SECTION 11.3 SPECIFIC OFF-STREET PARKING REQUIREMENTS.

   A.   The amount of off street parking space required for uses, building, or additions and/or changes in intensity of use thereto shall be determined according to the following requirements, and the space so required shall be stated in the application for a zoning and building permit and shall be reserved for that use. Where more than one use is located in the same building, each individual use shall be in accordance with the off-street parking requirements of this section of the chapter.

Types of Uses	Required Number of Parking Spaces
Airport, railroad passenger stations and bus terminals	One parking space per each four seating accommodations for waiting passengers, plus one parking space per each two employees on shift of largest employment
Automobile serve stations (gas stations, filling stations)	One space for each gas pump island, plus two spaces for each working bay, plus one parking space for each employee on largest shift
Beauty parlors or barber shops	Two parking spaces per barber or beauty shop operator
Bowling establishments	Five parking spaces for each lane; plus one space for each two employees on shift of largest employment
Car wash	One parking space for each employee, plus one space per owner or manager and reservoir space equal to five times the capacity of car wash
City or county government offices	One parking space for each 300 square feet of gross floor area
Commercial or trade schools	One parking space for each two students based on design capacity of school, plus one parking space for each employee
Dance halls, pool and billiard halls, and exhibition halls without fixed seats	One parking space for each four persons based on design capacity, plus one space for each two employees on shift of largest employment
Dormitories, fraternities, sorority houses, and other group housing	One parking space per each two residents, plus one parking space per owner or operator; plus one parking space per employee; or one parking space for each two seats for membership meetings, whichever is greater, based on design capacity
Dwellings:   One-family	Two parking spaces
Two-family	Four parking spaces, with individual access for each dwelling unit, or a joint access in which no parking is permitted on the access drive.
Dwellings: (A)   Multi-family (Am. Ord. 920.20, passed 5-7-85)	One and one-half parking spaces for every one or two bedroom dwelling unit and two parking spaces for ever dwelling unit with three or more bedrooms
(B)   Multi-family designed for occupancy by elderly persons, only	One parking space for every two dwelling units
Establishments for sale and consumption on the premises of alcoholic beverages, food, and refreshments, or for take home food services	One parking space per each: (1)   30 square feet of gross floor area in a drive-in restaurant; (2)   140 square feet of gross floor area in a carry-out restaurant; (3)   65 square feet of gross floor area or two seating accommodations, based on maximum seating capacity, whichever is greater in a combination restaurant; (4)   Three seating accommodations, based on maximum seating capacity in a sit-down restaurant; plus one parking space per each two employees on shift of largest employment in any type or restaurant
Fire stations	One parking space per each person on duty on largest shift
Hospitals	One parking space for each two beds, plus one space for each two employees, or staff members, including nurses, on the shift of largest employment, plus one parking space per doctor.
Laundromats	One parking space for each four washing machines, plus one parking space for every two employees.
Libraries, museums, and art galleries	One parking space per each four seats in rooms for public assembly or one parking space for each 50 square feet of gross floor area for use by the public, whichever is greater, plus one space for each two employees on shift of largest employment
Medical offices or clinics	Five parking spaces per each practitioner; plus one parking space per each two employees, or one parking space per each 200 square feet of gross floor area in the building plus one parking space for each two employees, whichever is greater.
Mortuaries or funeral homes	One parking space for each four seats in the main chapel or public assembly area based on maximum seating capacity, plus one parking space for each funeral vehicle and employee, or in the case of no fixed seats, one parking space for each 50 square feet of floor area in parlors or service rooms, or one parking space for each four persons, based on designed capacity of building, whichever is greater plus one parking space for each funeral vehicle and employee
Offices for professional, business and financial, real estate and business purposes other than medical offices and/or clinics	Three parking spaces per 1000 square feet of gross leasable area
Post offices	One parking space for each 300 square feet of gross floor area, plus one parking space for each two employees on the shift of the largest employment; plus one space for each vehicle operating from the premises
Private clubs, boarding houses, and lodge halls	One parking space for each guest sleeping room, or one parking space per each four fixed seats in the main assembly area, whichever is greater, plus one parking space for each two employees, or in the case of no fixed seats, one parking space for each two employees.
Retail and personal service stores	Three parking spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross leasable area
Schools: Elementary, junior high and equivalent, private or parochial schools	One parking space per teacher and administrator or one space for each four seats in the auditorium, stadium, and other places of assembly or facilities available to the public based on maximum seating capacity, which is greater
Schools: Senior high, trade and vocational ,colleges and universities, and equivalent private or parochial schools	Six spaces per each room to be used for instruction or administrative offices or one space for each four seats in the auditorium or stadium, and other places of assembly or facilities available to the public, based on maximum seating capacity, whichever is greater
Shopping centers	Three parking spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross leasable area
Stadium and sports arenas and other recreational facilities	One parking space for each four seats, based on a maximum seating capacity, plus one space for each two employees on shift of largest employment
Theaters, auditoriums, churches, and places of assembly with fixed seats	One parking space for each four seats based on maximum seating capacity, plus one additional space for each two employees on shift of largest employment
Tourist homes, cabins, motels or hotels, excluding areas used for meeting rooms and places of assembly	One parking space for each sleeping room or suite, plus on space per each two employees on shift of largest employment
Industrial establishments, including manufacturing, research, and testing laboratories	Two parking spaces for each three employees, the total number of parking spaces being the total number of employees on any two consecutive shifts having the largest number of employees, based on design capacity, plus one parking space for each company vehicle operating from the premises
Wholesale establishments, warehouses, and storage buildings	One parking space for each employee, plus one parking space for each company vehicle operating from the premises
All other uses not listed herein	Based on study to be prepared by owner or operator; number of spaces to be required determined according to: (1)   Type of use and estimated number of total trips generated during peak conditions (inbound and outbound); (2)   Estimated parking duration per vehicle trip (turn-over rates); (3)   Based on estimated number of trips generated and average parking duration per trip, calculate number of spaces required; (4)   Estimated number of employees (one space to be provided for each two employees based on the shift of maximum employment)

 

   B.   In areas served by regularly scheduled public transit during the operating hours of the type of use, the parking ratios may be adjusted as follows:

      1.   In NCD, CBD, and R-1JJ zones minimum off-street automobile parking ratios residential uses for may be reduced by up to fifty (50) percent as approved in the final site plan from the otherwise applicable standards for new construction or rehabilitation or reuse of existing structures located within six hundred (600) fee of a public transit stop.

      2.   In NCD and CBD zones minimum off-street automobile parking ratios for non-residential uses may be reduced by up to seventy-five (75%) percent as approved in the final site plan from the otherwise applicable standrds for new construction or rehabilitation or reuse of existing structures located within six hundred (600) fee of a public transit stop. Any reduction in minimum off-street automobile parking ratios in excess of fifty (50%) percent shall be approved only as a conditional use.

(Ord. 2017-6, passed 4-4-17)

SECTION 11.4 ACCESS CONTROL REGULATIONS.

   In order to promote greater safety of passage between highway and land; improve the convenience and ease of movement of travelers on the highway; permit reasonable speeds and economy of travel; and increase and protect the capacity of the highway, the location and design of access points shall be in accordance with the following access control requirements, these requirements shall apply to all arterial and collector type streets as identified in the adopted Comprehensive Plan:

   A.   Provision of reserved turning lanes: at those access points where vehicles turning to and from the arterial and collector streets will affect the roadway capacity reserved turn lanes shall be constructed by the developer.

   B.   Provision of frontage road: where possible, provision for the construction of a frontage road shall be made. However, access to the arterial or collector streets via an intersecting street or a common driveway shall be investigated if the design is not reasonable.

   C.   Coordination of access ponts: major access points on opposite sides of the arterial and collector streets shall be located opposite each other, otherwise turning movement restrictions may be imposed by the Planning Commission or City Inspector/Zoning Administrator, whichever is applicable in addition, in order to maximize the efficient utilization of access points, access drive shall be designed, located, and constructed in a manner to provide and make possible the coordination of access with and between adjacent properties developed (present or future) for similar uses. As a condition of approval for construction, use, or reuse of any access road, the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator may require that unobstructed and unencumbered access, in accordance with the provisions of this appendix, be provided from any access point to adjacent properties.

   D.   Spacing restrictions for signalized access points:

      1.   Access points which will warrant signalization shall be spaced a minimum distance of 1/4 miles apart. The exact location of the signal light shall be determined by a traffic engineering study which shall at least account for the following variables:

         a.   Speed;

         b.   Traffic signal phasing;

         c.   Traffic signal cycle length;

         d.   Roadway geometrics; and

         e.   Accident experience

      2.   Provision for all turning movements to maintain the design capacity of the roadway shall be required.

   E.   Sight distance: the location of access points shall comply with safe sight distance requirements as provided in Table 1 of this section. The centerline of all access points shall intersect as nearly at a 90 degree angle as possible, but in no case shall the angle of intersection be less than 75 degrees or greater than 105 degrees, unless approved by the Planning Commission or City inspector/Zoning Administrator, whichever is applicable, due to certain exceptional conditions.

   F.   Location of un-signalzied access point:

      1.   Arterial streets.

         a.   Un-signalized access points shall be spaced a minimum distance of 600 feet apart. Turning restrictions or reserved turn lanes may be required.

         b.   One access point per existing tract will be permitted; however, if the spacing requirements for a direct access point onto an arterial street (as provided in division F.1.a. above) cannot be met, then an access point may be located on a frontage road or on an intersecting local street, or share a common driveway that meets the spacing requirements. In order for the intersecting local street or frontage road to function properly, access onto them should be controlled as follows:

            1)   Access points onto local streets intersecting an arterial street shall be spaced a minimum distance of 100 feet, measured from point of curb return to point of curb return, from the arterial street.

            2)   In areas zoned to permit commercial, industrial, or multi-family residential use, access points from adjacent properties onto frontage roads, shall be no less than 100 feet measured from point of curb return to point of curb return from intersections of the frontage road with local or collector streets.

         c.   Where the frontage of a tract is greater than 500 feet an additional access point may be permitted; however, the type of access will depend on the spacing requirements in division F.1.a. of this section. If the frontage of the tract is large enough, then at least one of the access points may have direct access onto the arterial street, provided the spacing between the adjacent access points meet the requirements of division F.1.a. of this section and all other requirements of this section. In the case where the frontage allows only one point of direct access due to spacing restrictions as provided herein, the second access point will be via a frontage road or an intersecting local street, or share a common driveway that meets the spacing restrictions as provided along the arterial street.

         d.   If a tract of land has no means of access that would meet the requirements of this section, one access point shall be provided. However, all such access points shall be considered a temporary right-of-way and may be terminated, reduced, limited to certain turning movements, or caused to be relocated by the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator at that time as the particular use served by the access point changes or the property is otherwise provided an alternate means of access via a frontage road or an intersecting local street or sharing of a common driveway. Provisions for the construction of a frontage road, restricted turning movements, or other improvements, may be required, as a condition to approval, in order to minimize the number of access points and congestion to the adjacent street. In all cases where access points are classified as temporary, the designation shall be duly noted on the plot plan or site plan submitted for a zoning permit and also upon the deed of the property in question.

      2.   Collector streets.

         a.   On two lane roadway, one access point per existing tract will be allowed; however, if the frontage is greater than 500 feet, an additional access point may be permitted. Furthermore, the minimum spacing between adjacent access points on this type of facility shall be 100 feet, measured from point of curb return to point of curb return, except in the case where the street intersects another collector street or arterial street, then the access points shall be spaced a minimum of 300 feet from the intersection.

         b.   On multi-lane roadways the spacing is dependent on whether or not a barrier median exists (prohibiting left turn movements). If a barrier median exists, access points may be spaced as close as 300 feet; however, certain turning movements will be prohibited. If a barrier median does not exist, then the minimum spacing of access points shall be 600 feet. In addition, some turning movements may be prohibited.

         c.   One access point per existing tract will be allowed; however, if the spacing requirements for a direct access point, as provided in division F.2.a. of this section, cannot be met, then an access point may be located on a frontage road or on an intersecting street or share a common driveway that meets the spacing requirements.

         d.   If a tract of land has no means of access that would meet the requirements of this section, one access point shall be provided. However, all such access points shall be considered a temporary right-of-way and may be terminated, reduced, limited to certain turning movements or caused to be relocated by the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator at that time as the particular use served by the access point changes, or the property is otherwise provided an alternate means of access via a frontage road or an intersecting local street or share a common driveway. Provisions for the construction of a frontage road, restricted turning movements, or other improvements, may be required, as a condition to approval, in order to minimize the number of access points and congestion to the adjacent street. In all cases where access points are classified as temporary, the designation shall be duly noted on the plot plan or site plan submitted for a zoning permit and also upon the deed of the property in question.

   G.   Width of access points:

      1.   In single-family residential zones, no access point width shall be less than nine feet, nor more than 20 feet. In all other zones, access points shall not be less than 12 feet, nor more than 48 feet in width. The width shall be as measured from the point of curb return to point of curb return (or edge of pavement if no curb exists) excluding the curb radius.

      2.   The City Inspector/Zoning Administrator may modify (enlarge or reduce) the width to provide for a more efficient and safe channelization of flow of traffic.

   H.   Exceptions to access points requirements: where situations develop that may require special treatment, the requirements as provided in § 11.3 first six types of uses, may be varied provided that a traffic engineering report is prepared by a qualified traffic engineer, establishing that the special treatment will have no adverse effects on the roadway safety and capacity.

   I.   Access point problem areas: if after special study, it is determined that the type of use or activity proposed would have an adverse effect on the safety and capacity of the adjacent roadway, the access point spacing requirements as contained in this section may have to be increased in order to adequately solve the traffic movement.

   J.   Approval of access points required: plans for all access points and modification access points thereto (including plans to use existing access points where a change of use for any tract of land would generate more traffic than the previous use, thus producing an adverse effect on the adjacent roadway) shall be submitted to the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator and the Northern Kentucky Area Planning Commission staff, at a scale not less than one equals 100 feet. No action of approving or rejecting these plans by the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator shall be taken until a review and recommendation of the plans has been made by the Northern Kentucky Area Planning Commission staff. The plans shall show the location of all access points, and access points within 600 feet in either direction.

The proposed access point shall include typical cross sections of pavement, the base and subbase, proposed grade and storm drainage, and any other information or plans that the circumstances may warrant. If the access points are being located in conjunction with off-street parking or loading and unloading facilities, then those plans shall also include parking and off-street loading or unloading plans, in accordance with §§ 11.0 through 12.2.

   K.   Approval of access points along state-maintained routes by Kentucky Department of Transportation: a copy of the plans for all access points to be constructed along a state-maintained route shall also be submitted to the Kentucky Department of Transportation for review and approval during the same time as plans are submitted to the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator, as provided for in § 11.3.

   L.   No access point plans shall be approved or permits issued for construction by the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator until these access point plans have been approved by the Kentucky Department of Transportation.

(Ord. 2017-6, passed 4-4-17)

ARTICLE XII OFF-STREET LOADING AND UNLOADING REGULATIONS

SECTION 12.0 OFF-STREET LOADING AND UNLOADING REGULATIONS.

   For all buildings and structures erected, altered, or extended, and all uses of land established as specified therein, after the effective date of this appendix, off-street loading and/or unloading facilities shall be provided as required by the regulations herein. However, where a building permit has been issued prior to the date of the adoption of this appendix, and provided that construction has not begun within 90 days of such effective date, off-street loading or unloading facilities in the amounts required by this appendix shall prevail.

(Ord. 2017-6, passed 4-4-17)

SECTION 12.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.

   A.   Spaces required:

      1.   a.   Every building, structure, or part thereof, erected and occupied for uses permitted in commercial and industrial zones, including conditional uses permitted in residential zones, involving the receipt or distribution of vehicles, materials, or merchandise and having up to 5,000 square feet of gross floor area shall be provided with at least one loading or unloading space. A study shall be prepared by the company or operator to determine the additional loading or unloading space needs over and above the first space required for the specific use proposed. In determining the number of spaces needed, the study shall take into consideration the following:

            1)   Estimated and projected arrival and departure rates for scheduled and unscheduled (random) trucks;

            2)   Estimated and projected length of truck stop duration for loading or unloading of each truck;

            3)   Estimated number of trips by vehicle type (such as two axle vehicles, semi-tractor trailers, and the like) and size.

         b.   The City Inspector/Zoning Administrator shall review the study of estimated and projected loading or unloading needs and make a determination if the number of spaces provided is adequate for the use proposed.

      2.   If it is determined by the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator, based on existing conditions of the proposed site, the design of the building, and the completed needs study, that additional loading or unloading spaces are needed to accommodate the facilities than could be reasonably provided, the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator shall require that additional parking areas, properly designed, to handle the parking of necessary trucks including the maneuvering of the trucks to and from the necessary trucks including the maneuvering of the trucks to and from the space, be provided for the storage of trucks waiting to be loaded or unloaded.

      3.   If after approval by the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator of the number of spaces and any storage of truck parking needed to accommodate the loading and unloading of trucks for a specific use, a need exists, based on operation of the specific use, to provide additional off-street loading and unloading spaces or storage of trucks than was previously determined, the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator may require that corrective action be taken to eliminate any deficiencies as follows:

         a.   Limit the time and interval of arrival and departure of trucks commensurate with the need; or

         b.   Require necessary additional loading or unloading spaces, or require that adequate parking areas be provided for the storage of trucks waiting to be loaded or unloaded.

   B.   Additional loading or unloading spaces to be provided: whenever the intensity of any use of a building or premises is increased through addition of gross floor area, change of use or increased activity, additional loading or unloading spaces shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of division A. above, if it is determined by the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator that the existing spaces are not adequate to serve the increase in intensity.

   C.   Location of off-street loading and unloading area: all required loading and/or unloading spaces shall be located on the same zoning lot as the use served. However, permitted uses located in industrial zones may provide parking areas for the storage of trucks waiting to be loaded or unloaded within 300 feet from each lot served, upon the approval of the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator, providing that the off-street storage of trucks are unable to be provided on the same lot or contiguous to the same lot as the use being served and further provided that the storage of trucks is located in the same zone as the use being served. Loading or unloading areas may be located in the side and minimum required rear yards, provided that all loading or unloading facilities shall be set back a minimum of ten feet from the rear lot line and minimum side yard clearances are maintained.

   D.   Driveways not computed as part of required laoding or unloading area. Entrances, exits, or driveways shall not be computed as any part of a required loading or unloading space.

   E.   Off-street loading and unloading space to be used for loading and unloading only: any loading or unloading space shall be used for loading or unloading only. Any other use of such space, including repair work or servicing of any kind other than in an emergency, or the requirement of any payment for the use of such space, shall be in violation of the provisions of this appendix.

   F.   No building to be erected in off-street loading or unloading Space: no building of any kind shall be erected in any off-street loading or unloading space.

   G.   Off-street loading or unloading space shall not be reduced: the required parking spaces as set forth and designated in this appendix shall not be reduced, except as provided for in this appendix.

   H.   Loading or unloading plan approval required: plans for all loading or unloading facilities shall be submitted to the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator for review and for compliance with the provisions of this appendix and any other pertinent ordinances of the City Council. These plans shall show the number and location of loading or unloading spaces, including necessary maneuvering of trucks and dock and apron approach, and arrangements for truck circulation, location of curbs on or adjacent to the property, utilities, location of signs, typical cross sections of pavement, including base and subbase, proposed grade of lot, storm drainage facilities, location and type of lighting facilities, and any other information of plans as the circumstance may warrant. Where loading or unloading plans include provisions for access points to adjacent streets, then those plans shall also be prepared in accordance with the requirements of § 11.4.

(Ord. 2017-6, passed 4-4-17)

SECTION 12.2 DESIGN AND LAYOUT OF OFF-STREET LOADING OR UNLOADING AREAS.

   A.   Size of off-street loading or unloading space: each off-street loading or unloading space shall be at least 14 feet in width and at least 60 feet in length, exclusive of aisle and maneuvering spaces and shall have a vertical clearance of at least 15 feet. However, when it is demonstrated that a particular loading or unloading space will be used by shorter trucks, as provided for in § 12.1.A., the City Inspector/Zoning Administrator may reduce the minimum length to not less than 35 feet.

   B.   Access:

      1.   Each required off-street loading or unloading space shall be designed with direct access via an approved access drive, to a deeded right-of-way which offers efficient ingress, egress, and safety for trucks. Access drives or aisles shall be laid out with a width of at least 12 feet for one-way circulation and at least 22 feet for two-way circulation with intersection radii not to be less than 50 feet.

      2.   Off-street loading or unloading space shall be so designed and constructed so that all maneuvering for loading or unloading can take place entirely within the property lines of the premises being served. These off-street loading or unloading spaces shall be so located as not to hinder the free movement of pedestrians and vehicles over a sidewalk or street.

   C.   Other design features: docks are to be designed to facilitate efficient loading or unloading. Platform heights should be 44 inches for light pickup and delivery trucks and 48 through 52 inches for heavy trucks and trailers. The dock area should be at least twice the total body floor area of the largest number of trucks that can be docked at one time. Minimum dock overhead clearance (including pipes, lights and the like) should be 12 feet.

   D.   Paving of off-street loading or unloading area: all off-street loading or unloading areas, including spaces, maneuvering, and storage areas for truck parking shall be paved with asphalt concrete or Portland cement concrete and shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Appendix A of this appendix.

   E.   Lighting: any lighting used to illuminate off-street loading or unloading areas shall not glare upon any right-of-way or adjacent property.

   F.   Screening and landscaping: all loading or unloading areas including storage of parked trucks, shall be effectively screened on each side adjoining or fronting on any property situated in a residential zone as regulated by § 154.052. Ground cover shrubs and trees shall be located and maintained so as to not interfere with vehicular and pedestrian traffic on the property or with sight distance clearance at entrances and exits.

(Ord. 2017-6, passed 4-4-17)

ARTICLE XIII FENCES, WALLS AND OBSTRUCTION TO VIEW REGULATIONS

SECTION 13.0 VISION CLEARANCE AT CORNERS AND RAILROAD CROSSINGS.

   A.   Except as herein provided, no fence, wall, hedge, or other obstruction above a height of 36 inches as measured above the curb level shall be erected, placed, maintained or continued in any zone within that triangular portion of a corner lot formed by measuring 50 feet from the intersection of the rights-of-way line of two streets or of the right-of-way line of a street intersection with a railroad right-of-way line and joining these points with a straight line.

   B.   No type of tree or planting or other obstruction shall be planted, placed, maintained, or continued in such a manner which would obstruct the vision clearance at corners and railroad crossings.

(Ord. 2017-6, passed 4-4-17)