(A) (1) The following table identifies the types of pipes which can be utilized for the sanitary sewer system, where it can be used and design criteria associated with the pipe material.
Type of Pipe | Where Pipe May be Used | Design Criteria |
Type of Pipe | Where Pipe May be Used | Design Criteria |
Rigid Pipe and Fittings | ||
Vitrified Clay Pipe (VCP) – extra strength (bell and spigot only) | Main sewer, private laterals | Non-residential use, minimum cover 3 feet Engineer’s approval required for less than three feet of cover. |
Flexible Pipe and Fittings | ||
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) | Private laterals | Residential use, solid wall, minimum cover 12 inches. |
Cured in Place Pipe (CIPP) | Main sewer, private laterals | For residential and commercial deteriorated or partially deteriorated pipe. |
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) C906 SDR21 | Main sewer, private laterals | Minimum cover 3 feet, butt welded per ASTMF2620. |
Pipe bursting | Main sewer, private laterals | For residential and commercial deteriorated or partially deteriorated pipe. Must be PVC or welded HDPE, no joints allowed for replacement. (ACP shall not be burst). |
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) (gravity) – SDR 35 | Private laterals | Minimum cover 3 feet. 3 inches - 4 inches diameter permitted for private laterals. Non-residential from building to grease interceptor. |
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) – C900/C905 or SDR 26 | Main sewer, private laterals | 4 inches - 12 inches diameter shall meet AWWA C900 or SDR 18. 14 inches - 35 inches diameter shall meet AWWA C905 or SDR 18. |
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) – Schedule 40/Schedule 80 | Private laterals (forced/pumped systems) | Minimum cover 12 inches, glue joint only. |
Fused Polyvinyl Chloride (FPVC) C900/C905 or SDR 18 | Main sewer | 4 inches - 12 inches diameter shall meet AWWA C900 or SDR 18. 14 inches - 35 inches diameter shall meet AWWA C905 or SDR 18. Butt-fused joints. |
(2) Cover requirements depend on the strength characteristics of the pipe and on soil characteristics and shall be approved by the Engineer.
(B) (1) Rigid pipe and fittings. Rigid pipe and fittings may be used only with prior approval of the Engineer to accommodate special circumstances. Rigid pipe, fittings and joint materials specified herein consist of Vitrified Clay Pipe (VCP) and Ductile Iron Pipe (DIP). All materials incidental to rigid pipe installations shall be supplied by the pipe manufacturer. All rigid pipe required in odd lengths shall be cut using a proper cutting tool and guide that ensures true line cut on the plane perpendicular to the pipe axes. No bevel cuts for pipeline alignment will be permitted.
(a) Vitrified Clay Pipe (VCP) and fittings: Vitrified Clay Pipe and fittings shall conform to ASTM Designation C-700 extra strength, unglazed, bell and spigot. Mechanical type joints having resilient properties conforming to ASTM Designation C-425 shall be used and installed. The pipe shall be tested during manufacture in accordance with ASTM Designation C-301.
(b) Ductile Iron Pipe (DIP) and fittings: Ductile Iron Pipe and fittings shall conform to ANSI/AWWA C151/A21.51 minimum pressure Class 350 for pipe 12 inches and smaller in diameter and minimum pressure Class 250 for pipe greater than 12 inches in diameter.
1. Bell and spigot joint assemblies shall conform to the requirements of Federal Specification WW-P-421c, § 3.1.2 as it applies to Type II, Grade B or C pipe.
2. Standardized mechanical joint assemblies shall conform to the applicable requirements of ANSI/AWWA Standards for the pipe specified and ANSI/AWWA Clll/A21.11.
3. Any ductile iron pipe used in gravity sewer application or in pressure sewer applications where air and gasses can accumulate shall be lined. Lining shall be with high density polyethylene, ceramic epoxy or glass as specified herein.
a. HOPE lining shall be factory applied, certified and tested for absence of holidays and pinholes. Lining shall be minimum 40 mils thick. Lining shall be light colored for improved video inspection purposes.
b. Ceramic epoxy lining shall be Protecto 401, as manufactured by Induron Coatings or equal. Ceramic epoxy shall be applied 40 mils thick.
c. Glass lining shall be two dual layer system such as Fast Fabricators MEH-32, Viteo SG-14 or equal. Glass lining shall be a minimum ten mils thick.
d. Linings shall be applied under pipe factory supervision in accordance with liner manufacturers’ published requirements. Liners shall be spark tested at voltage of 60 V per mil thickness. Pinholes and holidays will be cause for pipe rejection.
4. DIP shall be wrapped in polyethylene encasement per manufacturer’s recommendation and conforming to ANSI/AWWA ClOS. Encasement shall be securely taped and extended/overlapped by a minimum of 12 inches.
(2) Flexible pipe and fittings.
(a) Flexible pipe, fittings and joint materials specified herein consist of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and High-Density Polyethylene (HOPE). All materials incidental to flexible pipe installations, such as gaskets, joint lubricants, cements and the like, shall be supplied by the pipe manufacturer. All flexible pipe required in odd lengths shall be cut using a proper cutting tool and guide that ensures true line cut on the plane perpendicular to the pipe axis. No bevel cuts for pipeline alignment adjustments will be permitted. All flexible pipe for new construction shall be solid wall pipe.
(b) Sewer force mains shall be constructed to Waterworks Standards using AWWA C900 or C905 PVC or Fusion Welded HOPE.
1. ABS solid pipe.
a. ABS pipe shall only be used for private sewers. All ABS pipe and fittings shall be solid wall pipe manufactured in accordance with ASTM Designation D-2751, minimum wall thickness SDR 26, and tested in conformance with the requirements of paragraphs under §§ 7 and 10 of said ASTM D-2680, for SDR 26 pipe.
b. Cement used for non-gasketed ABS pipe shall conform to ASTM Designation D-2295 and will be allowed for private laterals only. Jointing of wet pipe is not allowed. No primer shall be used in the pipe installation. Jointing shall be accomplished by applying a coating of cement to the inside of the socket and to the outside of the spigot end of the pipe to be joined in sufficient quantity that when the spigot is fully inserted into a socket, a bead of excess cement will form around the entire circumference of the outside juncture of said spigot and socket. Excess cement shall then be removed.
2. PVC solid wall pipe.
a. All PVC solid wall pipe and fittings shall be in accordance with the requirements for SDR 26 sewer pipe, as stated in ASTM Designation D-3034, PVC cell class 12454 ASTM D1784, minimum wall thickness of SDR 26, ASTM Designation F-789 Type PS-46. Pipe joints and fittings shall be factory assembled integral wall bell and spigot configuration compatible with the pipe. PVC solid wall pipe shall be used only for gravity sewer applications.
b. Casketed PVC pipe shall have a solid cross section rubber ring gasket. The gasket shall be securely attached to the pipe to prevent displacement of the gasket when installed in the field. All rubber ring gaskets shall be in accordance with ASTM Designation F-477. Lubricant used for field assembly of gasketed PVC pipe shall have no detrimental effect on the gasket, joint, fitting or pipe, and shall be as recommended by the manufacturer.
c. Cement used for non-gasketed PVC pipe for private laterals only shall conform to ASTM Designation D-2564. Jointing of wet pipe is not allowed. Jointing of pipe shall be accomplished by applying a coating of cement to the inside of the bell and the outside of the spigot. The cement shall be applied in sufficient quantity to produce a bead of cement around the entire circumference of the pipe joint. Excess cement shall then be removed.
3. PVC pressure pipe. Where PVC pressure pipe is required, PVC pressure pipe shall conform to the requirements of AWWA C900 minimum Class 165 for pressure pipe manufactured in sizes from four inches to 12 inches in diameter and AWWA C905 Class 165 for sizes 14 inches to 24 inches in diameter. PVC pressure pipe shall be furnished in Ductile Iron Pipe equivalent outside diameters with rubber gaskets, separate couplings or approved equal. Thrust restraint shall be provided at valves and changes of direction for pressure flow applications.
4. FPVC Pipe.
a. All piping shall be made from PVC compound conforming to cell classification 12454 per ASTM D1784. Fusible PVC pipe shall be tested at the extrusion facility for properties required to meet all applicable parameters, as outlined in AWWA C900, AWWA C905 and applicable sections of ASTM D2241. Testing priority shall be in conformance with AWWA C900 and AWWA C905.
b. Fusible C900R, Fusible C-905R and FPVC. Fusible PVC shall conform to AWWA C900, ASTM 2241 or ASTM D1785 for standard dimensionality, as applicable, or AWWA C905. Fusible PVC pipe shall be extruded by plain ends. The ends shall be square to the pipe and free of any bevel or chamfer. There shall be not bell or spigot of any kind incorporated into the pipe. The PVC pipe shall be manufactured in standard 40 feet lengths, and green in color for wastewater. Unless otherwise noted, fusible PVC pipe lengths shall be assembled in the field with butt-fused joints per the manufacturer’s recommendations.
c. Unless otherwise specified, fusible PVC pipe lengths shall be assembled in the field with butt-fused joints.
5. HDPE pipe.
a. All HDPE pipe shall be solid wall, butt-fused pipe conforming to AWWA C906 and ASTM D-3035 and shall meet the minimum cell classification of 345434 E for gravity sewers or 345434 C for pressure sewers, as described in ASTM D3350. HDPE pipe shall meet the requirements of TYPE III, Class B, Category 5 Grade P34 material, as described in ASTM D-1248. The pipe may contain no more than 10% reworked resin gathered from within the manufacturer’s own plant from resin meeting these specifications. Pipe color for gravity sewer application shall be natural gray. Pipe color for pressure sewer applications may be natural gray or black. Wall thickness shall be no less than DR 21.
b. The pipe shall be marked at five-foot intervals or less with a coded number that identifies the manufacturer, SDR, size, material, machine, date and shift on which the pipe was extruded.
c. Any pipe, which has cuts or abrasions in the pipe wall exceeding 10% of the wall thickness, shall be removed from the site.
d. The pipe shall be joined using the butt fusion method in strict accordance with the pipe manufacturer’s recommendations and ASTM D2657. The fusion equipment shall be capable of meeting all conditions recommended by the pipe manufacturer, including, but not limited to, fusion temperature, alignment and fusion pressure. Pipes four inches to 12 inches in diameter shall be de-beaded. Pipes larger than 12 inches in diameter are not required to be de-beaded. De-beading method shall be pre-approved by the District.
e. Fittings shall conform to ASTM D-3261. Electro-fusion or butt fusion fittings may be used provided approval is granted in advance by the Engineer.
6. CIPP (Cured in Place Pipe) lining.
a. The CIPP liner shall consist of thermosetting resin and an absorbent carrier tube to hold the resin. When the resin and carrier tube are combined followed by installation into the existing pipe and curing, they shall result in a finished CIPP liner that meets the requirements of ASTM F1216-03 for inversion liners, ASTM F1743 for pull-in liners and ASTM D5813 for CIPP materials. The final cured in place liner materials shall provide the mechanical and chemical resistance properties in accordance with the requirements of ASTM F1216 or F1743 and D5813. At a minimum, the cured CIPP liner shall be fully resistant, chemically and mechanically, to sewage.
b. CIPP liner for private laterals may be used only if approved by the District Engineer.
7. Pipe bursting. Bursting may be allowed for residential and commercial uses on private laterals and for District main lines. Specific material types for existing laterals may be suitable for pipe bursting, including plastic pipe, vitrified clay, cast iron, plain concrete and reinforced concrete pipe if deteriorated and not heavily reinforced. Pipe bursting of ACP pipe is not allowed.
a. All existing adjacent utilities must be located prior to any pipe bursting activity. Prior to pipe bursting, plans shall be submitted to the District Engineer that include bursting method and equipment to be used, bypass methods, plan and profile of existing sewer laterals, including location of all adjacent utilities both crossing and parallel, and limits of pipe bursting including insertion and reception pits.
b. Replacement pipe shall be fusible PVC or welded HDPE. No joints shall be allowed for replacement pipe.
8. Storage.
a. Pipe shall be stored, if possible, at the job site in unit packages provided by the manufacturer. Caution shall be exercised to avoid compression, damage or deformation to bell ends of the pipe and barrel.
b. When unit packages of flexible pipe are stacked, ensure that weight or upper units do not cause deformation to pipe in lower units.
c. Flexible pipe unit packages shall be supported by racks or dunnage to prevent damage to the bottom of the pipe during storage. Supports shall be spaced to prevent pipe bending.
d. When long-term storage with exposure to direct sunlight is unavoidable, flexible pipe shall be covered with an opaque material while permitting adequate air circulation above and around the pipe as required to prevent excessive heat accumulation.
e. Flexible pipe shall not be stored close to heat sources or hot objects, such as heaters, boilers, steam lines, engine exhaust and the like.
f. Gaskets, if required, shall be protected from excessive exposure to heat.
9. Deflection. The inside diameter of an installed section of flexible pipe shall not be allowed to deflect more than 5% of the base inside diameter (as defined in ASTM D3034) following 30 days after installation. Deflection testing conducted during daily installation and any time prior to 30 days after installation shall be based on an allowable deflection of 3.3% of the base inside diameter. The testing mandrel sizes for PVC SDR 26 pipe are shown in the following table. For flexible pipe materials other than PVC SDR 26, the mandrel diameter shall be calculated based on the minimum inside diameter according to manufacturer’s published information.
Nominal Diameter(1) (inches) | Pipe Specification | Base Inside Diameter (inches) | 96.6% Mandrel Diameter(2) (inches) | 95% Mandrel Diameter(3) (inches) |
8 | PVC SDR 26 | 7.488 | 7.24 | 7.11 |
10 | PVC SDR 26 | 9.342 | 9.03 | 8.87 |
12 | PVC SDR 26 | 11.102 | 10.73 | 10.55 |
15 | PVC SDR 26 | 13.575 | 13.12 | 12.90 |
(1) Larger pipe diameters shall be as determined by the Engineer. (2) Use for testing less than 30 days after installation. (3) Use for testing 30 days or more after installation. | ||||
a. Flexible pipe deflection shall be checked by means of a nine-arm “go-no go” mandrel pipe deflection gauge. The mandrel shall have pulling rings at each end and shall be pulled by hand through the sewer without the aid of mechanical pulling devices. The pipe deflection shall be checked in the presence of the Engineer after the placement and compaction of all trench backfills, but prior to installation of aggregate base and/or asphalt concrete.
b. The mandrel deflection gauge shall be fabricated to permit passage through installed sections of pipelines within the specified tolerances for flexible pipe. Any section or sections of flexible pipe that does not permit deflection gauge passage are unacceptable and said section or sections shall be properly repaired or replaced and rechecked as directed by the Engineer.
10. Miscellaneous requirements.
a. Two water stops specified by the pipe manufacturer and approved by the District shall be installed at all manhole connections. The water stops shall be placed in the manhole base and centered under the manhole wall. The water stops shall be firmly fitted around the pipe exterior. Said water stops may also consist of a manhole coupling with rubber sealing rings cast into the structure base. No rubber boot type connections are allowed. The water stops shall consist of at least two continuous circles of contact such as two O-rings or a shear band coupling with two stainless steel bands.
b. Wyes or tees for building sewers or lateral connections shall be completed using in-line bell and spigot type fittings molded from resins specified. Exception to this is when a saddle-type fitting is authorized on the plans or as directed by the Engineer in the field. Fittings and taps that protrude into the sewer main will not be allowed.
c. Fittings shall be sized to receive type of pipe specified for constructing sewer lateral. Installation of fittings will be in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations.
(3) Other pipe. Other pipe materials may be used for sewer installation provided prior approval by the Engineer is granted. The pipe shall be joined with couplings as furnished with the pipe by the manufacturer and installed as specified by the manufacturer.
(Ord. 2019-02, passed 4-25-2019)