(A) Purpose.
(1) In order to reduce traffic problems and hazards by eliminating unnecessary on-street parking, every use of land must include on-premises parking sufficient for the needs normally generated by the use, as provided for in this section.
(2) Parking spaces or bays contiguous to the street, required by subdivision or other city ordinances, are in addition to and not in place of the spaces so required.
(B) Applicability. No new building or structure shall be constructed or used in whole or in part, and no building or part thereof shall be altered, enlarged, reconstructed or used, and no land shall be used unless off-street parking is provided in accordance with the following conditions:
(1) No existing off-street parking spaces shall be eliminated by the replacement or enlargement of an existing building or structure, unless they are replaced by spaces provided in accordance with this section;
(2) Enlargements or alterations which result in an increase in the ground coverage or the usable floor area of a building or structure shall require additional off-street parking spaces in accordance with the provisions of this section, but only to the extent that the increase exceeds 5% of the ground coverage or 15% of the floor area existing at the time this section becomes effective;
(3) Changes in the use of existing buildings, structures or of land shall require additional off-street parking spaces in accordance with the provisions of this section, but only to the extent of the change;
(4) Restoration of an existing building or structure that has been damaged or destroyed by fire or other disaster shall be permitted without conforming to the requirements of this division if the restoration or rebuilding complies with the following requirements:
(a) The restoration of the building does not increase the ground coverage that was occupied by the structure being replaced by more than 5%;
(b) The restoration does not increase the usable floor space by more than 15% over that which was in the building being replaced; and
(c) The restoration does not reduce the number of parking spaces that were available to the subject structure, and were in existence, prior to the restoration.
(5) In order to encourage the renovation and adaptive reuse of existing commercial structures, and to maintain a tight and cohesive downtown, additional parking spaces are not required for the reuse of existing structures in the central business district, labeled CB.
(C) Required off-street parking spaces.
(1) Parking spaces shall be provided as follows.
Parking Requirements by Use | |
Uses | Required Parking Spaces |
Parking Requirements by Use | |
Uses | Required Parking Spaces |
Adult arcade | 1 per 2 seats or arcade devices (whichever is greater) plus 1 per employee of largest working shift |
Adult bookstore, adult novelty store or adult video store | 1 for each 200 square feet of floor space |
Adult cabaret or juice bar | 1 per 2 seats plus 1 per employee of largest working shift |
Adult motion picture theater or adult theater | 1 per 4 seats plus 1 per employee of largest working shift |
Airport or heliport | 1 per 2 employees plus 1 per based or daily transient aircraft |
Artificial lake of 3 acres or more, if accessible to the public | 1 per 2 users |
Lawn and garden equipment, boat, agricultural implements, automobile, RV and camper sales | 1 per 3,000 square feet of outdoor sales area and 1 per 400 square feet of gross floor area |
Motor vehicle repair | 1 per 200 square feet of gross floor area |
Banks, business offices, professional offices, similar business uses, post office and similar service uses | 1 per 200 square feet of gross floor area |
Boarding or lodging house | 1 per occupant plus 2 for the resident owner |
Bowing alley | 3 per lane |
Cemetery or crematory | 1 per 2 employees plus 1 per 4 seats in chapel, if provided |
Church or temple | 1 per 2 seats in main auditorium |
Clinic | 1 per employee plus 3 per doctor for patients |
Communication relay tower | 1 plus 1 per 3 employees |
Country club or golf course | 1 per 200 square feet of county club space plus 1 per 2 employees plus 4 per golf hole |
Dancing, aerobics or gymnastics | 1 per 200 square feet, of gross studio floor area |
Department store, antique shop, apparel shop, flower shop, drugstore, hardware store, stationery and book store, newsdealer, record shop, photo studio, barbershop, beauty shop, health spa or fitness center, bakery, restaurant, delicatessen, liquor store, meat market, grocery (including convenience stores), roadside food sales stand, electrical appliance shop, radio-TV shop, dress-maker, millinery, tailor and pressing shop, self-service laundry, dry-cleaning and laundry establishment, billiard room, night club, tavern, furniture and large appliance sales, video rental and sales, auction house, automobile parts shop, ice or roller rink | 1 per 200 square feet gross floor area |
Greenhouse (commercial), facilities for raising or breeding non-farm fowl or animals (commercial) | 1 per 2 employees plus 1 per 125 square feet of sales area |
Hospital | 1 per 2 beds plus 1 per doctor plus 1 per 2 employees plus 1 per hospital vehicle |
Hotel or motel | 1 per 2 employees plus 1 per sleeping room |
Industrial uses generally | 1.5 per employee on largest shift |
Junk yard or recycling center | 1 per employee |
Kindergarten, day care center or children's home | 1 per 2 employees plus 1 per 5 children |
Mortuary | 1 per 3 seats in main auditorium |
Nude model studio | 1.5 per 2 customers or students plus 1 per employee of largest working shift |
Nursing home, group home or halfway house | 1 per 7 persons plus 1 per employee on largest shift |
Outdoor commercial recreational use | 1 per employee plus 1 per 500 square feet of use area |
Penal or correctional institution | 1 per 3 employees plus 1 per 10 inmates (capacity) |
Police station or fire station | 2 per employee on largest shift |
Private club or lodge | 1 per 200 square feet |
Private recreational development | 1 per 200 square feet of use area |
Private camp or campground | 2 per camp site plus 1 per cabin plus 1 per employee |
Public library or museum | 2 per 1,000 square feet gross floor area |
Public or commercial sewage disposal plant | 1 per employee on largest shift |
Bus station | 1 per 10 seats in waiting room plus 1 per 2 employees of connected retail use |
Residential use, including apartments | 2 per dwelling unit |
Riding Stable | 1 per 5,000 square feet |
School | 1 per staff member plus 1 per 5,000 square feet plus 3 per 5 students enrolled if a high school |
Sexual encounter center or peep show facility | 1 per 2 customers plus 1 per employee of largest working shift |
Shopping centers | 5 per 1,000 square feet gross leasable area |
Commercial swimming pools | 1 per 100 square feet of pool area |
Telephone exchange or public utility substation | 1 per employee |
Theater (indoor) | 1.5 per 2 seats |
Theater (outdoor) | 1 per 2 employees |
Tourist home or bed and breakfast | 1 per employee plus 1 per guest bedroom |
Trade or business school | 1 per 2 students and staff |
Truck terminal | 1 per 2 employees plus 4 for customers |
Veterinary hospital or clinic or boarding kennel | 1 per 3 animal spaces (cages or pens) |
Wholesale produce terminal | 1 per 2 employees |
Others | 1 per 200 square feet of use area |
(2) Drive-up services, including but not limited to bank teller, photo pick-up, car washes, fast food order and pick-up, shall provide waiting space for queuing of vehicles awaiting use of drive-up windows.
(a) The requirements are: two 20 foot car-length waiting spaces for each drive-up lane (excluding the space where the transaction takes place), plus one additional space per drive-up lane where the waiting space can be in a common lane for multiple drive-up windows.
(b) Drive-up waiting space requirements are in addition to any off-street parking requirement.
(D) General regulations.
(1) Parking spaces shall not be located in the required front yard except in business and industrial districts.
(2) All parking areas must conform to the location requirements prescribed in this chapter.
(3) Two or more buildings or uses may collectively provide the required off-street parking in which case the required number of parking spaces shall be not less than the sum of the requirements for the several individual uses computed separately. This provision shall apply to a building having space occupied by two or more uses.
(4) When determination of the number of off-street parking spaces required by division (C) above results in a requirement of a fractional space, any fraction of one-half or more shall be counted as one parking space.
(5) Every company car, truck, tractor and trailer normally stored at a business site shall be provided with off-street parking space. The space shall be in addition to the parking requirements of division (C) above.
(E) Off-site parking facilities. Required parking for a nonresidential development may be located off-site under certain circumstances. Requests for variances allowing the substitution of off-site for on-site parking must meet the following requirements.
(1) The off-site parking shall be located so that it will adequately serve the use for which it is intended. In making this determination the following factors, among other things, shall be considered:
(a) Proximity of the off-site parking facilities;
(b) Ease of pedestrian access to the off-site parking facilities; and
(c) The type of use the off-site parking facilities are intended to serve, i.e. off-site parking may not be appropriate for high turnover uses such as retail.
(2) A written agreement shall be drawn to the satisfaction of the City Attorney and executed by all parties concerned assuring the continued availability of off-site parking facilities for the use they are intended to serve.
(F) Development standards. Each parking area shall comply with the standards as hereinafter set forth.
(1) Design.
(a) Parking spaces and maneuvering aisles shall have the minimum dimensions set forth in the following table:
Minimum Parking Space and Aisle Dimensions for Parking Areas (in Feet) | ||||
Angle of Parking | Width of Parking Space | Length of Parking Space | Maneuvering Aisle (1-Way) | Maneuvering Aisle (2-Way) |
76-90 | 10 feet | 22 feet | 22 feet | 22 feet |
61-75 | 10 feet | 22 feet | 20 feet | 22 feet |
46-60 | 10 feet | 22 feet | 18 feet | 22 feet |
0-45 | 10 feet | 22 feet | 16 feet | 22 feet |
(b) Driveways shall be arranged for the free flow of vehicles at all times, and all maneuvering spaces and aisles shall be so designed that all vehicles may exit from and enter into a public street by being driven in a forward direction, except that residential and employee parking spaces may back-in from alleys.
(c) Each required off-street parking space shall be designed so that any motor vehicle may proceed to and from the space without requiring the moving of any other vehicle or by passing other vehicle or by passing over any other parking space, except where the parking area is limited to employees.
(d) On any parking area in any district, all paved portions of all parking spaces and maneuvering aisles shall be set back five feet from any wall of a building, and five feet from any private or public way, or any lot line of any land in residential districts or used for residential purposes.
(2) Construction.
(a) All required parking spaces, maneuvering aisles, and driveways except in A districts shall have a durable, dustless, all-weather surface, such as bituminous concrete or cement concrete, and shall provide for a satisfactory disposal of surface water by grading and drainage in such a manner that no surface water shall drain onto any lot in other ownership and the surfaces shall be well maintained.
(b) Parking areas in all districts shall be provided with curbing, wheel stops or other devices to prevent motor vehicles from being parked or driven within required setback areas or onto the required landscaped open space.
(c) In any parking area, the surface shall be painted, marked or otherwise delineated so that each parking space is apparent.
(d) Spaces shall be made available and conform to Americans with Disabilities Act standards.
(3) Landscaping.
(a) For an outdoor parking area containing 20 or more parking spaces, at least one tree shall be planted for every ten parking spaces on any side of the perimeter of the parking area that abuts the side line of a private or public way, or abuts the lot line of land in residential districts or land used for residential purposes.
(b) In any outdoor parking area, a landscaped open space having an area of not less than 10% of the outdoor parking area on the lot shall be provided. A minimum of one-half of the required landscaped open space shall be located in the interior of the parking area and contain ornamental or shade trees and/or shrubs and/or other appropriate plant materials to provide shade and color easily visible when the lot is full of cars.
(c) Trees required by the provisions of this section shall be at least two inches in diameter at a height of five feet at the time of planting and shall be of a species characterized by rapid growth and by suitability and hardiness for location in a parking lot. To the extent practicable, existing trees shall be retained and used to satisfy the provisions of this division.
(4) Screening. Any parking area which abuts residential districts or uses shall be screened from the residential districts or uses and any parking area shall be screened from a public or private way in accordance with the following requirements.
(a) Materials. Plant materials characterized by dense growth which will form an effective year-round screen shall be planted, or a fence or a wall shall be constructed, to form the screen except as prohibited in §§ 156.036 and 156.061 above. Where a grill or openwork fence or wall is used it shall be suitable in appearance and materials. Screening may consist of both natural and human-made materials. To the extent practicable, existing trees shall be retained and used to satisfy the provisions of this division. Plant material shall also be of a type whose roots will not interfere with utilities.
(b) Height. Screening shall be at least three feet in height. Plant materials when planted, may be not less than two and one-half feet in height if of a species or variety which shall attain the required height and width within two years of planting. Height shall be measured from the finished grade.
(c) Width. Screening shall be in a strip of landscaped open space at least five feet wide, and so located as not to impair visibility of or from approaching traffic or create potential hazards for pedestrians.
(d) Maintenance. All required plant materials shall be maintained in a healthy condition and whenever necessary replaced with new plant materials to ensure continued compliance with screening requirements. All required fences and walls shall be permanently maintained in good repair and presentable appearance and whenever necessary they shall be repaired or replaced.
(e) Lighting. All artificial lighting used to illuminate a parking area, maneuvering space or driveway shall be arranged and shielded so as to prevent direct glare from the light sources into any public street or private way or onto adjacent property.
(f) Earth berms. Where appropriate and recommended by the Design Review Board, landscaped earth berms may be used to help in screening or separating uses or for other useful purposes.
(G) Off-street loading. There shall be provided off-street loading berths not less than the minimum requirements specified in this section in connection with any building or structure which is to be erected or substantially altered, and which requires the receipt or distribution of materials or merchandise by trucks or similar vehicles.
(1) Location. All required off-street loading berths shall be located on the same lot as the use to be served, and no portion of the vehicle shall project into a street or alley. No permitted or required loading berth shall be located within 25 feet of the nearest point of intersection of any two streets, nor shall it be located in a required front yard, or side yard adjoining a street. Some uses are also subject to §§ 156.062 and/or 156.063 above.
(2) Size. Off-street loading berths for over-the-road tractor-trailers shall be at least 14 feet in width by at least 80 feet in length with an 80-foot maneuvering apron, and shall have a vertical clearance of at least 15 feet. For local pick-up and delivery trucks, off-street loading berths shall be at least 12 feet in width by at least 30 feet in length with a 30-foot maneuvering apron, and shall have a vertical clearance of at least 12 feet.
(3) Access. Each required off-street loading berth shall be designed with appropriate means of vehicular access to a street or alley in a manner which will least interfere with traffic movements.
(4) Surfacing. All open off-street loading berths shall be improved with a compacted base not less than six inches thick, or equal, surfaced with not less than two inches of asphaltic concrete or some comparable all-weather, dustless material.
(5) Space allowed. Space allowed to any off-street loading berth shall not, while so allocated, be used to satisfy the space requirements of any off-street parking areas or portions thereof.
(6) Off-street loading space requirements. One off-street loading berth shall be provided for every 10,000 square feet of gross floor area but no more than a total of two spaces up to 40,000 square feet of gross floor area, one space for each additional 40,000 square feet up to 160,000 square feet, and one space for every 80,000 additional square feet.
(Ord. 614, passed 2-22-1999)