A. Purpose And Intent: The purpose and intent of this section is to establish off-street parking standards designed to lessen congestion on streets and provide a reasonable amount of parking with developments.
B. Applicability: Any building or structure erected or located and any use of land established after the effective date of this title, including changes of use and additions to existing uses, shall provide off-street parking in accordance with the standards of this section. Notwithstanding, development and uses located in the Central Business District (B-3) may be exempt from the parking requirement as determined by the Parking Commission.
1. Required Parking: All development shall provide the minimum number of off-street parking spaces as established in subsection C, "Off Street Parking Required Spaces", of this section. If two (2) or more uses occupy the same building, lot or parcel of land, the total requirement for off-street parking spaces shall be the sum of the requirement of the individual uses.
2. Uses Not Identified: The required off-street parking for any building, structure or use of land not listed in subsection C, "Off Street Parking Required Spaces", of this section shall be determined by the Zoning Administrator based on the required parking for similar uses listed in the table and other reliable sources of data.
3. Parking For Physical Disabilities: Parking lots shall provide parking for persons with physical disabilities pursuant to the currently adopted International Construction Code.
4. Change Of Use: When an existing use of a structure or land is changed to another use, the number of off-street parking spaces shall be provided for the new use as established in subsection C, "Off Street Parking Required Spaces", of this section.
5. Expansion: When an existing use is expanded, off-street parking shall be provided for the expanded area in compliance with subsection C, "Off Street Parking Required Spaces", of this section.
C. Off Street Parking Required Spaces:
OFF-STREET PARKING REQUIREMENTS
(Minimums)
Commercial: | ||
Commercial: | ||
Alcohol establishments | 1/3 seats | |
Auto, vehicle sales | 2/salesmen | |
Auto, vehicle service | 4/service bay | |
Bank/credit union | 1/400 square feet | |
Bed and breakfast | 1/room plus 1 for owner/manager | |
Conference with lodging | 0.5/seat | |
Fast food restaurants | 1/4 seats | |
Hotel and motel | 1/room | |
Restaurant with lodging | 1/4 seats | |
Restaurants | 1/3 seats | |
Retail | 5/1,000 square feet | |
Industrial: | ||
Freight, distribution | 2/3 employees | |
Manufacturing, assembly | 2/3 employees | |
Mini-storage | 1/10 units | |
Warehousing | 2/3 employees or 1/1,000 square feet, whichever is less | |
Office: | ||
General professional | 3.3/1,000 square feet | |
Medical and dental | 5/1,000 square feet | |
Public and quasi public: | ||
Business or trade school | 1/staff and student | |
Day care, family | 2 | |
Day care, group | 1/staff plus 5 | |
Government buildings | 3.3/1,000 square feet | |
Health care facility; long term care facility | 1/3 employee and 1/3 beds | |
Library | 1/300 square feet | |
School, elementary or junior high | 1/staff and faculty | |
School, senior high | 1/staff and faculty and 1/5 students | |
University/college | 1/1.5 students | |
Worship facility | 1/5 seats | |
Recreation and entertainment: | ||
Bowling alley | 5/alley | |
Golf course | 6/hole | |
Indoor entertainment | 5.5/1,000 square feet | |
Miniature golf course | 2/hole | |
Private health club | 4/court and 1/200 other square feet | |
Public assembly | 1/3 seats | |
Theater | 1/3 seats | |
Residential: | ||
1 or 2 dwelling | 2/dwelling unit | |
3 - 6 dwellings | 2/dwelling unit | |
>6 dwellings | 2/dwelling unit | |
Guest house | 1/dwelling unit | |
Efficiency units | 1/dwelling unit | |
Senior housing | 0.5/dwelling unit | |
Miscellaneous: | ||
For any other use not specifically mentioned or provided for, the Zoning Administrator shall determine the standards to be applied for parking, using this as a guide for uses which most closely resemble the use provided | ||
D. Computation Of Required Spaces: For the purpose of computing off-street parking spaces required by this section, the following rules shall apply.
1. Gross Floor Area: Floor area shall mean gross floor area unless otherwise specified for a particular use.
2. Bench Seating: Churches and other places of assembly in which benches or pews are used in place of seats, each twenty four inches (24") in length of such benches or pews shall be counted as one seat.
3. Fractions: When calculation of the number of off-street parking spaces results in a requirement of a fractional space, any fraction of less than one-half (1/2) may be disregarded, while a fraction of one-half (1/2) or more shall be counted as one required parking space.
4. On-Street Parking: On-street parking may be used to satisfy off street parking requirements at a conversion rate of 2:1. No more than fifty percent (50%) of required parking can be used for calculating off street requirements. A maximum of twenty feet (20') extending beyond either side of the property boundary may be used to calculate on-street parking numbers.
E. Parking Design: All required parking spaces shall comply with the standards of this subsection.
1. Size: Parking spaces shall be at least nine feet (9') by twenty feet (20') in size and have a minimum head clearance of seven feet (7').
2. Setbacks: Parking shall not be located in the required minimum front setback except for driveways to garages. Parking may encroach into the side setback but shall be set back a minimum of two feet (2') from a property line.
3. Surfacing, Grading: All off-street parking and access drives shall be paved with asphalt, concrete or an equivalent surface, and shall be graded and drained to shed all surface water.
4. Drive Aisles: Two-way drives aisles in parking lots shall be a minimum of twenty four feet (24') wide except the Zoning Administrator may approve narrower drive aisles for parking lots with angled parking spaces. One-way drive aisles with angled spaces shall be a minimum of twelve feet (12') wide except the Zoning Administrator may require wider drive aisles to ensure functional vehicle maneuverability. Parking lots shall comply with section 11-18-8, "Stormwater Management And Erosion Control", of this chapter.
5. Driveways: Driveways shall not be used in satisfying off- street parking requirements when a garage or carport is counted.
6. Snow Storage: A snow storage area at least two percent (2%) of the size of the parking lot, drive aisles, and circulation shall be provided to avoid the loss of required parking spaces to snow storage.
7. Tree Cover: Parking lots containing more than twenty (20) parking spaces shall contain vegetative cover that provides shade for at least thirty five percent (35%) of the area of the parking lot as measured on August 15th at twelve o'clock (12:00) noon, after the vegetation has reached full maturity. The owner shall be responsible for maintaining the vegetation. The applicant proposing the parking lot shall submit for the review and approval of the Zoning Administrator the plan for vegetative cover designed to satisfy this standard.
8. Residential Garages: Parking spaces in residential garages shall count toward residential parking requirements.
F. Access, Curb Cuts: All parking lots shall have adequate and safe ingress and egress to and from a local alley or street. The access shall comply with section 11-18-5, "Intersection Visibility", of this chapter, unless a wider approach width is approved by the City Public Works Director. Curb cuts to a City street shall be approved by the Public Works Director. Backing from a parking space into a street or alley is prohibited except for Residential Districts.
G. Loading Area Standards: Each commercial or industrial building larger than ten thousand (10,000) gross square feet shall provide at least one off-street loading area. Businesses in the Central Business District (B-3) are exempt from providing off-street loading areas.
1. Clearance: Contain a vertical clearance of at least fourteen feet (14').
2. Dimension: Be at least twelve feet (12') wide and thirty five feet (35') deep.
3. Location, Design: Loading areas shall be on the same lot as the building requiring the loading area and the loading area shall be designed to prevent vehicles parked in the loading area from extending into the public right-of-way.
H. Shared Parking:
1. General:
a. Shared parking is allowed among different categories of uses or among uses with different hours of operation, but not both.
b. Up to ten percent (10%) of required parking spaces for any use may be used jointly by a temporary commercial use.
c. Applicants must provide a shared parking agreement executed by the parties establishing the shared parking spaces. The agreement must be filed with the Richland County Clerk and Recorder. Shared parking privileges will continue in effect only as long as the agreement, binding on all parties, remains in force. If the agreement is no longer in force, then parking must be provided as otherwise required by this chapter.
d. Shared parking may be located off site, subject to the regulations of subsection H5, "Off-Site Parking", of this section.
e. Required accessible parking spaces (for persons with disabilities) may not be shared and must be located on site.
2. Shared Parking For Different Categories Of Uses: A use may share parking with a different category of use according to only one of the following subsections:
a. If an office use and a retail sales-related use share parking, the parking requirement for the retail sales-related use may be reduced by up to twenty percent (20%), provided that the reduction does not exceed the minimum parking requirement for the office use.
b. If a residential use shares parking with a retail sales- related use (expressly excluding lodging uses, restaurants and entertainment-related uses), the parking requirement for the residential use may be reduced by up to thirty percent (30%), provided that the reduction does not exceed the minimum parking requirement for the retail sales-related use.
c. If an office and a residential use share off-street parking, the parking requirement for the residential use may be reduced by up to fifty percent (50%), provided that the reduction does not exceed the minimum parking requirement for the office use.
d. If office, retail sales and residential uses share off-street parking, the applicant may elect to use any one of the shared parking reductions listed in this subsection. The applicant may also elect to prepare a shared parking analysis using the Urban Land Institute's (ULI) shared parking analysis methodology. Parking reductions based on the ULI methodology require review and approval by the Zoning Administrator after consultation with the City Public Works Department.
3. Shared Parking For Uses With Different Hours Of Operation:
a. For the purposes of this subsection, the following uses are considered daytime uses:
(1) Customer service and administrative offices;
(2) Retail sales uses, except restaurants, lodging uses, and entertainment-related uses;
(3) Warehousing, wholesaling, and freight movement uses;
(4) Manufacturing, production and industrial service uses; and
(5) Other similar primarily daytime uses, as determined by the Zoning Administrator.
b. For the purposes of this subsection, the following uses are considered nighttime or Sunday uses:
(1) Auditoriums accessory to public or private schools;
(2) Religious assembly uses;
(3) Entertainment-related uses, such as theaters, bowling alleys, and dance halls; and
(4) Other similar primarily nighttime or Sunday uses, as determined by the Zoning Administrator.
c. Up to ninety percent (90%) of the parking required by this chapter for a daytime use may be supplied by the off-street parking provided for a nighttime or Sunday use and vice-versa, when authorized by the Zoning Administrator.
d. The applicant must show that there is no substantial conflict in the principal operating hours of the uses for which shared parking is proposed.
4. General, Location Of Off-Street Parking: Except as otherwise expressly stated, required off-street parking spaces must be located on the same parcel as the building or use they are required to serve.
5. Off-Site Parking:
a. General: All or a portion of required off-street parking may be provided off-site, in accordance with the provisions of this section. Off-site parking areas must comply with all applicable parking area design and accessibility standards. Required accessible parking spaces may not be located off site.
b. Location: Off-site parking areas must be located within a five hundred foot (500') radius of the use served by such parking, measured between the entrance of the use to be served and the outer perimeter of the furthest parking space within the off-site parking lot.
c. Control Of Off-Site Parking Area: The property to be occupied by the off-site parking facilities must be under the same ownership as the parcel containing the use to be served by the parking. The off-site parking area may be under separate ownership only if an agreement is provided guaranteeing the long- term availability of the parking, commensurate with the use served by the parking. Off-site parking privileges will continue in effect only as long as the agreement, binding on all parties, remains in force. If an off-site parking agreement lapses or is no longer valid, then parking must be provided as otherwise required by this chapter.
6. Use Of Off-Street Parking Areas:
a. Required off-street parking areas may be used solely for the temporary parking of licensed motor vehicles in operating condition.
b. Required off-street parking spaces may not be used for the display of goods for sale or lease or for storage of building materials.
c. Required off-street parking spaces are intended to serve residents, tenants, patrons, employees, or guests of the principal use. Off-street parking spaces that are required by this title must be maintained for the life of the principal use.
d. No commercial motor vehicle repair work of any kind is permitted in a required parking space.
7. Driveway Parking Area Design: Parking areas must be laid out and designed in accordance with Municipal Code requirements and City standards and specifications.
a. Driveways must be reviewed and approved by the City Public Works Department before issuance of a zoning compliance permit. Driveways exceeding one hundred fifty feet (150') in length require an additional approval from the Fire Department.
b. Driveways may not exceed a grade of eight percent (8%), provided that a maximum grade of up to ten percent (10%) may be allowed for short distances, not exceeding fifty feet (50'), if approved by the Fire Department and the City Public Works Department.
I. Bicycle Parking: Bicycle parking is encouraged and when utilized by the property owner a minimum of fifty percent (50%) of required bicycle parking spaces shall be located within fifty feet (50') of the front door of the business or the resident's entrance when bicycle parking is required. An inverted U or other similar device, approved through design review, shall be required. Bicycle racks shall be made of solid construction, resistant to rust, corrosion, hammers and saws, and be located in a well illuminated location.
1. Commercial Uses: A minimum of two (2) bicycle parking spaces are required for every twenty (20) automobile parking spaces required.
2. Industrial: None required.
3. Multi-Household Housing: A minimum of one bicycle parking space is required for every five (5) multi-household residential units. A minimum of two (2) bicycle parking spaces are required for multi-household housing units of at least five (5) units. (Ord. 567, 3-20-2017)