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(a) No person shall negligently cause the death of another or the unlawful termination of another's pregnancy by means of a deadly weapon or dangerous ordnance, as defined in Ohio R.C. 2923.11.
(b) Whoever violates this section is guilty of negligent homicide, a misdemeanor of the first degree.
(ORC 2903.05)
Statutory reference:
Reckless homicide, felony offense, see Ohio R.C. 2903.041
(a) No person, while operating or participating in the operation of a motor vehicle, motorcycle, snowmobile, locomotive, watercraft, or aircraft, shall cause the death of another or the unlawful termination of another’s pregnancy in any of the following ways:
(1) A. As the proximate result of committing a violation of Ohio R.C. 4511.19(A) or of a substantially equivalent municipal ordinance;
B. As the proximate result of committing a violation of Ohio R.C. 1547.11(A) or of a substantially equivalent municipal ordinance;
C. As the proximate result of committing a violation of Ohio R.C. 4561.15(A)(3) or of a substantially equivalent municipal ordinance.
(2) In one of the following ways:
A. Recklessly;
B. As the proximate result of committing, while operating or participating in the operation of a motor vehicle or motorcycle in a construction zone, a reckless operation offense, provided that this division applies only if the person whose death is caused or whose pregnancy is unlawfully terminated is in the construction zone at the time of the offender’s commission of the reckless operation offense in the construction zone and does not apply as described in division (d) of this section.
(3) In one of the following ways:
A. Negligently;
B. As the proximate result of committing, while operating or participating in the operation of a motor vehicle or motorcycle in a construction zone, a speeding offense, provided that this division applies only if the person whose death is caused or whose pregnancy is unlawfully terminated is in the construction zone at the time of the offender’s commission of the speeding offense in the construction zone and does not apply as described in division (d) of this section.
(4) As the proximate result of committing a violation of any provision of any section contained in Ohio R.C. Title 45 that is a minor misdemeanor or of a municipal ordinance that, regardless of the penalty set by ordinance for the violation, is substantially equivalent to any provision of any section contained in Ohio R.C. Title 45 that is a minor misdemeanor.
(b) (1) Whoever violates division (a)(1) or (2) of this section is guilty of aggravated vehicular homicide, a felony to be prosecuted under appropriate State law.
(2) A. Whoever violates division (a)(3) of this section is guilty of vehicular homicide. Except as otherwise provided in this division, vehicular homicide is a misdemeanor of the first degree. Vehicular homicide committed in violation of division (a)(3) of this section is a felony to be prosecuted under appropriate state law if, at the time of the offense, the offender was driving under a suspension or cancellation imposed under R.C. Chapter 4510 or any other provision of the Ohio Revised Code or was operating a motor vehicle or motorcycle, did not have a valid driver's license, commercial driver's license, temporary instruction permit, probationary license, or nonresident operating privilege, and was not eligible for renewal of the offender's driver's license or commercial driver's license without examination under R.C. § 4507.10 or if the offender previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to a violation of this section or any traffic-related homicide, manslaughter, or assault offense.
B. In addition to any other sanctions imposed pursuant to this division, the court shall impose upon the offender a class four suspension of the offender's driver's license, commercial driver's license, temporary instruction permit, probationary license, or nonresident operating privilege from the range specified in R.C. § 4510.02(A)(4).
(3) A. Whoever violates division (a)(4) of this section is guilty of vehicular manslaughter. Except as otherwise provided in this division, vehicular manslaughter is a misdemeanor of the second degree. Vehicular manslaughter is a misdemeanor of the first degree if, at the time of the offense, the offender was driving under a suspension or cancellation imposed under Ohio R.C. Chapter 4510 or any other provision of the Revised Code or was operating a motor vehicle or motorcycle, did not have a valid driver’s license, commercial driver’s license, temporary instruction permit, probationary license or nonresident operating privilege, and was not eligible for renewal of the offender’s driver’s license or commercial driver’s license without examination under Ohio R.C. 4507.10 or if the offender previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to a violation of this section or any traffic-related homicide, manslaughter, or assault offense.
B. In addition to any other sanctions imposed pursuant to this division, the court shall impose upon the offender a class six suspension of the offender’s driver’s license, commercial driver’s license, temporary instruction permit, probationary license, or nonresident operating privilege from the range specified in Ohio R.C. 4510.02(A)(6) or, if the offender previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to a violation of this section, any traffic-related homicide, manslaughter, or assault offense, or a traffic-related murder, felonious assault, or attempted murder offense, a class four suspension of the offender’s driver’s license, commercial driver’s license, temporary instruction permit, probationary license, or nonresident operating privilege from the range specified in Ohio R.C. 4510.02(A)(4).
(c) The court shall impose a mandatory jail term of at least 15 days on an offender who is convicted of or pleads guilty to a misdemeanor violation of division (a)(3)B. of this section and may impose upon the offender a longer jail term as authorized pursuant to R.C. § 2929.24.
(d) Divisions (a)(2)B. and (a)(3)B. of this section do not apply in a particular construction zone unless signs of the type described in Ohio R.C. 2903.081 are erected in that construction zone in accordance with the guidelines and design specifications established by the Director of Transportation under Ohio R.C. 5501.27. The failure to erect signs of the type described in Ohio R.C. 2903.081 in a particular construction zone in accordance with those guidelines and design specifications does not limit or affect the application of division (a)(1), (a)(2)A., (a)(3)A., or (a)(4) of this section in that construction zone or the prosecution of any person who violates any of those divisions in that construction zone.
(e) (1) As used in this section:
A. “Construction zone” has the same meaning as in Ohio R.C. 5501.27.
B. “Mandatory prison term” and “mandatory jail term” have the same meanings as in Ohio R.C. 2929.01.
C. “Motor vehicle” has the same meaning as in Ohio R.C. 4501.01.
D. “Reckless operation offense” means a violation of Ohio R.C. 4511.20 or a municipal ordinance substantially equivalent to Ohio R.C. 4511.20.
E. “Speeding offense” means a violation of Ohio R.C. 4511.21 or a municipal ordinance pertaining to speed.
F. “Traffic-related homicide, manslaughter, or assault offense” means a violation of Ohio R.C. 2903.04 in circumstances in which division (D) of that section applies, a violation of Ohio R.C. 2903.06 or 2903.08, or a violation of Ohio R.C. 2903.06, 2903.07, or 2903.08 as they existed prior to March 23, 2000.
G. “Traffic-related murder, felonious assault, or attempted murder offense” means a violation of Ohio R.C. 2903.01 or Ohio R.C. 2903.02 in circumstances in which the offender used a motor vehicle as the means to commit the violation, a violation of Ohio R.C. 2903.11(A)(2) in circumstances in which the deadly weapon used in the commission of the violation is a motor vehicle, or an attempt to commit aggravated murder or murder in violation of Ohio R.C. 2923.02 in circumstances in which the offender used a motor vehicle as the means to attempt to commit the aggravated murder or murder.
(2) For the purposes of this section, when a penalty or suspension is enhanced because of a prior or current violation of a specified law or a prior or current specified offense, the reference to the violation of the specified law or the specified offense includes any violation of any substantially equivalent municipal ordinance, former law of this State, or current or former law of this or another state or the United States.
(ORC 2903.06)
(f) Vehicular assault.
(1) No person, while operating or participating in the operation of a motor vehicle or motorcycle, shall cause serious physical harm to another person or another’s unborn as the proximate result of committing, while operating or participating in the operation of a motor vehicle or motorcycle in a construction zone, a speeding offense, provided that this division applies only if the person to whom the serious physical harm is caused or to whose unborn the serious physical harm is caused is in the construction zone at the time of the offender’s commission of the speeding offense in the construction zone and does not apply as described in division (f)(4) of this section.
(2) A. Except as otherwise provided in this division, vehicular assault committed in violation of division (f)(1) of this section is a misdemeanor of the first degree. Vehicular assault committed in violation of division (f)(1) of this section is a felony to be prosecuted under appropriate state law if, at the time of the offense, the offender was driving under a suspension imposed under R.C. Chapter 4510 or any other provision of the Ohio Revised Code or if the offender previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to a violation of division (f)(1) of this section, R.C. § 2903.08, or any traffic-related homicide, manslaughter, or assault offense.
B. In addition to any other sanctions imposed, the court shall impose upon the offender a class four suspension of the offender’s driver’s license, commercial driver’s license, temporary instruction permit, probationary license, or nonresident operating privilege from the range specified in R.C. § 4510.02(A)(4).
(3) The court shall impose a mandatory jail term of at least seven days on an offender who is convicted of or pleads guilty to a misdemeanor violation of division (f)(1) of this section and may impose upon the offender a longer jail term as authorized pursuant to R.C. § 2929.24.
(4) Division (f)(1) of this section does not apply in a particular construction zone unless signs of the type described in R.C. § 2903.081 are erected in that construction zone in accordance with the guidelines and design specifications established by the Director of Transportation under R.C. § 5501.27.
(5) As used in this division (f):
A. “Construction zone.” Has the same meaning as in R.C. § 5501.27.
B. “Mandatory jail term.” Has the same meaning as in R.C. § 2929.01.
C. “Speeding offense.” Has the same meaning as in R.C. § 2903.06.
D. “Traffic-related homicide, manslaughter, or assault offense.” Has the same meaning as in R.C. § 2903.06.
(6) For the purposes of this division (f), when a penalty or suspension is enhanced because of a prior or current violation of a specified law or a prior or current specified offense, the reference to the violation of the specified law or the specified offense includes any violation of any substantially equivalent municipal ordinance, former law of this state, or current or former law of another state or the United States.
(R.C. 2903.08(A)(3), (C)(3), (D)(3), (E) - (G))
Statutory reference:
Vehicular assault and aggravated vehicular assault, felony offenses, see Ohio R.C. 2903.08
Trial court to suspend driver’s license, see Ohio R.C. 4510.05
(a) No person shall knowingly cause or attempt to cause physical harm to another or to another's unborn.
(b) No person shall recklessly cause serious physical harm to another or to another's unborn.
(c) Whoever violates division (a) or (b) of this section is guilty of assault. Except as provided in Ohio R.C. 2903.13(C), assault is a misdemeanor of the first degree.
(d) If an offender who is convicted of or pleads guilty to assault when it is a misdemeanor also is convicted of or pleads guilty to a specification as described in Ohio R.C. 2941.1423 (victim of the offense was a woman whom the defendant knew was pregnant at the time of the offense) that was included in the indictment, count in the indictment or information charging the offense, the court shall sentence the offender to a mandatory jail term as provided in R.C. § 2929.24(F).
(e) A prosecution for a violation of division (a) or (b) of this section does not preclude a prosecution of a violation of any other section of the Ohio Revised Code. One or more acts, a series of acts, or a course of behavior that can be prosecuted under division (a) or (b) of this section or any other section of the Ohio Revised Code may be prosecuted under division (a) or (b) of this section, the other section of the Ohio Revised Code, the municipal ordinance, or both sections. However, if an offender is convicted of or pleads guilty to a violation of division (a) or (b) of this section and also is convicted of or pleads guilty to a violation of R.C. § 2903.22, or any substantially equivalent municipal ordinance, based on the same conduct involving the same victim that was the basis of the violation of division (a) or (b) of this section, the offenses are allied offenses of similar import under R.C. § 2941.25.
(R.C. § 2903.13)
Statutory reference:
Aggravated and felonious assault, see Ohio R.C. 2903.11 and 2903.12
Aggravated vehicular assault, felony, see Ohio R.C. 2903.08
Felony assault offenses, see Ohio R.C. 2903.13(C)
Permitting child abuse, felony offense, see Ohio R.C. 2903.15
Persons who may seek relief under anti-stalking protection order; ex parte orders, see Ohio R.C. 2903.214
Protection order as pretrial condition of release, see Ohio R.C. 2903.213
Strangulation, felony offense, see R.C. § 2903.18
(a) No person shall negligently, by means of a deadly weapon or dangerous ordnance as defined in Ohio R.C. 2923.11, cause physical harm to another or to another's unborn.
(b) Whoever violates this section is guilty of negligent assault, a misdemeanor of the third degree.
(ORC 2903.14)
(a) No person shall knowingly cause another to believe that the offender will cause serious physical harm to the person or property of the other person, such other person’s unborn, or a member of such other person’s immediate family. In addition to any other basis for the other person’s belief that the offender will cause serious physical harm to the person or property of the other person, the other person’s unborn, or a member of the other person’s immediate family, the other person’s belief may be based on words or conduct of the offender that are directed at or identify a corporation, association, or other organization that employs the other person or to which the other person belongs.
(b) Whoever violates this section is guilty of aggravated menacing. Except as otherwise provided in this division (b), aggravated menacing is a misdemeanor of the first degree. If the victim of the offense is an officer or employee of a public children services agency or a private child placing agency and the offense relates to the officer’s or employee’s performance or anticipated performance of official responsibilities or duties, aggravated menacing is a felony to be prosecuted under appropriate State law or, if the offender previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to an offense of violence, the victim of that prior offense was an officer or employee of a public children services agency or private child placing agency, and that prior offense related to the officer’s or employee’s performance or anticipated performance of official responsibilities or duties, a felony to be prosecuted under appropriate State law.
(c) As used in this section, “Organization” includes an entity that is a governmental employer.
(ORC 2903.21)
(a) Prohibited Conduct.
(1) A. No person by engaging in a pattern of conduct shall knowingly cause another person to believe that the offender will cause physical harm to the other person or a family or household member of the other person or cause mental distress to the other person or a family or household member of the other person. In addition to any other basis for the other person’s belief that the offender will cause physical harm to the other person or the other person’s family or household member or mental distress to the other person or the other person’s family or household member, the other person’s belief or mental distress may be based on words or conduct of the offender that are directed at or identify a corporation, association, or other organization that employs the other person or to which the other person belongs.
B. No person, through the use of any form of written communication or any electronic method of remotely transferring information, including but not limited to any computer, computer network, computer program, computer system, or telecommunication device, shall post a message or use any intentionally written or verbal graphic gesture with purpose to do either of the following:
1. Violate division (a)(1)A. of this section;
2. Urge or incite another to commit a violation of division (a)(1)A. of this section.
C. No person, with a sexual motivation, shall violate division (a)(1)A. or (a)(1)B. of this section.
(2) Whoever violates division (a)(1) of this section is guilty of menacing by stalking.
A. Except as otherwise provided in division (a)(2)B. of this section, menacing by stalking is a misdemeanor of the first degree.
B. Menacing by stalking is a felony, to be prosecuted under appropriate State law, if any of the following applies:
1. The offender previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to a violation of Ohio R.C. 2903.211 or a violation of Ohio R.C. 2911.211, or a substantially equivalent municipal ordinance to either of these offenses.
2. In committing the offense under division (a)(1)A., (a)(1)B. or (a)(1)C. of this section, the offender made a threat of physical harm to or against the victim, or as a result of an offense committed under division (a)(1)B. or (a)(1)C. of this section, a third person induced by the offender's posted message made a threat of physical harm to or against the victim.
3. In committing the offense under division (a)(1)A., (a)(1)B. or (a)(1)C. of this section, the offender trespassed on the land or premises where the victim lives, is employed, or attends school, or as a result of an offense committed under division (a)(1)B. or (a)(1)C. of this section, a third person induced by the offender's posted message trespassed on the land or premises where the victim lives, is employed, or attends school.
4. The victim of the offense is a minor.
5. The offender has a history of violence towards the victim or any other person or a history of other violent acts towards the victim or any other person.
6. While committing the offense under division (a)(1)A. of this section or a violation of division (a)(1)C. of this section based on conduct in violation of division (a)(1)A. of this section, the offender had a deadly weapon on or about the offender's person or under the offender's control. Division (a)(2)B.6. of this section does not apply in determining the penalty for a violation of division (a)(1)B. of this section or a violation of division (a)(1)C. of this section based on conduct in violation of division (a)(1)B. of this section.
7. At the time of the commission of the offense, the offender was the subject of a protection order issued under Ohio R.C. 2903.213 or Ohio R.C. 2903.214, regardless of whether or not the person to be protected under the order is the victim of the offense or another person.
8. In committing the offense under division (a)(1)A., (a)(1)B. or (a)(1)C. of this section, the offender caused serious physical harm to the premises at which the victim resides, to the real property on which that premises is located, or to any personal property located on that premises, or as a result of an offense committed under division (a)(1)B. of this section or an offense committed under division (a)(1)C. of this section based on a violation of division (a)(1)B. of this section, a third person induced by the offender's posted message caused serious physical harm to that premises, that real property, or any personal property on that premises.
9. Prior to committing the offense, the offender had been determined to represent a substantial risk of physical harm to others as manifested by evidence of then-recent homicidal or other violent behavior, evidence of then-recent threats that placed another in reasonable fear of violent behavior and serious harm, or other evidence of then-present dangerousness.
10. The victim of the offense is an officer or employee of a public children services agency or a private child placing agency and the offense relates to the officer's or employee's performance or anticipated performance of official responsibilities or duties.
11. The offender previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to an offense of violence, the victim of that prior offense was an officer or employee of a public children services agency or private child placing agency, and that prior offense related to the officer's or employee's performance or anticipated performance of official responsibilities or duties.
(3) Ohio R.C. 2919.271 applies in relation to a defendant charged with a violation of this section.
(4) As used in division (a) of this section:
A. "Computer," "computer network," "computer program," "computer system," and "telecommunications device" have the same meanings as in Ohio R.C. 2913.01.
B. "Emergency facility person" is the singular of "emergency facility personnel" as defined in Ohio R.C. 2909.04.
C. "Emergency medical services person" is the singular of "emergency medical services personnel" as defined in Ohio R.C. 2133.21.
D. “Family or household member” means any of the following:
1. Any of the following who is residing or has resided with the person against whom the act prohibited in division (a)(1) of this section is committed:
a. A spouse, a person living as a spouse, or a former spouse of the person;
b. A parent, a foster parent, or a child of the person, or another person related by consanguinity or affinity to the person;
c. A parent or a child of a spouse, person living as a spouse, or former spouse of the person, or another person related by consanguinity or affinity to a spouse, person living as a spouse, or former spouse of the person.
2. The natural parent of any child of whom the person against whom the act prohibited in division (a)(1) of this section is committed is the other natural parent or is the putative other natural parent.
E. “Mental distress” means any of the following:
1. Any mental illness or condition that involves some temporary substantial incapacity;
2. Any mental illness or condition that would normally require psychiatric treatment, psychological treatment, or other mental health services, whether or not any person requested or received psychiatric treatment, psychological treatment, or other mental health services.
F. “Organization.” Includes an entity that is a governmental employer.
G. “Pattern of conduct” means two or more actions or incidents closely related in time, whether or not there has been a prior conviction based on any of those actions or incidents, or two or more actions or incidents closely related in time, whether or not there has been a prior conviction based on any of those actions or incidents, directed at one or more persons employed by or belonging to the same corporation, association, or other organization. Actions or incidents that prevent, obstruct, or delay the performance by a public official, firefighter, rescuer, emergency medical services person, or emergency facility person of any authorized act within the public official’s, firefighter’s, rescuer’s, emergency medical services person’s, or emergency facility person’s official capacity, or the posting of messages, use of intentionally written or verbal graphic gestures, or receipt of information or data through the use of any form of written communication or an electronic method of remotely transferring information, including but not limited to a computer, computer network, computer program, computer system, or telecommunications device, may constitute a “pattern of conduct.”
H. “Person living as a spouse” means a person who is living or has lived with the person against whom the act prohibited in division (a)(1) of this section is committed in a common law marital relationship, who otherwise is cohabiting with that person, or who otherwise has cohabited with the person within five years prior to the date of the alleged commission of the act in question.
I. “Post a message” means transferring, sending, posting, publishing, disseminating, or otherwise communicating, or attempting to transfer, send, post, publish, disseminate, or otherwise communicate, any message or information, whether truthful or untruthful, about an individual, and whether done under one’s own name, under the name of another, or while impersonating another.
J. “Public official” has the same meaning as in Ohio R.C. 2921.01.
K. “Sexual motivation” has the same meaning as in Ohio R.C. 2971.01.
L. “Third person” means, in relation to conduct as described in division (a)(1)B. of this section, an individual who is neither the offender nor the victim of the conduct.
(5) The prosecution does not need to prove in a prosecution under division (a) of this section that a person requested or received psychiatric treatment, psychological treatment, or other mental heal services in order to show that the person was caused mental distress as described in division (a)(4)D.2. of this section.
(6) A. Division (a) of this section does not apply to a person solely because the person provided access or connection to or from an electronic method of remotely transferring information not under that person's control, including having provided capabilities that are incidental to providing access or connection to or from the electronic method of remotely transferring the information, and that do not include the creation of the content of the material that is the subject of the access or connection. In addition, any person providing access or connection to or from an electronic method of remotely transferring information not under that person's control shall not be liable for any action voluntarily taken in good faith to block the receipt or transmission through its service of any information that it believes is or will be sent in violation of division (a) of this section.
B. Division (a)(6)A. of this section does not create an affirmative duty for any person providing access or connection to or from an electronic method of remotely transferring information not under that person's control to block the receipt or transmission through its service of any information that it believes is or will be sent in violation of division (a) of this section except as otherwise provided by law.
C. Division (a)(6)A. of this section does not apply to a person who conspires with a person actively involved in the creation or knowing distribution of material in violation of division (a) of this section or who knowingly advertises the availability of material of that nature.
(ORC 2903.211)
(b) Protection Order. Consult Ohio R.C. 2903.213 for current provisions regarding protection orders, consent agreements, anti-stalking protection orders and orders issued by a court of another state.
(c) Violating a Protection Order, Consent Agreement, Anti-stalking Protection Order or Order Issued by a Court of Another State.
(1) No person shall recklessly violate the terms of any of the following:
A. A protection order issued or consent agreement approved pursuant to Ohio R.C. 2919.26 or Ohio R.C. 3113.31;
B. A protection order issued pursuant to Ohio R.C. 2151.34, 2903.213 or 2903.214;
C. A protection order issued by a court of another state.
(2) A. Whoever violates division (c) of this section is guilty of violating a protection order.
B. Except as otherwise provided in division (c)(2)C. or D. of this section, violating a protection order is a misdemeanor of the first degree.
C. Violating a protection order is a felony to be prosecuted under appropriate state law if the offender previously has been convicted of, pleaded guilty to, or been adjudicated a delinquent child for any of the following:
1. A violation of a protection order issued or consent agreement approved pursuant to R.C. § 2151.34, 2903.213, 2903.214, 2919.26, or 3113.31, or any substantially equivalent state law or municipal ordinance;
2. Two or more violations of R.C. § 2903.21, 2903.211, 2903.22, or 2911.211, or any substantially equivalent state law or municipal ordinance, or any combination of those offenses, that involved the same person who is the subject of the protection order or consent agreement;
3. One or more violations of this section, or any substantially equivalent state law or municipal ordinance.
D. If the offender violates a protection order or consent agreement while committing a felony offense, violating a protection order is a felony to be prosecuted under appropriate State law.
E. If the protection order violated by the offender was an order issued pursuant to R.C. § 2151.34 or 2903.214 that required electronic monitoring of the offender pursuant to that section, the court may require in addition to any other sentence imposed upon the offender that the offender be electronically monitored for a period not exceeding five years by a law enforcement agency designated by the court. If the court requires under this division that the offender be electronically monitored, unless the court determines that the offender is indigent, the court shall order that the offender pay the costs of the installation of the electronic monitoring device and the cost of monitoring the electronic monitoring device.
(3) It is an affirmative defense to a charge under division (c)(1)C. of this section that the protection order issued by a court of another state does not comply with the requirements specified in 18 U.S.C. 2265(b) for a protection order that must be accorded full faith a credit by a court of this State or that it is not entitled to full faith and credit under 18 U.S.C. 2265(c).
(4) In a prosecution for a violation of this section, it is not necessary for the prosecution to prove that the protection order or consent agreement was served on the defendant if the prosecution proves that the defendant was shown the protection order or consent agreement or a copy of either or a judge, magistrate, or law enforcement officer informed the defendant that a protection order or consent agreement had been issued, and proves that the defendant recklessly violated the terms of the order or agreement.
(5) As used in this section, “protection order issued by a court of another state” means an injunction or another order issued by a criminal court of another state for the purpose of preventing violent or threatening acts or harassment against, contact or communication with, or physical proximity to another person including a temporary order, and means an injunction or order of that nature issued by a civil court of another state, including a temporary order and a final order issued in an independent action or as a pendente lite order in a proceeding for other relief, if the court issued it in response to a complaint, petition or motion filed by or on behalf of a person seeking protection. The term does not include an order for support or for custody of a child issued pursuant to the divorce and child custody laws of another state, except to the extent that the order for support or for custody of a child is entitled to full faith and credit under the laws of the United States.
(ORC 2919.27)
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