(a) Purpose. The purpose of this section is to prevent or alleviate the congestion of public streets, to minimize any detrimental effects of vehicular use areas on adjacent properties, to enhance vehicular use areas with landscape elements, and to promote the safety and welfare of the public.
(b) Applicability. Any building, structure or use of land, when erected or enlarged, shall provide for off-street parking and loading spaces for vehicles in accordance with the following provisions except as set forth in division (d) of this section:
(1) A parking and loading plan shall be required for all uses except single-family detached dwellings and two-family dwellings. The parking and loading plan shall be submitted to the City as part of the application for site plan review.
(2) Whenever a building or use constructed or established after the effective date of this Code is changed or enlarged in floor area, number of employees, number of dwelling units, seating capacity, or otherwise such as to create a need for an increase of ten percent or more in the number of existing parking spaces, such spaces shall be provided on the basis of the enlargement or change.
(3) Whenever a building or use existing prior to the effective date of this Code is enlarged to the extent of fifty percent or more in floor area or in the area used, then the vehicular use area shall comply with the off-street parking requirements as set forth in this section.
(4) Until an overall parking plan is completed for the Downtown Development District (as defined by the boundaries of Owen Brown Street, Main Street and Morse Streets), parking needs for all development in the Downtown Development District will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis.
(c) Plan Elements. The parking and loading plan shall show the following:
(1) Boundaries of the property;
(2) Number of parking spaces;
(3) The arrangement of parking aisles;
(4) The location of driveway entrances;
(5) Provisions for vehicular and pedestrian circulation;
(6) The location of sidewalks, wheel stops, lighting and curbs on or adjacent to the property;
(7) The location of utilities, barriers, shelters, signs, boundary walls, and fences;
(8) The location of landscaping in parking area and the types and location of vegetation to be planted;
(9) Typical cross sections of pavement, and stormwater drainage facilities; and
(10) Other information as set forth in Appendix A or as requested by the Community Development Department.
See Section 1207.04(m), Landscaping/Bufferyards for parking area landscaping requirements.
(d) General Design Standards. All parking and loading plans shall meet the following standards:
(1) Parking lots shall be developed in accordance with all district regulations established for the zoning district in which the parking is located.
(2) Parking areas shall be treated to minimize the visual impact of parked cars as viewed from the public right-of-way and adjacent properties through the use of plantings and earth berms.
(3) Buildings shall be set back from the edge of parking areas to provide for a sidewalk and landscape treatment in front of the building.
(4) Where a sidewalk exists in a public right-of-way adjacent to a site, or is required to be constructed as part of development approval, a pedestrian connection shall be constructed from the building to the sidewalk in compliance with standards set forth in the Americans With Disabilities Act.
(5) Driveways shall not be used as points of ingress and egress for individual parking spaces. Driveways shall be placed such that loading and unloading activities will not hinder vehicular ingress or egress. To the maximum extent feasible, provisions for circulation between adjacent parcels shall be provided through coordinated or joint parking systems to minimize curb cuts along the street. (See division (h) of this section)
(6) Curb definitions shall be maintained, prohibiting continuous access along the frontage of the site.
(e) Computation of Required Parking Spaces. In computing the number of parking spaces required by this section, the following shall apply:
(1) Where building floor area is designated as the standard for determining parking space requirements, floor area shall be the sum of the gross leasable horizontal area of all floors of a non-residential building.
(2) Fractional numbers shall be increased to the next highest whole number.
(3) Parking space requirements for a use not specifically mentioned in this Code shall be determined by using the most similar and restrictive parking space requirements as approved by the City Manager.
(4) When building floor area is designated as the standard for determining parking space requirements and the resulting number of parking spaces is less than the minimum standard, at least one off-street parking space shall be provided on the premises.
(5) Landbanking of parking area for potential future use is encouraged.
(f) Parking Space Requirements.
(1) Minimum parking space requirements. For the purpose of this Code, in establishing minimum off-street parking requirements, the Planning Commission may utilize the requirements set forth below or the requirements set forth in the Parking Generation Manual (Institute of Transportation Engineers, 2nd Edition). The method of calculating off-street parking requirements shall be established by the City Manager during initial review of a development application.
Automotive Repair Services | Two spaces for each service bay, plus one space per employee. |
Automotive Service Stations | One space per fuel pump, plus one space for each 1.5 employees. |
Automotive Dealers | One space for each 400 square feet of floor area plus one for each employee. |
Banks and other Financial | One space for each 400 square feet of floor Institution area plus sufficient stacking space at drive-up facilities to accommodate the number of automobiles equal to five times the number of teller windows. |
Bars/Taverns | One space for each 100 square feet of floor area. |
Bed and Breakfast Inn | One space for each guest room plus two spaces for the permanent residence. |
Car Wash Facilities | Automobile car washes shall provide sufficient stacking spaces for four vehicles per bay, and one space per employee. |
Commercial Nursery or Greenhouse | One space per 1,000 square feet of floor area plus one space per 2,000 square feet of land area. |
Commercial School/Artist Studio | One space per 300 square feet of floor area. |
Contractor Yard | One space for each 1,000 square feet of floor area plus one space for each facility vehicle. |
Convalescent Care Facility/Assisted Living | One space for every six beds plus one space for every two employees. |
Convenience Store | One space for each 200 square feet of floor area. |
Convention or Conference Center | One space for each three seats. |
Day Care Center | One space for each 500 square feet of floor area plus one space for each employee. |
Elementary and Middle Schools | Two spaces per classroom, plus one space for every three seats in the largest assembly hall. |
Entertainment and Amusement Facilities, Indoors | One space for each three seats or one space for each 200 feet of floor area, whichever is greater. |
Funeral Home | Four spaces per 300 square feet of floor area. |
Golf Course | One space per two employees, plus three per golf hole. |
Group Home | One space for each four beds. |
High Schools | One space per two teachers, employees, and administrators, plus one space per ten students. |
Hospitals | One space for each two beds. |
Industrial/Manufacturing | One space for each employee on the shift with the highest number of employees. |
Lodging | One space for each sleeping room plus one space for each 400 square feet of public meeting area and/or restaurant space. |
Medical Clinics | One space for each 100 square feet of floor area. |
Office | One space for each 400 square feet of floor area as the minimum parking space requirement and one space for each 250 square feet of floor area as the maximum permitted parking. |
Personal and Business Services | One space for each 200 square feet of floor area. |
Printing and Related Trades | One space for each 500 square feet of floor area. |
Private Member Recreation Facility or Club | One space per 200 square feet of floor area or one space for each four seats, whichever is greater. |
Public Buildings | One space for each 200 square feet of floor area. |
Recording, Radio, or TV Studios | One space per 400 square feet of floor area. |
Recreational, Non-Commercial | One space for each two participants at maximum utilization. |
Recreational, Commercial | One space for each three persons at capacity. |
Religious Places of Worship | One space for each four seats in the place of assembly. |
Residential, Multi-Family | Two spaces for each dwelling unit. |
Residential, Single-Family | Two spaces for each dwelling unit. |
Residential, Two-Family | Two spaces for each dwelling unit. |
Research and Development Laboratories | One space for each 500 square feet of floor area. |
Restaurants | One space for each two seats of seating capacity. |
Retail Business | One space for each 250 square feet of floor area. |
Shopping Center | One space for each 250 square feet of floor area. |
Skating Rink | One space per each 200 square feet of floor area. |
Swimming Club | One space for each 300 square feet of pool and promenade area. |
Theaters | One space for each three seats plus one for each two employees. |
Veterinarian Facility | Four spaces for each examination room. |
Warehousing | One space for each 1,000 square feet |
(2) These minimum requirements are also the maximum requirements, unless the applicant shows extraordinary circumstances that necessitate additional parking beyond these maximums or as permitted above.
(g) Location of Required Parking Spaces.
(1) Off-street parking. Required off-street parking spaces for any use shall be located on the same parcel as the use they are intended to serve, except where these regulations allow shared parking between uses on different lots pursuant to division (h) of this section.
(2) Residential parking. No residential parking area shall be utilized for commercial vehicle parking.
(3) Parking of inoperable or abandoned vehicles. The parking or storage of inoperable, abandoned, or unlicensed vehicles is prohibited outdoors in all zone districts.
(h) Joint or Collective Parking Facilities. Shared parking facilities are strongly encouraged (see Figure 21) and are permitted if multiple uses cooperatively establish and operate the facilities and if these uses generate parking demands primarily during hours when the remaining uses are not in operation. (For example, if one use operates during evenings or week days only.) The applicant shall have the burden of proof for a reduction in the total number of required off-street parking spaces, and documentation shall be submitted substantiating their reasons for the requested parking reduction. Shared parking may be approved if:
(1) A sufficient number of spaces are provided to meet the highest demand of the participating uses;
(2) Evidence to the satisfaction of the Planning Commission, has been submitted by the parties operating the shared parking facility, describing the nature of the uses and the times when the uses operate so as to demonstrate the lack of potential conflict between them; and
(3) Additional documents, covenants, deed restrictions, or other agreements as may be deemed necessary by the Planning Commission are executed to assure that the required parking spaces provided are maintained and uses with similar hours and parking requirements as those uses sharing the parking facilities remain for the life of the development.
(4) Shared parking spaces shall be located no more than 300 feet from the uses they are intended to serve.
Figure 21: Shared Parking Facilities Encouraged
(5) In Zone District 5, Village Core, any on-street parking located within 300 feet of the subject site that can be accessed by sidewalks and cross walks within that distance shall be counted toward the off-street parking requirement of the subject use, except for residential and commercial lodging uses.
(i) Lot Size/Scale. Large surface parking lots shall be visually and functionally segmented into several smaller lots according to the standards found in Section 1207.04, Landscaping/ Bufferyards, division (m), Landscaping for Parking Lots.
(j) Handicapped Parking Requirements.
(1) Parking facilities serving buildings and facilities required to be accessible to the physically disabled shall have conveniently located designated handicapped parking spaces to be provided as follows:
Total Parking Spaces in Lot | Minimum Number of Accessible Spaces |
Total Parking Spaces in Lot | Minimum Number of Accessible Spaces |
1 to 25 | 1 |
26 to 50 | 2 |
51 to 75 | 3 |
76 to 100 | 4 |
101 to 150 | 5 |
151 to 200 | 6 |
201 to 300 | 7 |
301 to 400 | 8 |
401 to 500 | 9 |
501 to 1,000 | 2 percent of total |
1,001 and over | 20, plus 1 for each 100 over 1,000 |
(2) The dimension of parking spaces serving handicapped persons shall be at least fourteen feet wide by nineteen feet long, and ADA van accessible spaces as required.
(k) Design of Parking Spaces and Aisles. Each required parking space shall meet the minimum dimensional requirements set out in the following table and illustrated in Figure 22 below.
Parking Stall and Aisle Dimensions | |||||||
A | B | C | D | E | F | ||
Parking Angle | Stall Width | Length of Stall | Aisle Width | Width of Access Drive | Bay Width (Center to Center Width of Two Row Bay with Aisle Between) | ||
One Way | Two Way | One Way | Two Way | ||||
Parking Stall and Aisle Dimensions | |||||||
A | B | C | D | E | F | ||
Parking Angle | Stall Width | Length of Stall | Aisle Width | Width of Access Drive | Bay Width (Center to Center Width of Two Row Bay with Aisle Between) | ||
One Way | Two Way | One Way | Two Way | ||||
0° | 9 ft. | 23 ft. | 12 ft. | 18 ft. | 20 ft. | 36 ft. | 36 ft. |
30°–53° | 9 ft. | 18 ft. | 13 ft. | 20 ft. | 20 ft. | 47–53 ft. | 54–60 ft. |
54°–75° | 9 ft. | 19 ft. | 18 ft. | 22 ft. | 20 ft. | 60 ft. | 64 ft. |
76°–90° | 9 ft. | 19 ft. | 22 ft. | 24 ft. | 20 ft. | 60 ft. | 62 ft. |
(l) Aisles. Each required parking space shall have direct and unrestricted access to an aisle of the minimum width set out in division (k) of this section and illustrated in Figure 22.
(m) Access. All parking spaces shall be entered and exited along parking aisles arranged perpendicular to access drives or aisles to the maximum extent feasible. Parking spaces shall not be located along entry drives within thirty feet of the right-of-way or easement line (and at greater distances as may be required by the Planning Commission depending on traffic generation and parking lot size). (See Figure 22)
Figure 22: Parking Stall and Aisle Layout (letters reference headings in the above table)
Figure 23: Parking Along Entry Drives
(n) Maneuverability Areas. In order to promote adequate maneuverability, the following provisions shall be followed:
(1) Turn-around area. Where more than three parking spaces are served by a single driveway, a turn-around area shall be provided, or other provision shall be made, to permit cars to exit the parking lot or garage without backing onto any street or sidewalk.
(2) Back-up area. Each parking space shall be provided with a sufficient back-up area to permit egress in one maneuver, consisting of one backward and one forward movement.
(o) Paving. Any off-street parking or loading area shall be surfaced with a pavement having an asphalt or concrete binder of sufficient strength to support vehicular loads imposed on it while providing a durable, dustless surface.
(p) Drainage. Drainage shall comply with the provisions contained in Section 1207.02
, Stormwater Management. All parking spaces, together with driveways, aisles, and other circulation areas shall be graded and drained so as to dispose of surface water which might accumulate within or upon such area and shall be designed to prevent the excess drainage of surface water onto adjacent properties, walkways, or onto public streets. Adequate arrangements shall be made to insure acceptable diversion to an adequate stormwater drainage system, and these plans shall be reviewed by the City Engineer.
(q) Lighting. Fixed lighting shall comply with the provisions contained in Section 1207.14
, Exterior Lighting, and be arranged to prevent direct glare of beams onto any public or private property or street.
(r) Wheel Stops and Continuous Curbs. Wheel stops or continuous curbs shall be provided, located, and designed to protect required screening devices and landscaping and pedestrian ways from damage or encroachment of vehicles and to provide necessary traffic control in the parking area.
(1) Wheel stops. Each wheel stop shall be a singular block of reinforced concrete, stone, or other durable material six inches in height, six inches in width, and eight feet in length. Wheel stops shall be placed as shown in Figure 25 and securely attached to the ground and may be used only at the end of parking stalls.
(2) Continuous curbs. Continuous curbs shall be made of asphalt, concrete, or stone, and shall be a minimum of six inches in height and six inches in width. They shall form a non-interrupted edge around all landscaped areas adjacent to parking and turn-around areas which are not protected by wheel stops.
(3) Placement. The wheel stop or continuous curb shall be located a minimum of four feet from any structures, buildings, walls, or plant material, excluding groundcover, to prevent a vehicle from driving onto the landscape area or hitting any structure or plant material at the edge of the parking area. The mature size of the plant material shall be specified to determine if the landscaped area meets the setback requirements. (See Figure 23)
(4) Stall dimensions. Where continuous curbs are used, the paved area of the parking stall length required in division (k) of this section and illustrated in Figure 22 (Dimension "C") may be reduced by two and one-half feet as shown in Figure 22, provided that the vehicle overhang will not encroach on pedestrian circulation or the required setback for desirable plant growth. Where wheel stops are used, the paved area of the parking stall length required in division (k) of this section and illustrated in Figure 22 (Dimension "C") shall not be reduced.
Figure 24: Stall Dimensions with Continuous Curbs
(s) Off-Street Loading Requirements.
(1) On the same lot with every building to be used for commercial/retail and industrial purposes, adequate space for standing, loading, and unloading of motor vehicles shall be provided to avoid interference with the public use of streets. Loading spaces shall not conflict with or overlap with the area used for off-street parking.
(2) Plans and design standards.
A. One loading space shall be provided for all buildings having a gross floor area between 10,000 square feet to 20,000 square feet.
B. One additional loading space shall be provided for every additional 20,000 square feet of gross floor area, provided that no such loading space occupies any part of a public street, alley, driveway or sidewalk.
(3) General standards for off-street loading. Every loading space shall be designed, constructed, and maintained in accordance with the standards and requirements set forth:
A. Location of required loading spaces. Loading spaces shall be located on the same lot as the building or structure to which they are accessory. No loading space shall be located in any required front yard, nor shall it permit any vehicle to extend into any front yard or across any lot line of a more restrictive district while being loaded or unloaded.
B. Dimensions. No required loading space shall be less than twelve feet in width or thirty-five feet in length or have a vertical clearance of less than fourteen feet.
C. Access. Loading spaces shall be designed and arranged to provide access to a street or alley in a manner that will create the least possible interference with traffic movement and parking lot circulation.
D. Surface and drainage. Every loading space shall meet the surface and drainage requirements of divisions (o) - Paving and (p) - Drainage of this section.
E. Screening. All operations, material, and vehicles within any loading space that are visible from public streets or from residential uses shall be screened. The screening material shall be year round opaque and may be comprised of landscaping, fences, walls, architectural elements, or a combination of such techniques.
(Ord. 18-93. Passed 10-15-19.)