(a) General.
(1) When required. In connection with every use, there shall be provided, at the time any building or structure is erected or enlarged, off-street parking spaces for automobiles, in accordance with the requirements specified in subsection (h) hereof. The provisions and maintenance of required off- street parking is the continuing obligation of the property owner and/or tenant and are subject to the design guidelines described in subsection (i) hereof. Required parking spaces shall be improved as required and made available for use before the final certificate of occupancy is issued by the Code Enforcement Division.
(2) Minimum size. Each off-street parking space shall contain an area of not less than 160 square feet, exclusive of access drives and aisles, and shall be of usable shape and condition.
(3) Access.
A. Residential use:
8' to 10' for a one-lane driveway
16' to 20' for a two lane driveway
B. Commercial and public use:
13' for a one lane driveway
26' for a two-lane driveway
C. Industrial use:
15' for one-lane driveway
30' for two-lane driveway.
(4) Type. Parking spaces for all types of uses may be provided either in garages or parking areas conforming with the provisions of this Zoning Ordinance.
(b) Location of Parking Facilities. Except as otherwise provided in the applicable district use regulations, required off-street parking facilities shall be located on the same lot as the principal building or on a lot within 300 feet thereof. The distance specified herein and the distances specified in the district use regulations shall be measured from the nearest point of the parking facility to the nearest point of the lot occupied by the building or use that such facility is required to serve.
(1) When feasible, off-street parking lots shall be located to the side and/or rear of the principle building, thereby preserving architectural unity of the street side of the building lot to pedestrians and motor vehicles. For an example see illustration in subsection (i) hereof.
(c) Units of Measurement. For the purposes of determining off-street parking requirements, the following units of measurement shall apply:
(1) Floor area. In the case of uses where floor area is the unit for determining the required number of off-street parking spaces, such unit shall mean the floor area used or intended to be used by tenants, or for service to the public as patrons, patients, visitors, residents or persons in attendance, including the area used principally for nonpublic purposes, such as storage and incidental repairs, for toilets or rest rooms and for utility rooms, but excluding outside walls, space used or intended to be used for mechanical equipment, stairways, elevator shafts, parking within the principal building, and any other fire-enclosed spaces.
(2) Hospital bassinets. In hospitals, bassinets shall not be counted as beds.
(3) Places of public assembly.
A. Benches: in stadiums, sports arenas, churches and other places of public assembly in which those in attendance occupy benches, pews, or other similar seating facilities, each twenty inches of such seating facilities shall be counted as one seat for the purpose of determining off-street parking requirements under this Zoning Ordinance.
B. Fixed seats and assembly area: in cases where a place of assembly has both fixed seats and open assembly area, requirements shall be computed separately for each type and added together.
(4) Fractions. When units of measurement determining number of required parking spaces result in requirements of a fractional space, any fraction up to and including one-half shall be disregarded and fractions over one-half shall require one parking space.
(d) Change in Use: Additions and Enlargements. Whenever there is change in use, enlargement of building or the extension of land use results in an increase in the number of units used to measure required off-street parking spaces, and such alteration or change creates a need for an increase of more than ten percent in the number of required off-street parking spaces, additional off-street parking shall be provided on the basis of the increase in the number of such units of measurement and shall be subject to design guidelines described herein; provided, however, that in case a change or increase in use creates a need for an increase of less than five off-street parking spaces, no additional parking facilities shall be required.
(e) Mixed Occupancies and Uses Not Specified. In the case of mixed uses, the total requirements for off-street parking facilities shall be the sum of the requirements for the various uses computed separately. Where a use is not specifically mentioned, the requirements for a use which is so mentioned, and to which such use is similar, shall apply. Off-street parking facilities for one use shall not be considered as providing requirements for any other use, except as specified in subsection (g) hereof for joint use.
(f) Collective Provision. Where permitted by the applicable district use regulations, nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent provisions of collective off-street parking facilities for two or more buildings or uses, exclusive of facilities required for dwelling units. In cases of collective use, the required total of such off-street parking space supplied collectively shall be: not less than eighty-five percent of the sum of the requirements of the various uses computed separately; and not less than the largest amount required for any of the uses computed separately; provided further that the applicable district use regulations shall be complied with.
(g) Joint Use of Facilities. Off-street parking facilities required for churches shall be reduced by fifty percent where such churches: abut, either directly or across a street or alley, a nonresidence district; or are located within a nonresidence district; or abut a parking lot serving a business or industrial use in a nonresidence district.
(h) Off-Street Parking Requirements. For permitted residential, institutional, community facilities and office uses.
Use | Parking Spaces Required |
(1) Dwellings, single-family and multiple family | 2 for each family 2 for each dwelling unit |
(2) Charitable and other similar institutions, hospitals, sanitariums, schools of nursing and dormitories | 1 for each four beds plus 1 for every 5 employees for the largest shift |
(3) Art galleries, public buildings, libraries and museums | 1 for each 500 square feet of gross floor area |
(4) Convalescent and nursing homes | 1 for each 6 beds |
(5) Elementary, middle or junior high school | 2 spaces for each classroom and administration offices |
(6) Senior high school | 1 space for each 10 enrolled students, plus 1 space for each classroom and administration office |
(7) School-trade, business, secretarial, industrial or technical | 6 spaces for each classroom |
(8) Colleges or universities | 1 space for each 4 students, plus 1 space for each classroom and administrative office |
(9) Churches | 1 space for each 6 seats in the principal auditorium. 20 inches of bench or pew shall be considered 1 seat |
(10) Theaters, clubs, lodges, community centers, recreation building, meeting rooms, and other places of public assembly. | 1 space for each 4 seats; 20 inches of bench or pew shall be considered 1 seat |
(11) Funeral homes | 8 spaces per reposing room, plus 1 space per funeral vehicle, plus 1 space per employee |
(12) Retail stores | 1 for each 300 square feet of gross first floor area over 1,000 square feet, (minimum 2) but 500 square feet of gross floor area other floors Minimum of 4 spaces plus 1 space for each 200 square feet gross first floor area over 1,000 square feet and 1 space for each 400 square feet gross floor area of other floors |
(13) Office and professional | 1 space for each 300 square feet of gross floor area |
(14) Banks and lending institutions | 1 space for each 250 square feet of gross floor area |
(15) Bowling alleys | 5 spaces per alley |
(16) Restaurants, taverns, night clubs | 1 space for each 100 square feet of gross floor area |
(17) Machinery sales, service garages | 1 space for each 400 square feet of gross floor area |
(18) Industrial buildings, warehouse floor, wholesale houses, over 2,000 square feet of floor area | 1 space for every 3 employees of the largest shift; minimum of 4 spaces |
(19) Doctors and dentists | 5 spaces per examining room |
(20) Gasoline service stations with convenience store | 2 spaces per service bay plus 2 per every 300 square feet of gross floor area |
(21) Hotels, motels, boarding and rooming houses | 1 space per living or sleeping unit |
(22) Shopping center | 1 space for each 300 square feet of gross floor area |
(23) Shopping plaza | 1 space for each 200 square feet of gross floor area |
(24) Elderly high rise housing | 1 space for each 3 dwelling units |
(25) Automobile agencies | 1 space for every 400 feet of gross floor area in addition to the parking area for sales of vehicles |
(i) Design, Landscaping and Maintenance Requirements for New or Expanded Off-Street Parking Lots. Every parcel of land hereinafter used as a public or private parking area shall be developed and maintained in accordance with the following requirements and design guidelines.
(1) Surfacing. All off-street parking areas and access drives for residential and non- residential uses thereto shall be graded and surfaced with an asphaltic or cement binder.
2. Parking Lot Street Frontage, Perimeters, and Interior Landscaping.
A. Street Frontage.
1. Frontage landscaping must cover an area at least five feet wide along the entire side facing a thoroughfare.
(a) Landscaping shall not solely consist of grass, river rock and/or a combination of both Frontage landscaping must include species that are salt and drought - tolerant plantings that provide a buffer at least thirty-six inches tall.
2. Landscaping must be well maintained.
B. Perimeters
1. All non-thoroughfare-facing perimeters of a parking lot must landscape an area three feet wide along the entire edge.
(a) The minimum requirement may be reduced if measures are taken to increase storm water retention on and/or below ground.
2. Perimeter landscaping must include species which are drought and salt tolerant and provide a buffer at least thirty-six inches tall.
3. If the parking lot is directly bound by a building, perimeter landscaping, while sill encouraged, will not be required on that articular side.
C. Screening from Residential Districts. All off-street parking areas for non-residential uses shall be effectively screened by a screen (privacy) fence on each side which adjoins or faces and is within ten feet of any premises situated in any Residential District, unless such premises are developed with a non-residential use. Such fence shall be not less than five feet or more than six feet in height and shall be maintained in good condition. In addition to a privacy fence, additional landscaping materials may be required to conceal the privacy fence from the parking lot.
D. Interior Landscaping.
1. For parking lots with less than twenty spaces, no interior landscaping shall be required; however it is encouraged.
2. for parking lots with twenty-one to fifty spaces ten percent (10%) of the lot, excluding the perimeter landscaping area must be utilized as interior landscaping.
(a) Landscaping shall not solely consistent of grass, river rock or a combination of both.
3. For parking lots with more than fifty spaces, fifteen percent (15%) of the lot, excluding perimeter landscaping area, must be utilized as interior landscaping.
(a) Landscaping shall only include the aforementioned types.
4. All interior landscaping requirements shall be reduced by fifty percent (50%) if storm water retention methods are utilized provided they are in accordance with Section 1759.03 of the Codified Ordinances and deemed acceptable by the City Engineer.
(3) Lighting requirements.
A. Sufficient lighting must be provided in all parking lots. When developing a lighting plan, the following conditions must be adhered to:
1. Lighting must effectively cover the entire lot, as well as places of ingress and egress.
2. Lighting must be tailored to the location, surrounding uses, and the size of the lot.
(a) Lighting must be directed away from surrounding uses, including roadways, residences, and businesses.
(b) The use of floodlights is not permitted.
(c) Lighting shall not be attached to existing poles or structures of any kind.
(d) The luminaires used must be of reasonable size in relation to the size of the lot.
3. Energy efficient bulbs should be utilized.
4. Incorporate energy efficient and off-grid power sources if possible, e.g. solar panels on luminaries.
(1) Storm water retention methods may include the use of permeable pavers, underground retention tanks, bio swales, rain gardens, or retention ponds.
(5) Parking lots must be paved with asphaltic material or cement binder. The use of gravel or any other materials, other than pavement, as the surface of a lot is not permitted.
(6) All disability parking requirements must be followed, as outlined in Section 351.17(s) of the Codified Ordinances.
(7) Existing lots will be subjected to the aforementioned design guidelines at such time as any significant work is done to them.
A. Significant work is defined as repaving, or an increase or reduction in lot size. If any minor modifications or improvements are made to an existing lot, those changes must conform to the relevant aforementioned requirements.
B. Minor modifications are defined as the installation of any type of lot screening, the installation of new interior landscaping, or the installation of new lighting.
(8) Parking lots which provide more landscaping and storm water mitigation than what is required by this section may be eligible for a reduction of B&O taxes.
(9) The provisions of Section 1363.02(i) shall not apply to any property upon which public or private parking is to be permitted for a period of six months or less, provided that the owner or occupier of any such temporary parking obtains from the Zoning Administrator a temporary exemption from the provisions of this section.
(1) This temporary exemption may be extended for one additional six month period. Upon expiration of such temporary exemptions, all public or private parking areas shall thereafter be subject to the requirements of this section.
(10) Plan Submission Requirements. The following list is not exhaustive, but does indicate some minimum plan requirements to facilitate approval.
A. Plans, based on an engineered survey, should include the following information:
1. Sizes and locations of parking spaces, including locations and dimensions of any compact and handicapped spaces.
2. Location, dimension, and grade of driveway or ramp.
3. Indication of traffic flow and direction.
4. Building entrances.
5. Location of storm water management facilities, including storm/trench drains.
6. Spot elevations and elevations of storm water facilities and drains in the City Datum.
7. Location of lighting fixtures.
8. Location and dimension of curb cuts, pedestrian walkways, wheel bumpers and curb stops.
9. Location and dimension of landscaping buffers.
10. Location and dimension of interior landscaping, including area circulation (to satisfy interior landscaping requirement described herein.)
11. Plan schedule - numbers, sizes, types, and locations of plants used.
12. Proposed green parking techniques if applicable.
13. Traffic study, if requested.
(Ord. 0-1622. Passed 5-28-19.)