(A) Purpose and intent. Accessory off-street parking and loading facilities shall be provided and maintained for all buildings, structures or premises used in whole or in part for purposes permitted by this chapter. These regulations are designed to alleviate or prevent congestion of the public streets by establishing minimum requirements for on-site storage of motor vehicles in accordance with the use to which the property is occupied.
(B) Existing uses.
(1) No use lawfully established prior to the effective date of this chapter shall be required to provide and maintain the parking and loading requirements of this chapter;
(2) For any nonconforming use which is hereafter damaged or partially destroyed, and which is lawfully reconstructed, reestablished or repaired, off-street parking and loading facilities equivalent to those maintained at the time of such damage or partial destruction shall be restored and continued in operation; provided, that in no case shall it be necessary to restore or maintain parking or loading facilities in excess of those required by this chapter for equivalent new uses.
(3) When the intensity of use of any building, structure or premises shall be increased through the addition of dwelling units, floor area, beds, seating capacity or other unit of measurement, parking and loading facilities as required in this chapter shall be provided for such increase in intensity of use.
(4) Whenever the existing use of a building, structure or premises shall hereafter be changed or converted to a new use permitted by this chapter, parking and loading facilities shall be provided as required for such new use.
(5) Accessory off-street parking or loading facilities in existence on the effective date of this chapter shall not hereafter be reduced below, or if already less than shall not be further reduced below, the requirements for a similar new use under the sections of this chapter.
(C) Location.
(1) Accessory off-street parking and loading spaces shall be provided on the same lot as the use served, except as otherwise provided in this chapter, and may be situated as one or more individual areas.
(2) Residential parking shall meet the following standards:
(a) Front yards.
1. Parking for single-family residential uses shall be prohibited within the setback between the street and the building except on a single driveway not exceeding the width of an attached garage facing the street or 22 feet in width where there is no attached garage facing the street. Parking on any other portion of the setback between the street and the building or on a lawn shall be prohibited. Parking shall not be permitted in driveways serving parking lots.
2. Parking for multifamily residential uses shall be prohibited within the required street setback as set forth in § 157.085. Parking shall not be permitted in driveways serving parking lots. Parking shall be prohibited on lawns.
(b) Side and rear yards.
1. Parking areas for single-family uses may occupy a maximum of 50% of the area extending from the rear of the principal structure to the rear lot line between side lot lines.
2. The side and rear parking setback requirement for multifamily uses shall be 1/2 the building setback for the district or five feet, whichever is greater.
(D) Parking standards.
(1) Off-street parking spaces shall comply with the minimum dimensions shown on the following table.
Parking Space Dimensions
Vehicle, space type | Minimum width | Minimum length |
Automobile, parallel | 9 | 22 |
Automobile, angled or 90° | 9 | 20 |
Compact car, parallel | 9 | 20 |
Compact car, angled or 90° | 9 | 18 |
Bus, parallel | 10 | 48 |
Bus, angled | 12 | 42 |
(2) Aisle widths for off-street parking shall comply with the following table.
Parking Aisle Widths*
Parking angle | Aisle width |
45° | 14 feet |
60° | 18 feet |
90° | 24 feet |
*The parking angle shall be measured between the centerline of the parking space and the centerline of the aisle.
(3) All off-street parking or loading facilities shall be designed with appropriate means of vehicular access to a street or alley in a manner that least interferes with traffic movement.
(E) Minimum off-street parking space requirements.
(1) Accessory off-street parking facilities for separate uses may be provided collectively if the total number of spaces so provided is not less than the sum of the separate requirements for each such use; provided, that all regulations governing location of accessory parking spaces, in relation to the use served, are adhered to; provided further, that no parking space or portion thereof shall serve as a required space for more than one use unless otherwise authorized by the Board of Zoning Appeals.
(2) The minimum required number of off-street parking or loading spaces shall be calculated as follows:
(a) If the unit of measurement is any fraction of the unit specified in relation to the number of spaces to be provided, such fraction shall be considered as being the next unit and shall be counted as requiring one space.
(b) In sports arenas, churches and other places of assembly in which patrons occupy benches, pews or other similar seating facilities, each 20 inches of such seating shall be counted as one seat for the purpose of determining requirements hereunder.
(c) In the case of open floor areas used for temporary seating purposes, an area of 16 square feet usable for seating shall be counted as one seat for the purpose of determining requirements hereunder.
(d) For uses involving more than one activity (i.e., manufacturing and office, office and retail, automobile service and convenience store), the requirements for each use shall be calculated separately and then aggregated.
(3) A maximum of 25% of the required parking spaces may be designated as compact car spaces.
(4) The minimum number of required off-street parking spaces shall be as indicated on the following table.
Parking Space Requirements
Use | Minimum number of required spaces |
Use | Minimum number of required spaces |
Agricultural uses | No requirement, except for roadside stands and other commercial or similar uses, when there shall be an adequate number of spaces to serve the public. |
Amusement uses, including skating rinks video arcades, pool and billiard rooms, and similar facilities | One space for each 500 square feet of gross floor area |
Automobile repair uses, including muffler shops, tireshops, quick lubricating, and other similar uses | 2.5 spaces for each service bay. |
Bowling alleys | Four spaces for each lane |
Child care uses, including children's homes, day carecenters, nurseries and kindergartens and similar uses | One space for each five children |
Commercial centers | |
Less than 50,000 square feet | One space for each 200 square feet of gross floor area |
50,000 square feet or larger | One space for each 250 square feet of gross floor area |
Community center uses, including clubs, lodges, community centers, libraries, museums and similar places of assembly | One space for each 100 square feet of assembly area |
Drive-through uses (other than restaurants), including banks, dry cleaners, and similar uses | One space for each 400 square feet of gross floor area, plus stacking spaces as required in § 157.086(H)(1) |
Funeral service | One space for each 35 square feet of seating area |
Group housing, including rooming and boarding houses, dormitories, fraternities and sororities, elderly housing, halfway houses, nursing homes and similar group quarters | One space for each two beds, sleeping units, rooming units or dwelling units plus one space for each 100 square feet of assembly or common area |
Health club uses, including athletic clubs and spas | One space for each 400 square feet of gross floor area |
Use | Minimum number of required spaces |
Use | Minimum number of required spaces |
Health uses, including hospitals, in-patient clinics, and similar uses | One space for each patient bed |
Hotel uses, including hotels, motels, apartment hotels and other facilities for the transient public | One space for each guest room |
Higher education uses, including colleges, universities, professional schools, junior colleges, and vocational schools | 0.8 spaces for each student, based upon the maximum number of students attending classes on the premises during any 24-hour period. If the school provides on-site housing, this requirement may be reduced to 0.5 spaces for each student |
Industrial uses, including manufacturing and similar uses, not catering to the retail trade | |
Less than 3,000 square feet | One space for each two employees |
3,000 to 5,000 square feet | One space for each two employees |
5,001 to 10,000 square feet | One space for each two employees |
Open air business uses | One space for each 1,000 square feet of outdoor storage or display area |
Professional office uses | |
Medical and dental | One space for each 200 square feet of gross floor area |
Other | One space for each 300 square feet of gross floor area |
Religious facility | |
Place of worship | One space for each three seats in the sanctuary |
Residential uses | |
Single-family or two-family | Two spaces per dwelling unit |
Multifamily | 1.5 spaces for each one-bedroom or efficiency unit; two spaces for each two-bedroom unit, plus 0.25 guest spaces per unit |
Restaurant uses | |
Drive-through or fast-food | One space for each 75 square feet of gross floor area plus stacking spaces as required by § 157.086(H)(1) |
Use | Minimum number of required spaces |
Use | Minimum number of required spaces |
General | One space for each 100 square feet of gross floor area |
Retail uses | |
Furniture, appliances or other large consumer goods | One space for each 500 square feet of gross floor area |
Convenience stores | One space for each 200 square feet of gross floor area |
Other retail | One space for each 250 square feet of gross floor area |
Schools | |
Elementary or middle school | Three spaces for each classroom |
High school | Eight spaces for each classroom |
Theater uses, including auditoriums, movie theaters, performing arts facilities, and sports arenas | One space for each four seats |
Warehouse | |
Mini-warehouse | One space for each two employees |
General | One space for each two employees |
(5) Uses not specified. For uses not specified in this section or in such instance when the requirement for an adequate number of spaces is unclear, the number of parking spaces shall be determined by the staff on the basis of similar requirements, the number of persons served or employed and the capability of adequately serving the visiting public. Such determination may be appealed to the Board of Zoning Appeals.
(F) Off-site parking facilities.
(1) Required off-street parking facilities shall be provided on site, except as provided in this section.
(2) In the C-4 district any or all of the parking may be off-site, provided that there are public parking lots available within 900 feet of the use to be served. On-street parking may be counted toward the parking requirements in this district.
(G) Loading requirements.
(1) Uses and buildings with a gross floor area of less than 5,000 square feet shall provide adequate receiving facilities, so as not to obstruct the free movement of pedestrians and vehicles over a sidewalk, street or alley.
(2) Loading spaces shall have a minimum length of 55 feet, a minimum width of 12 feet, and a minimum height clearance of 15 feet.
(3) Uses and buildings with a gross floor area of 5,000 square feet or more shall provide off-street loading spaces in accordance with the following table.
Loading Space Requirement
Use | Floor area (square feet) | Minimum number of loading spaces |
25,001-60,000 | 2 | |
60,0001-100,000 | 3 | |
Each additional 50,000 | 1 | |
Office buildings hotels, retail sales, commercial centers, hospitals, and similar uses. | 5,000-60,000 | 1 |
60,001-100,000 | 2 | |
Each additional 1000,000 | 1 | |
(H) Vehicle stacking areas.
(1) Number of spaces. Vehicle stacking spaces shall be provided as specified on the following table.
Stacking Spaces
Activity type | Minimum stacking spaces | Measured from |
Bank teller lane | 4 | Teller or window |
Automated teller machine | 3 | Teller |
Restaurant drive-through | 6 | Order box |
Restaurant drive-through | 4 | Order box to Pick-up window |
Activity type | Minimum stacking spaces | Measured from |
Car wash stall, automatic | 6 | Entrance |
Car wash stall, self-service | 3 | Entrance |
Gasoline pump island | 2 | Pump island |
Other | Minimum of 2 per window |
(2) Stacking space specifications.
(a) Size. Stacking spaces must be a minimum of eight feet by 20 feet in size.
(b) Location. Stacking spaces may not impede on or off-site traffic movements or movements into or out of off-street parking spaces.
(I) Accessible parking for physically challenged persons.
(1) A portion of the total number of required off-street parking spaces in each off-street parking area shall be specifically designated, located and reserved for use by persons with physical challenges.
(2) The minimum number of accessible spaces to be provided shall be a portion of the total number of off-street parking spaces required, as determined by table located at § 157.086(E)(4). Parking spaces reserved for persons with physical challenges shall be counted toward fulfilling off-street parking standards. Spaces shall be provided in accordance with the following table.
Accessible Parking
Total parking spaces provided | Minimum number of accessible spaces | Minimum number of van-accessible spaces | Minimum number of car- accessible spaces |
Total parking spaces provided | Minimum number of accessible spaces | Minimum number of van-accessible spaces | Minimum number of car- accessible spaces |
1-25 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
26-50 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
51-75 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
76-100 | 4 | 1 | 3 |
101-150 | 5 | 1 | 4 |
151-200 | 6 | 1 | 5 |
201-300 | 7 | 1 | 6 |
301-400 | 8 | 1 | 7 |
401-500 | 9 | 2 | 7 |
501-1,000 | 2% of total spaces | One out of every eight accessible spaces | Seven out of every eight accessible spaces |
Over 1,000 | 20 + one per each 100 spaces over 1,000 | ||
(3) Minimum dimensions. All parking spaces reserved for persons with physical challenges shall comply with the parking space dimension standards of this section, provided that access aisles shall be provided immediately abutting such spaces, as follows:
(a) Car-accessible spaces. Car-accessible spaces shall have at least a five-foot wide access aisle located abutting the designated parking space.
(b) Van-accessible spaces. Van- accessible spaces shall have at least an eight-foot wide access aisle located abutting the designated parking space.
(4) Location of spaces. Required spaces for persons with physical challenges shall be located in close proximity to building entrances and shall be designed to permit occupants of vehicles to reach the building entrance on an unobstructed path.
(5) Signs and marking. Required spaces for persons with physical challenges shall be identified with signs and pavement markings identifying them as reserved for persons with physical challenges. Signs shall be posted directly in front of the parking space at a height of no less than 42 inches and no more than 72 inches above pavement level.
(J) Parking and loading space specifications.
(1) All loading areas and all off-street parking areas for four or more vehicles shall be developed in accordance with the standards of this section, except for one- and two- family dwellings, agricultural and rural uses and storage of vehicular merchandise not counting toward the minimum requirements of this chapter.
(2) Required off-street parking spaces shall be so designed, arranged and regulated as to have individual spaces marked, be unobstructed and have access to an aisle or driveway so that any automobile may be moved without moving another, and so that no maneuvering directly incidental to entering or leaving a parking space shall be on any public right-of-way or walkway.
(3) Off-street parking spaces may be open to the sky or enclosed in a building. In any instance when a building is constructed or used by parking facilities on the zone lot, such building shall be treated as any major structure and subject to all requirements thereof.
(4) No repair work, sales or service of any kind shall be permitted in association with accessory off-street parking facilities unless such facilities are enclosed in a building and otherwise permitted in the zone district.
(5) All open off-street parking and loading areas, including driveways and other circulation areas, shall be surfaced with an all-weather paving material capable of carrying a wheel load of 4,000 pounds, or improved with concrete or a compacted macadam base and surfaced with an asphalted pavement, to adequately provide a durable and dust-free surface which shall be maintained in good condition and free of weeds, dirt, trash and debris. Parking spaces associated with a one- or two-family dwelling are exempt from the paving requirements but shall be maintained with a dust-free surface.
(6) Driveway entrances or exits shall be no closer than 25 feet to an adjoining residential property line or ten feet to an adjoining nonresidential property line or designed in such a manner as to least interfere with traffic movement. No driveway across public property at the right-of-way line shall exceed a width of 30 feet; provided, that two driveways not exceeding 30 feet in width each may constitute a single entrance-exit divider designed driveway; provided further, that such driveways shall conform to the requirements of engineering departments having jurisdiction thereof.
(7) Any lighting facilities used to illuminate off-street parking areas shall be so located, shielded and directed upon the parking area in such a manner that they do not reflect or cause glare onto adjacent properties or interfere with street traffic. In no instance shall bare un-shaded bulbs be used for such illumination. Lighting shall comply with § 157.093.
(8) Parking areas shall be graded and properly drained in such a manner that there will be no free flow of water onto either adjacent property or public sidewalks.
(9) Parking areas shall be so lined or designated as to insure the most efficient use of the parking spaces and shall be provided with bumper guards or wheel guards so located that no part of the parked vehicle will extend beyond the boundary of the established parking area into any minimum required yard or onto any adjoining property
(K) Parking alternatives.
(1) The Board of Zoning Appeals may, as a conditional use, waive any requirement of this section to the extent that the applicant can demonstrate that the regulation is unnecessarily stringent for the following reasons:
(a) Unique times of day of use;
(b) Shared or dual use;
(c) Availability and projected use of alternative transportation modes; and
(d) Anticipated reduction in vehicle use or ownership in connection with a specified use.
(2) A site development plan for an off-site or shared parking facility shall be filed with the Board as a required exhibit accompanying the conditional use petition and shall be made part of the conditions of any approval therefore. Such site development plan shall demonstrate compliance with all applicable standards of this chapter and shall indicate:
(a) Adjacent streets, alleys and lots;
(b) All individual primary uses to be served, including the location, use and number of parking spaces for each such use;
(c) A layout drawn to scale of aisles and driveways, entrances, exits and turnoff lanes, parking spaces, setbacks, drainage facilities and landscaping; and
(d) Off-site or shared parking facilities shall be encumbered by an instrument duly executed and acknowledged which subject such accessory off-street parking facilities to parking uses in connection with the primary use served. Such instrument shall specify the time period. Such instrument shall be recorded in the applicable zoning compliance permit files of the Plan Commission, and placed of public record in the office of the County Recorder.
(L) Use of required off-street parking areas.
(1) Accessory off-street parking facilities required in this section shall be utilized solely for the parking of passenger automobiles or light trucks of less than one-ton capacity, of patrons, occupants or employees of specified uses. Such parking facilities shall not be used for the storage, display, sales, repair, dismantling or wrecking of any vehicle, equipment or material.
(2) Parking areas may be used for permitted temporary uses in accordance with § 157.085, upon a finding by staff that such temporary use will not create on-site parking shortages or traffic congestion.
(Ord. 17-2006, passed 11-27-2006; Am. Ord. 2, 2007, passed 2-12-2007)