing, shoveling, sweeping, bagging, covering, conveying, transferring, transporting, and the like.
DUST-SEPARATING EQUIPMENT. Any device for separating dust from the air or has medium in which it is carried.
ELECTRIC FURNACE. A furnace in which the melting and refining of metals is accomplished by means of electrical energy.
EXCESS AIR. That air supplied in addition to the theoretical quantity necessary for complete combustion of all fuel and/or combustible waste material present.
EXTENSION FURNACE (DUTCH OVEN). Any masonry structure or combination of masonry and metal built on the front of a boiler or other combustible waste material present.
FIRE TUBES. Those tubes, surrounded by a cooling medium, through which hot gases of combustion pass.
FLY ASH. Particulate matter capable of being gas-borne or air-borne and consisting essentially of fused ash and/or burned or unburned material.
FOUNDRIES-FERROUS AND NON-FERROUS. The processes, devices, and equipment used for the purpose of production of castings, other than die-castings, from basic material. Such processes, devices and equipment consists of, but are not limited to, charging equipment, furnaces, collection equipment and cleaning operations. Basic materials used include, but are not limited to, iron, brass, aluminum and magnesium.
FUEL. Any form of combustible matter: solid, liquid, vapor, or gas.
FUEL-BURNING, COMBUSTION OR PROCESS EQUIPMENT OR DEVICE. Any furnace, incinerator, fuel-burning equipment, internal combustion engine, refuse-burning equipment, boiler, apparatus, device, mechanism, fly ash collector, electrostatic precipitator, smoke arresting or prevention equipment, stack, chimney, breeching or structure, used for the burning of fuel or other combustible material, or for the emission of products or combustion, or used in connection with any process which generates heat and may emit products of combustion; and shall include process furnaces, such as heat-treating furnaces, by-product coke plants, core-baking ovens, mixing kettles, cupolas, blast furnaces, open hearth furnaces, heating and reheating furnaces, puddling furnaces, sintering plants, bessemer converters, electric steel furnaces, ferrous foundries, non-ferrous foundries, kilns, stills, dryers, roasters, and equipment used in connection therewith, and all other methods or forms of manufacturing, chemical, metallurgical or mechanical processing which may emit smoke, or particulate, liquid, gaseous or other matter.
FUEL-BURNING EQUIPMENT. Shall mean and include any furnace, boiler, apparatus, device, mechanism, stack or structure used in the process of burning fuel, or other heat or power by indirect heat transfer.
FUEL-BURNING EQUIPMENT, HAND-FIRED TYPE. Any fuel-burning, combustion or process equipment or device, other than process or process equipment or down-draft furnaces, in which fuel is manually introduced directly into the furnace.
FUEL DEALER. Any person who sells or delivers solid fuel or fuel oil directly to the ultimate consumer, without regard to price, quantity, or frequency of delivery.
FUEL OIL. Oil commonly used as a fuel.
FUMES. Gases, vapors or particulate matter that are of such character as to cause atmospheric pollution.
FURNACE. An enclosed space provided for the ignition and/or combustion of fuel.
FURNACE VOLUME. The effective volume of the chamber or enclosure in which the combustion process takes place.
GARBAGE. Animal and vegetable matter such as that originating in houses, kitchens, restaurants and hotels, produce markets, food service and processing establishments, and greenhouses.
HEATING AND REHEATING FURNACE. A furnace in which metal is heated to permit shaping or forming, or to achieve specific physical properties.
HEATING OR LOW PRESSURE BOILERS. All boilers designed for operating at a steam pressure of 15 pounds per square inch gauge or less.
HEATING PLANT, OTHER THAN DOMESTIC. Fuel-burning equipment used for the purpose of space heating of multiple-dwelling units containing more than two apartments, hotel, rooming house, boarding house, garage, school, hospital, church, office building, store, institution, and for all commercial, industrial or other establishments.
HEATING SURFACE. Any surface having steam, water or other fluid on one side and hot gases on the other side, as found in a boiler or a warm air heating furnace, not excepting any surface covered by arches or refractory.
INCINERATOR. Combustion apparatus designed for high temperature operation in which solid, semi-solid, liquid, or gaseous combustible wastes are ignited and burned efficiently and from which the solid residues contain little or no combustible material.
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. An engine in which combustion of gaseous, liquid, or pulverized solid fuel takes place within one or more cylinders.
KILN. A furnace or a heated chamber used for the purpose of hardening, burning, or drying in the manufacture of such products as: clay, brick, cement, pottery, ceramics, limestone, and the like.
LOW VOLATILE SOLID FUEL. For the purpose of this subchapter, a solid fuel, the volatile content of which is 23% or less on an ash free and moisture free basis or a solid fuel approved by the Building Inspector of the village.
MECHANICAL COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT OR MECHANICALLY FIRED APPARATUS. Fuel-burning combustion or process equipment or device in which the fresh fuel or combustible material is mechanically introduced from outside the furnace into the zone of combustion, the same being actuated by controls; provided, however, that where the Building Inspector of the village finds as a fact and so certifies that any surface-burning type (hand fired) equipment is so designed as automatically to burn the fuel or combustible materials in a manner not to violate the provisions of this subchapter, such equipment will be considered as mechanical combustion equipment or mechanically fired apparatus within the meaning of this subchapter.
NEW EQUIPMENT.
(1) Equipment, the design of which is less than 50% completed on the effective date of this subchapter.
(2) Equipment which is altered or modified such that the amount of air contaminant emissions is increased 15% or more.
(3) Equipment placed in operation two years or more after the effective date of this subchapter.
NOXIOUS ACIDS. Anhydrous or hydrous acid forms in concentration high enough to be toxic, or to cause atmospheric pollution, or to constitute a nuisance.
NOXIOUS ODORS. Any smells which are unwholesome, offensive, harmful, or injurious to the public health, comfort or welfare.
OIL BURNERS. Any device for the introduction of vaporized or atomized fuel oil into a furnace.
OPEN AIR. All spaces outside of buildings, stacks, or exterior ducts.
OPEN FIRE. Any fire from which the products of combustion are emitted directly into the open air without passing through a stack or chimney.
OPEN HEARTH FURNACE. A furnace in which the melting and refining of metal is accomplished by the application of heat to a saucer type or shallow hearth in an enclosed chamber. Such furnace consists of, but is not limited to, the furnace proper, checkers, flues and stack and may include a waste heat boiler and other auxiliaries pertinent to the process.
PARKING LOT. Any land area used or intended to be used for the storage of passenger automobiles and/or commercial vehicles.
PARTICULATE MATTER. Material, other than water, which is suspended in or discharged into the atmosphere in a finely divided form as a liquid or solid.
PERSON. Any individual, natural person, trustee, court appointed representative, syndicate, association, partnership, firm, club, company, corporation, business trust, institution, agency, government corporation, municipal corporation, city, county, municipality, district, or other political subdivision, department, bureau, agency or instrumentality of federal, state or local government, contractor, supplier, vendor, installer, operator, user or owner, or any officers, agents, employees, factors, or any kind of representatives of any thereof, in any capacity, acting either for himself, or for any other person under either personal appointment or pursuant to law, or other entity recognized by law as the subject of rights and duties. The masculine, feminine, singular or plural is included in any circumstances.
PORTABLE BOILER. A boiler used separately or in connection with a power shovel, a road roller, a hoist, a derrick, or a pile driver, steam locomotives, diesel locomotives, steamboats, tugboats, tar kettles, asphalt kettles, and all other portable equipment capable of emitting smoke, particulate or other matter.
POWER OR HEIGHT PRESSURE BOILERS. All boilers designed for operating at a steam pressure greater than 15 pounds per square inch gauge.
PREMISES. Any real estate or real property.
PROCESS WEIGHT. The total weight of all materials introduced into any source operation. Solid fuels charged will be considered as part of the process weight but liquid and gaseous fuels and combustion air will not.
PROCESS WEIGHT RATE
(1) For continuous or long-run steady-state source operations, the total process weight for the entire period of continuous operation or for a typical portion thereof, divided by the number of hours of such period or portion thereof.
(2) For a cyclical or batch source operation, the total process weight for a period that covers a complete operation or an integral number of cycles, divided by the hours of actual process operation during such a period. Where the nature of any process or operation or the design of any equipment is such as to permit more than one interpretation of this definition, the interpretation that results in the minimum value for allowable emission shall apply.
PROCESSES OR PROCESS EQUIPMENT. Any action, operation, or treatment embracing chemical, industrial or manufacturing factors, such as heat treating furnaces, by-product coke plants, core baking ovens, mixing kettles, cupolas, blast furnaces, open hearth furnaces, heating and reheating furnaces, puddling furnaces, rendering plants, sintering plants, bessemer converters, electric steel furnaces, ferrous and non-ferrous foundries, kilns, stills, dryers, roasters, and equipment used in connection therewith, and all other methods or forms of manufacturing or processing which may emit odors, smoke, particulate matter or other matter.
RECONSTRUCTION. Any material change or alteration of any existing fuel-burning, combustion or process equipment or device form that physical or operating condition for which approval was last obtained; or the addition, removal or replacement of any appurtenances or devices which materially affect the method or efficiency of preventing the discharge of pollutants into the atmosphere.
REFUSE. Includes garbage, rubbish and trade wastes.
RENDERING PLANT. Any factory or other place wherein is carried on the process of melting down substances for the extraction or clarification of lard, oil, wax, tallow, soap, or other materials.
RINGELMANN CHART. The chart published and described in the U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 8333, and on which are illustrated graduated shades of gray to black for use in estimating the light obscuring capacity of smoke.
ROASTER. A device used to effect the expelling of volatile matter or to effect oxidation as required in the manufacture of such products as prepared meats, grain, coffee beans, nuts, and the like.
RUBBISH. Solids not considered to be highly flammable or explosive such as, but not limited to, rags, old clothes, leather, rubber, carpets, wood, excelsior, paper, ashes, trees, branches, yard trimmings, furniture, tin cans, glass, crockery, masonry, and other similar materials.
SALVAGE OPERATIONS. Any business, trade or industry engaged, in whole or in part, in salvaging or reclaiming any product or material, such as, but not limited to, metals, chemicals, shipping containers, or drums.
SINTERING PLANT. The plant used in connection with the process of fusing fine particles of metallic ores causing agglomeration of such particles. Such plant consists of, but is not limited to, sintering machines, handling facilities, wind boxes, stack and other auxiliaries pertinent to the process.
SMOKE. Small gas-borne particles resulting from incomplete combustion, consisting predominantly, but not exclusively, of carbon, ash and other combustible material, that form a visible plume in the air.
SOLID FUEL. Any material in its solid state capable of being consumed by a combustion process.
SOOT. Agglomerated particles consisting essentially of carbonaceous material.
STACK OR CHIMNEY. Any conduit, duct, vent, flue, or opening of any kind whatsoever arranged to conduct any products of combustion to the atmosphere vertically. It does not include breeching as defined herein.
STACK SPRAY. A nozzle or series of nozzles installed in a stack above the breeching used to inject wetting agents at high pressure to suppress the discharge of particulate matter from the stack.
STANDARD CONDITIONS. A gas temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit and a gas pressure of 30 inches mercury.
STANDARD CUBIC FOOT (SCF). The standard cubic foot is a measure of the volume of one cubic foot of gas under standard conditions.
STOKERS. Any mechanical device that feeds solid fuel automatically onto a grate or hearth within a furnace.
SURFACE BURNING TYPE (HAND-FIRED). See definition of “Fuel Burning Equipment, Hand-Fired Type.”
TRADE WASTE. All solid or liquid material or rubbish from construction, building operations or the prosecution of any business, trade or industry such as, but not limited to, plastic products, chemicals, cinders and other forms of solid or liquid waste materials.
VEHICLE. A self-propelled mechanism, such as a truck, machine, tractor, roller, derrick, crane, trencher, portable hoisting engine or automobile; or any conveyance used for carrying persons or things, trailer, semi-trailer, boat, tug, or other apparatus which is not ordinarily permanently installed in one location but is used in various places over a wide area.
VOLATILE MATTER. The gaseous constituents of solid fuels as determined by the standard ASTM Procedure amended or revised to date.
('81 Code, § 16-1.03) (Ord. 1971-7-18-803-3, passed 5-17-71)