(a) Units of Measure. The following rules shall apply when computing parking spaces:
(1) On-Street Parking. On-street parking spaces shall not be counted toward off-street parking space requirements.
(2) Driveway Space. Entrances, exits, or driveways shall not be computed as any part of a required parking lot or area, except in the case of single-family and two-family dwellings where driveways may be used in calculating the amount of off-street parking.
(3) Multiple Uses. Unless otherwise noted or approved, off-street parking areas serving more than one use shall provide parking in an amount equal to the combined total of the requirements for each use.
(4) Area Measurements.
A. Unless otherwise specifically noted, all square footage-based parking standards shall be computed on the basis of gross floor area of all floors in a nonresidential building.
B. Up to 15% of the gross floor area may be excluded from the above calculation if the area is used for storage, restrooms, loading, unloading, or for mechanical equipment.
C. When a measurement of the number of required spaces results in a fractional number, the fraction shall be rounded up to the next highest whole number.
(5) Occupancy- or Capacity-Based Standards.
A. For the purpose of computing parking requirements based on employees, students, residents, or occupants, calculations shall be based on the largest number of persons working on a single shift, the maximum enrollment, or the maximum fire-rated capacity, whichever is applicable, and whichever results in a greater number of parking spaces.
B. In hospitals, bassinets shall not be counted as beds.
C. In the case of benches, pews and similar seating accommodations, each 24 inches thereof shall be counted as one seat for the purpose of determining the parking requirements.
(6) Stacking Spaces. Vehicle stacking spaces that are required for drive-through facilities shall not count toward the off-street parking requirements of this section, and shall be in accordance with Section 1175.07
Stacking Space Requirements.
(7) Unlisted Uses.
A. Upon receiving an application for a use not specifically listed in the parking schedule below, the Zoning Commissioner shall apply the parking standard specified for the listed use that is deemed most similar to the proposed use in regards to use, size and intensity of use.
B. If the Zoning Commissioner determines that there is no listed use similar to the proposed use, intensity, or size, they may refer to the estimates of parking demand based on recommendations from parking studies prepared by the Institute of Traffic Engineers (ITE), Urban Land Institute (ULI), and/or the American Planning Association (APA).
C. The Zoning Commissioner's decision regarding parking requirements for a specific use is appealable to the BZBA as established in Section 1165.09 Appeals.
(b) Required Number of Parking Spaces.
(1) Table 1175.04-1: Minimum Parking Requirements defines the number of parking spaces required for each use within the City of Defiance.
(2) For all uses except single-family and two-family dwellings, the number of parking spaces required in Table 1175.04-1: Minimum Parking Requirements below may be modified according to the following provisions without requiring a variance or other review outside of the zoning permit:
A. An applicant may provide a number of spaces equal to the number of spaces required by Table 1175.04-1: Minimum Parking Requirements; or
B. Up to 10% fewer than the number of spaces required by Table 1175.04-1: Minimum Parking Requirements; or
C. Up to 25% more than the number of spaces required by Table 1175.04-1: Minimum Parking Requirements.
(3) Applicants may propose fewer parking spaces than provided in this section through use of shared parking or off-site parking as established in Section 1175.05 Alternative Parking Options.
(4) Applicants may propose more spaces than allowed in Table 1175.04-1: Minimum Parking Requirements and Subsection 1175.04(b)(2) above, but must obtain approval for the increase by the planning commission during site plan review pursuant to Section 1165.06 Site Plan Review, and provide a parking demand study that illustrates the need for the additional parking.
(5) Uses With Variable Parking Demand Characteristics and Unlisted Uses. For some listed uses, Table 1175.04-1: Minimum Parking Requirements refers to this subsection because the use has widely varying parking and loading demand characteristics, making it difficult to establish a single appropriate off-street parking or loading standard. On receiving an application proposing such a use, or proposing a use not expressly listed in Table 1175.04-1: Minimum Parking Requirements, the Zoning Commissioner is authorized to:
A. Apply the minimum off-street parking space requirement specified in Table 1175.04-1: Minimum Parking Requirements for the listed use that is deemed most similar to the proposed use; or
B. Establish the minimum off-street parking space requirement by reference to standard parking resources published by the National Parking Association or the American Planning Association; or
C. Establish the minimum off-street parking space requirement based on a parking demand study prepared by the applicant that estimates parking demand based on the recommendations of the Institute of Traffic Engineers (ITE) or other acceptable source of parking demand data, and that includes relevant data collected from uses or combinations of uses that are the same or comparable to the proposed use in terms of density, scale, bulk, area, type of activity, and location.
TABLE 1175.04-1: MINIMUM PARKING REQUIREMENTS | |
USE | REQUIRED NUMBER OF PARKING SPACES |
AGRICULTURAL USES | |
Agriculture | No parking spaces required |
Forestry | No parking spaces required |
Plant Cultivation | No parking spaces required |
Specialized Animal Raising and Care | No parking spaces required |
RESIDENTIAL USE CLASSIFICATION [1] | |
Adult Family Homes or Small Residential Facilities | 1.5 spaces per bedroom |
Adult Group Homes or Large Residential Facilities | 1.5 spaces per bedroom |
Apartments on Upper Floors | 1.5 spaces per dwelling unit |
Dwellings, Multi-Family | 1.5 spaces per dwelling unit |
Dwellings, Single-Family | 1.0 space per dwelling unit |
Dwellings, Two-Family | 1.5 spaces per dwelling unit |
Dwellings, Zero Lot Line | 1.0 space per dwelling unit |
Mobile Home Parks | 1.5 spaces per dwelling unit |
Nursing or Convalescent Homes | 1.0 space per sleeping room or suite, or 1.0 space per permanent occupant |
USE | REQUIRED NUMBER OF PARKING SPACES |
PUBLIC AND INSTITUTIONAL USE CLASSIFICATION | |
Airports | 1.0 space per 400 square feet of waiting area plus 1.0 space per 4 hanger or tie-down spaces |
Cemeteries | 1.0 space per 4 seats in a chapel or place of assembly |
Charitable and Philanthropic Institutions | 1.0 space per 2 fixed seats, or 1.0 space per 2 persons based on the maximum occupancy, whichever is greater |
Community Gardens | No parking spaces required |
Cultural Institutions | 1.0 space per 2 fixed seats, or 1.0 space per 2 persons based on the maximum occupancy, whichever is greater |
Essential Services | No parking spaces required |
Hospitals | 1.0 space for every 3 patient beds, plus 4.0 spaces per 1,000 square feet of floor area for outpatient clinics, laboratories, pharmacies, and other similar uses |
Parking Lots & Garages | No parking spaces required |
Public and Government Buildings or Uses | 1.0 space per 250 square feet of floor area |
Public and Government Buildings or Uses, Schools (college or high school) | 1.0 space per 4 seats in the main auditorium, or 4 per classroom, whichever is greater |
Public and Government Buildings or Uses, Schools (except high school or college) | 1.0 space per 5 seats in the main auditorium, or 2 per classroom, whichever is greater |
Public Community Centers | 1.0 space per 2 fixed seats, or 1.0 space per 2 persons based on the maximum occupancy, whichever is greater |
Recreational Facilities, Noncommercial | 1.0 space per 10,000 square feet of park, recreation or open space |
Religious Places of Worship | 1.0 space per 5 seats in the main auditorium |
Solar Farms | No parking spaces required |
Telecommunication Towers and Facilities | 1.0 space per provider |
USE | REQUIRED NUMBER OF PARKING SPACES |
COMMERCIAL USE CLASSIFICATION | |
Animal Hospitals & Veterinarian Clinics | 1.0 space per 250 square feet of floor area |
Assembly Halls & Conference Centers | 1.0 space per 2 fixed seats, or 1.0 space per 2 persons based on the maximum occupancy, whichever is greater |
Automotive Fuel Sales | 1.0 space per 300 square feet of indoor sales area plus 1.0 space per fuel pump or service bay (service bay may not be counted as a parking space) |
Automotive Repair | 1.0 space per 300 square feet of floor area for facilities under 5,000 square feet; or 1.0 space per 500 square feet for facilities of 5,000 square feet or larger |
Automotive Sales or Rental | 1.0 space per 400 square feet of indoor display area plus 1.0 space per 3,000 square feet of outdoor display area; this does not include spaces for display of vehicles for sale, lease or rent |
Automotive Service | 1.0 space per 300 square feet of floor area for facilities under 5,000 square feet; or 1.0 space per 500 square feet for facilities of 5,000 square feet or larger |
Bakeries & Dairies | 1,0 space per 250 square feet |
Banks and Financial Institutions | 1.0 space per 300 square feet, with a minimum of 5.0 spaces |
Bars or Taverns | 1.0 space per 100 square feet |
Bed and Breakfast Establishments | 1.0 space per guest room, plus spaces as required for dwelling unit(s) |
Boarding Houses | 1.5 spaces per bedroom |
Building Trades & Services | 1.0 space per 250 square feet of floor area |
Car Washes | |
Clubs, Lodges or other Social Meeting Places | 1.0 space per 250 square feet of floor area |
Commercial Entertainment Facilities | 1.0 space per 200 square feet or 1.0 space per 5 persons at maximum capacity, whichever is greater |
Commercial Golf Course | 40.0 spaces per 9 holes, plus 1.0 space per employee |
Commercial Recreation Facilities, Bowling Alley | 5.0 spaces per lane; plus 1.0 space per 250 square feet of floor area used for eating, drinking or other recreation |
Commercial Recreation Facilities, Indoors | 1.0 space per 200 square feet or 1.0 space per 5 persons at maximum capacity, whichever is greater |
USE | REQUIRED NUMBER OF PARKING SPACES |
COMMERCIAL USE CLASSIFICATION (Cont.) | |
Commercial Recreation Facilities, Outdoors | 1.0 space per 5,000 square feet of land area, or 1.0 space per 3 persons at maximum capacity, whichever is greater. |
Convenience Stores | 1.0 space per 150 square feet of retail area, with a minimum of 5.0 spaces |
Dry Cleaner | 1.0 space per 250 square feet of floor area, with a minimum of 5.0 spaces |
Educational Institutions, Commercial | 1.0 space per 2 students |
Family Day Care Home, Type A | 1.0 space for every 4 children based on maximum occupancy |
Family Day Care Home, Type B | 1.0 space per every 4 children based on maximum occupancy |
Funeral Homes and Mortuaries | 1.0 space per 50 square feet in slumber rooms, parlors, or individual funeral rooms |
Garden or Landscape Supply Store | 1.0 space per 300 square feet of indoor display and sales area, plus 1.0 space per 1,500 square feet of outdoor display and sales area |
Green Houses and Nurseries | 1.0 space per 300 square feet of indoor display and sales area, plus 1.0 space per 1,500 square feet of outdoor display and sales area |
Hotels & Motels | 1.0 space per sleeping room or suite, or 1.0 space per permanent occupant plus 1.0 space for each 2.0 employees |
Internet Cafes | 1.0 space per 100 square feet of floor area |
Internet Sweepstakes Establishments | 1.0 space per 250 square feet of floor area |
Kennels | 1.0 space for every 1,000 square feet plus 1.0 drop off space per 20 kennel spaces |
Laundry or Laundromat | 1.0 space per 250 square feet of floor area |
Lodging Houses | 1.0 space per sleeping room or suite, or 1.0 space per permanent occupant plus 1.0 space for each 2.0 employees |
Lumber Yard | 1.0 space per 200 square feet of retail sales area over 1,000 square feet |
Medical and Dental Centers or Outpatient Clinics | 1.0 space per 200 square feet |
Mobile Home Sales | 1.0 space per 150 square feet of retail area, plus 1.0 space per 2 employees on the maximum work shifts |
Nursery Schools or Childcare Centers | 1.0 space for every 4 children based on maximum occupancy |
USE | REQUIRED NUMBER OF PARKING SPACES |
COMMERCIAL USE CLASSIFICATION (Cont.) | |
Offices | 1.0 space per 400 square feet of floor area with a minimum of 5 spaces |
Printing & Publishing | 1.0 space per 3 employees |
Restaurants | 1.0 space per 100 square feet of floor area |
Restaurants, Fast Food | 1.0 space per 100 square feet of floor area plus stacking spaces required per Section 1175.07 Stacking Space Requirements |
Retail and Service Commercial Uses | 1.0 space per 250 square feet of retail area |
Self-Storage Facilities or Mini-Warehouses | 3.0 spaces, plus 1.0 space per 50 units |
Services, Business | 1.0 space per 250 square feet, with a minimum of 5 spaces |
Services, Financial | 1.0 space per 300 square feet, with a minimum of 5 spaces |
Services, Personal | 1.0 space per 250 square feet, or 2.0 spaces per station/chair, whichever is greater |
Services, Professional | 1.0 space per 250 square feet, with a minimum of 5 spaces |
Sexually Oriented Businesses | 1.0 space per 250 square feet of floor area, with a minimum of 5 spaces |
Tattoo/Piercing Parlors or Studios | 2.0 spaces per station or service chair |
Transportation & Trucking Terminals | 1.0 space per 500 square feet, plus space to accommodate all vehicles used in connection therein |
Transportation Equipment Sales & Repair | 1.0 space per 1,000 square feet of indoor display area plus 1.0 space per 3,000 square feet of outdoor display area |
Truck, Trailer or Farm Implement Sales and Service | 1.0 space per 1,000 square feet of indoor display area plus 1.0 space per 3,000 square feet of outdoor display area |
Truck Washes | 3.0 spaces per washing bay |
Wholesale Businesses | 2.0 spaces, plus 1.0 space per 300 square feet of retail sales area over 1,000 square feet |
USE | REQUIRED NUMBER OF PARKING SPACES | |
INDUSTRIAL USE CLASSIFICATION | ||
Auto & Metal Salvage Operations (junkyard) | ||
Building Materials Sales & Storage | 2.0 spaces, plus 1.0 space per 200 square feet of retail sales area over 1,000 square feet | |
Bulk Plant | ||
Contractor Offices and Storage | 1.0 space per 250 square feet plus 1.0 space per 5,000 square feet of storage area | |
Crematory | See subsection (b)(5) | |
Grain Elevator & Feed Mills | ||
Laboratories | 1.0 space per 500 square feet | |
Manufacturing, General; Manufacturing, Limited; and Manufacturing Restricted | 1 - 3,000 square feet of floor area | 1.0 space per 250 square feet |
3,001 - 5,000 square feet of floor area | 1.0 space per 500 square feet | |
5,001 - 10,000 square feet of floor area | 1.0 space per 750 square feet | |
10,001 or more square feet of floor area | 1.0 space per 1,250 square feet | |
Mineral, Gravel or Sand Extraction | ||
Oil & Gas Well | ||
Oil & Gas Well Equipment Sales & Storage | 2.0 spaces, plus 1.0 space per 200 square feet of retail sales area over 1,000 square feet | |
Research & Development Facilities | 1.0 space per 500 square feet | |
Sawmill | ||
Slaughterhouses | ||
Stockyards | ||
Warehousing, Distribution or Storage Facility | 1.0 space per 500 square feet | |
NOTES: [1] One additional space of proper size and construction shall be provided for each additional operational vehicle owned or continuously stored on a residential property by the resident or owner | ||
(c) Bicycle Parking Spaces.
(1) All nonresidential uses requiring 25 parking spaces or more should provide two bicycle parking spaces for each 25 required parking spaces, or fraction thereof, but not more than 20 spaces shall be required.
(2) Bicycle racks or other accommodations to allow locking of bicycles should be provided and placed within reasonable access to the main entrance.
(3) The space should be at least two feet wide by six feet long in size.
(4) The location of bicycle racks should not obstruct access to building entrances.
(d) Parking Requirements for the Physically Disabled. Parking spaces for the physically disabled shall be provided as required by the Americans with Disabilities Act regulations and shall include all necessary markings, striping, and signage.
(e) Design Standards for Off-Street Parking Areas.
(1) Location. Off-street vehicular use areas shall be located on the same lot as the use they are intended to serve, except where shared or off-site parking is authorized per Section 1175.05 Alternative Parking Options. Off-street parking facilities shall be located as hereinafter specified.
A. Vehicular Use Areas in Nonresidential Districts.
1. Vehicular use areas located in nonresidential districts shall not encroach into any required landscaping or buffer yard as established in Subsection 1173.02(b)(2). Yard Requirements for Nonresidential Uses Abutting Residential Districts or Chapter 1177 Landscaping and Buffer Standards, with the exception of approved driveways.
2. All vehicular use areas shall be set back a minimum of five feet from any lot line or street right-of-way.
3. No part of any parking area for five or more vehicles shall be closer than 20 feet to any dwelling, school, hospital, or any other institution for human care located on an adjoining lot, unless screened by an unpierced masonry wall, with no advertising, and per the regulations of Subsection 1177.06(e) Fence or Wall Screens.
(2) Parking Space Size. Each off-street parking space shall have an area of not less than 180 square feet, exclusive of access drives or aisles, and shall be of useable shape and condition, and a minimum width of 9.5 feet.
(3) Internal Access and Maneuverability.
A. There shall be adequate provision for ingress and egress to all parking spaces. Where a lot abuts on a public or private alley or easement of access, an access drive with a width as specified in Table 1175.04-2: Aisle Dimensions shall be provided leading to the parking or storage areas, or to the loading or unloading spaces required in Section 1175.10 Off-Street Loading. In the case of residential dwellings, an access drive of no less than eight feet in width shall be provided.
TABLE 1175.04-2: AISLE DIMENSIONS | |||
AISLE WIDTH | |||
PARKING ANGLE | ONE-WAY | TWO-WAY | WIDTH OF ACCESS DRIVE |
0º | 12 feet | 18 feet | 20 feet |
45º | 13 feet | 20 feet | 20 feet |
60º | 18 feet | 22 feet | 20 feet |
90º | 22 feet | 24 feet | 20 feet |
B. All parking spaces shall be entered and exited along parking aisles with dimensions as specified in Table 1175.04-2: Aisle Dimensions, and arranged perpendicular to access drives wherever possible.
C. No parking spaces shall be located along entry drives within 30 feet of the right-of-way or easement line, nor within eight feet of the curb or pavement edge of such restricted entry drive area.
D. Where room permits, parking spaces should be entered and exited along parking aisles and not along main entrance drives for the purposes of safety and to prevent traffic congestion.
E. With the exception of driveways serving single-family dwellings, wherever more than three parking spaces are served by a single driveway, a turnaround area shall be provided, or other provisions shall be made, to permit cars to exit the parking lot or garage without backing onto any street or sidewalk.
F. Each parking space shall be provided with a sufficient back-up area to permit egress in one maneuver, consisting of one backward and one forward movement.
(4) Access to Adjacent Parcels. Cross access easements to adjacent parcels shall be provided where practical in order to achieve better circulation throughout the city and to minimize driveway cuts along public roads.
A. If only one of the adjacent parcels is subject to review, this cross access easement requirement shall be established as a condition of the zoning permit approval, prohibiting the applicant from denying cross access from adjacent parcels.
B. At the establishment of the easement, shared maintenance agreements shall be filed with the Defiance County Recorder and provided to the Zoning Commissioner and City Engineer for City files.
C. All cross access easements shall comply with the City of Defiance Access Management Regulations.
(5) Wheel Stops and Curbing.
A. Continuous curbs of concrete, asphalt, stone or other similar material at least six inches high and six inches wide shall be provided for parking spaces located adjacent to fences, walls, property lines, landscaped areas, and structures, unless the elimination of this curbing is required to adhere to storm water management requirements.
B. Continuous curbs shall be located a minimum of four feet from any structures, buildings, or walls to prevent a vehicle from hitting any structure at the edge of a parking area. See Figure 1175.04-1.
 |
Figure 1175.04 1: Continuous Curb
C. Individual wheel stops may be provided in lieu of continuous curbing only when the parking is adjacent to a landscaped area, and the drainage is directed to the landscaped area.
D. Parked vehicles may overhang an interior landscaped area no more than 2.5 feet. Wheel stops or curbs shall be provided to ensure no greater overhang or penetration on the landscape area.
(Ord. 7675. Passed 11-11-14.)