(A) General requirements.
(1) Permanent off-street parking for all structures and uses of land, except parking for individual single-family residences, shall conform to the minimum requirements of division (I) of this section. These standards, to be used as a guide to the Zoning Administrator, are based on parking standards for general land use categories, the developer is ultimately responsible for ensuring that sufficient parking is provided.
(2) Off-street parking facilities provided to comply with the provisions of this subchapter shall not be reduced below the requirements of this subchapter.
(3) In sections of the Central Business District (CBD) that are west of Market Street, north of Clyburn Lane, and south of Lafayette Street, no off-street parking will be required for all uses, except that adequate off-street parking and unloading spaces must be provided, in compliance with this subchapter, for churches, daycare centers, schools, and residences.
(4) Off-street parking is permitted in yard and setback areas required by this Zoning Ordinance, but shall not be permitted in any required buffer area.
(B) Calculation of off-street parking requirements.
(1) The number of parking spaces required shall be calculated so that fractional portions of parking spaces are considered a full space.
(2) Calculation for required off-street parking for any bar, lounge, nightclub, or restaurant shall include all seats located in outdoor seating areas.
(C) Change or expansion of an existing use.
(1) Change in the use of an existing structure or site shall require compliance with the minimum parking requirements applicable to the new use.
(2) Any expansion of an existing building or use shall require review by the Zoning Administrator to determine additional off-street parking necessary to accommodate the expansion area or change, per the requirements of division (I) of this section.
(3) Any addition of dwelling units, personnel, seats, chairs, or other similar changes shall require review by the Zoning Administrator to determine additional parking necessary to accommodate that addition or change, per the requirements of division (I) of this section.
(D) Parking for uses not listed in table. Parking for uses not expressly provided for in division (I) of this section shall be determined by the Zoning Administrator, who shall apply the unit of measurement set forth in the table for a use that he deems to be most similar to the proposed use.
(E) Multiple uses. Combined parking areas serving two or more principal uses shall contain spaces equal in number to the total of spaces required for all principal uses served. This requirement is also in effect if the principal uses are the same or have the same parking requirements.
(F) Location of parking. Required off-street parking must be provided on the same lot or parcel or within 500 feet of the principal use for which it is required, in a parking facility the title to which and/or easement for the use of which runs with and/or is appurtenant to the title of such principal use, offsite in an area approved by the city as shared parking for the use, or where such parking is to be provided by a public garage or facility, approved by the Zoning Administrator. Shared parking areas are encouraged and shall be permitted whenever the Zoning Administrator determines that the minimum parking requirements can be met for each use based upon the number of spaces needed for each use, the frequency of the use of spaces by each use, and the timing of the use of spaces for each use.
(G) Parking in the Central Business District. City parking lots may be used to satisfy the off-street parking requirements for residential uses located on the upper floors of commercial buildings in the Central Business District (CBD) per review and approval by the Zoning Administrator.
(H) Off-street parking requirements.
Use | 2012 NAICS | Off-Street Parking Requirements |
Use | 2012 NAICS | Off-Street Parking Requirements |
RESIDENTIAL USES | ||
All residential uses, including manufactured home parks (except multi-family dwellings) | NA | 2.0 per dwelling unit or designated manufactured home space |
Multi-family dwellings | NA | 1.5 spaces per one bedroom unit; 2.0 spaces per unit for all others |
ACCESSORY USES TO RESIDENTIAL AND NON-RESIDENTIAL USES | ||
Accessory apartment to residential use | NA | 1.0 per apartment |
Upper story residential above non-residential use | NA | 1.0 per dwelling unit |
ACCOMMODATION AND FOOD SERVICES | ||
Bed and breakfast inns | 721191 | 1.0 per guestroom, 2 spaces for owner, 1 space per staff member |
Drinking places | 7224 | 1.0 per 150 sf GFA |
Full and limited service restaurants | 7221 7222 | 1.0 per 150 sf GFA |
Hotels and motels | 72111 | 1.1 per rental unit |
Rooming and boarding houses | 72131 | 1.0 per bedroom |
RV parks and recreational camps | 7212 | By administrative review |
Special food services, except for mobile food services (NAICS 72233) | 7223 | 1.0 per 350 sf GFA |
ADMINISTRATIVE AND SUPPORT AND WASTE MANAGEMENT AND REMEDIATION SERVICES | ||
All administrative and support and waste management and remediation services (except as listed below) | 561 562 | 1.0 per 50O sf GFA |
Business support services | 5614 | 1.0 per 300 sf GFA |
Landscape and horticultural | 56173 | 1.0 per 1,000 sf GFA |
Remediation and other waste treatment and disposal | 5629 | 1.25 spaces per employee |
Salvaging and scrap steel cutting | 56292 | 1.0 per 300 sf GFA_ |
AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, FISHING AND HUNTING | ||
Support activities for crop production and forestry | 1151 1153 | 1.0 per 1,000 sf GFA |
ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION | ||
All other amusement and recreation industries | 71399 | By administrative review |
Amusement parks and arcades | 7131 | By administrative review |
Arboreta and botanical gardens | 71213 | 1.2 per 1,000 sf GFA |
Bowling centers | 71395 | 5.0 per lane |
Fitness and recreation sports centers | 71394 | 1.0 per 300 sf GFA |
Golf courses (public and private) and country clubs | 71391 | 1.0 per 4 members based on maximum anticipated membership |
Historical sites | 71212 | 1.2 per 1,000 sf GFA |
Horse racing, training only | 711212 | By administrative review |
Independent artists, writers and performers | 7115 | 1.0 per 350 sf GFA |
Marinas | 71393 | 1.5 per slip or berth |
Museums and art galleries (not retail) | 71211 | 1.2 per 1,000 sf GFA |
Nature parks | 71219 | 1.2 per 1,000 sf GFA |
Other gambling industries | 713290 | By administrative review |
Performing arts companies | 7111 | 1.0 per 300 sf GFA |
Public parks, playgrounds and community centers | 71399 | By administrative review |
Spectator sports (commercial) | 7112 | By administrative review |
Tennis and swimming clubs | 71391 | 1.0 per 4 members based on maximum anticipated membership |
Zoos | 71213 | 1.2 per 1,000 sf GFA |
CONSTRUCTION | ||
All construction uses | 236-238 | 1.0 per 1,000 sf GFA |
EDUCATIONAL SERVICES | ||
All educational uses (except elementary and secondary schools) | 6112- 6117 | 5.0 per classroom, plus 2 per admin, office |
Elementary schools | 6111 | 2.0 per classroom, plus 5 admin. spaces |
Secondary schools | 6111 | 5.0 per classroom, plus 10 admin. spaces |
FINANCE AND INSURANCE | ||
All finance and insurance uses, including pawn shops (except check cashing establishment, title loan lender and deferred presentment lender) | 522-525 | 1.0 per 350 sf GFA |
Check cashing establishment, title loan lender and deferred presentment lender | 52239 | 1.0 per 200 sf GFA |
HEALTH CARE AND SOCIAL ASSISTANCE | ||
Child and adult care services | 6244 62412 | 1.0 per 200 sf GFA |
Community care facilities for the elderly | 6233 | 1.0 per 500 sf GFA |
Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services | 6242 | 1.0 per 150 sf GFA |
Home health care services | 6216 | 1.0 per 500 sf GFA |
Hospitals | 622 | 0.7 per bed |
Individual and family services | 6241 | 1.0 per 350 sf GFA |
Medical and diagnostic laboratories | 6215 | 1.0 per 500 sf GFA |
Nursing care facilities | 6231 | 0.4 per bed |
Offices of physicians, dentists and other health practitioners | 6211 6212 6213 | 1.0 per 150 sf GFA |
Other ambulatory health care services | 6219 | 1.0 per 500 sf GFA |
Other residential care facilities | 6239 | 1.0 per 500 sf GFA |
Outpatient care centers | 6214 | 1.0 per 150 sf GFA |
Residential mental retardation, mental health and substance abuse facilities | 6232 | 1.0 per 500 sf GFA |
Social assistance | 624 | 1.0 per 350 sf GFA |
Vocational rehabilitation services | 6243 | 1.0 per 350 sf GFA |
INFORMATION | ||
All information uses (except as listed below) | 51 | 1.0 per 500 sf GFA |
Libraries and archives | 51912 | 1.0 per 350 sf GFA |
Motion picture and video distribution | 51212 | 1.0 per 350 sf GFA |
Motion picture theaters, drive-in | 512132 | By administrative review |
Motion picture theaters, except drive-ins | 512131 | 1.0 per 5 seats |
MANUFACTURING | ||
All manufacturing uses (except nonmetallic mineral products and primary metal) | 31-33 | 1.0 per 500 sf GFA |
Nonmetallic mineral products (stone, glass, clay, concrete) | 327 | 1.0 per 1,000 sf GFA |
Primary metal | 33l | 1.0 per 1,000 sf GFA |
OTHER SERVICES | ||
All other personal services | 81299 | 1.0 per 300 sf GFA |
Animal shelters and pounds | 812910 | 1.0 per 1,000 sf GFA |
Automotive repair and maintenance | 8111 | 1.0 per 500 sf GFA |
Business, professional, labor, political and similar organizations | 8139 | 1.0 per 250 sf GFA |
Car washes - full service | 811192 | 1.0 per employee |
Civic and social organizations | 8134 | 1.0 per 250 sf GFA |
Coin-operated laundries and dry cleaners | 81231 | 1.0 per 250 sf GFA |
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance | 8113 | 1.0 per 350 sf GFA |
Crematories | 81222 | 1.0 per 500 sf GFA |
Dry cleaning and laundry services (except coin-operated) | 81232 | 1.0 per 500 sf GFA |
Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance | 8112 | 1.0 per 350 sf GFA |
Footwear and leather goods repair, shoe shine shop | 81143 | 1.0 per 300 sf GFA |
Funeral homes and funeral services | 81221 | 5.0 plus 1.0 per 2 seats main assembly |
Grantmaking and giving services | 8132 | 1.0 per 250 sf GFA |
Linen and uniform supply | 81233 | 1.0 per 350 sf GFA |
Personal and household goods repair and maintenance | 8114 | 1.0 per 350 sf GFA |
Personal care services (includes barber and beauty shops, nail salons), except for tattoo parlors and sexually oriented businesses (NAICS 812199) | 8121 | 2.5 per chair or basin |
Pet care services, except veterinary (NAICS 54194) and animal shelters and pounds (NAICS 812910) | 81291 | 1 per 1,000 GFA |
Religious organizations | 8131 | 1.0 per 350 sf GFA |
Sexually oriented businesses | 812199 | 1.0 per 350 sf GFA |
Social advocacy organizations | 8133 | 1.0 per 500 sf GFA |
Tattoo parlors | 812199 | 1.0 per 350 sf GFA |
PROFESSIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SERVICES | ||
All professional, scientific and technical services uses, including veterinary services (except photographic studios, portraits) | 54 | 1.0 per 350 sf GFA |
Photographic studios, portraits | 541921 | 1.0 per 300 sf GFA |
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION | ||
All public administration uses (except correctional institutions and fire protection) | 92 | 1.0 per 350 sf GFA |
Correctional institutions | 92214 | By administrative review |
Fire protection | 92216 | 4.0 per bay |
REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL AND LEASING | ||
Mini-warehouses and self storage units | 53113 | 1.0 per 6 storage units |
Real estate | 531 | 1.0 per 350 sf GFA |
Rental and leasing services | 532 | 1.0 per 500 sf GFA |
Video tape and disc rental | 53223 | 1.0 per 350 sf GFA |
RETAIL TRADE | ||
All retail uses, including urban mixed use buildings (except as listed below) | 44-45 | 1.0 per 350 sf GFA |
Automobile dealers | 4411 | 1.0 per 600 sf GFA |
Building material and supplies dealers | 4441 | 1.0 per 1,000 sf GFA |
Flea markets | 453310 | 1.5 per stall |
Fuel dealers | 45431 | 1.0 per 500 sf GFA |
Gasoline stations, except truck stops (NAICS 44719) | 447 | 1.0 per 600 sf GFA |
Grave stones and monuments | 45399 | 1.0 per 500 sf GFA |
Manufactured home dealers | 45393 | 1.0 per 600 sf GFA |
Motor vehicle and parts dealers | 441 | 1.0 per 600 sf GFA |
Non-store retailers | 454 | 1.0 per 500 sf GFA |
Other motor vehicle dealers | 4412 | 1.0 per 600 sf GFA |
Truck stops | 44719 | 1.0 per 500 sf GFA + 1.0 tractor trailer space per 5,000 gross site area |
TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING | ||
All transportation and warehousing uses (except postal services) | 48-49 | 1.0 per 500 sf GFA |
Postal services | 491 | l.0 per 250 sf GFA |
UTILITIES | ||
All utility uses | 22 | 1.0 per 500 sf GFA |
WHOLESALE TRADE | ||
All wholesale trade uses | 42 | 1.0 per 5,000 sf GFA |
TEMPORARY USES | ||
All temporary uses, including fairs and carnivals and temporary sales stands (except as listed below) | 454390 713990 | By administrative review |
Contractor's office and equipment shed | NA | 1 per employee, 1 per associated vehicle |
Open lot sales of Christmas trees | 454390 | 1 per 500 sq ft of display area |
Temporary office trailers | NA | 1 per employee |
(I) Design standards. Where off-street parking is required, the following design and development standards shall apply:
(1) Parking dimensions.
(a) Parking stalls. Parking stalls shall be not less than 9 feet by 19 feet, except that a maximum of 10% of the total number of stalls may be 8.5 feet by 18 feet. However, the dimensions of all parallel parking stalls shall be not less than 9 feet by 24 feet.
(b) Minimum isle width shall be as follows:
Angle of Parking | Aisle Width | |
One Way Traffic | Two Way Traffic | |
30 degrees | 13 feet | 19 feet |
45 degrees | 13 feet | 20 feet |
60 degrees | 18 feet | 22 feet |
90 degrees | 20 feet | 24 feet |
(c) No parking aisle serving the general public that contains more than ten parking spaces shall dead end. Any parking aisle that dead ends shall be provided a suitable turnaround.
(2) Construction.
(a) All off-street parking areas for ten or more vehicles shall be paved with asphalt, concrete, brick pavers, or approved pervious pavement and pavers as detailed in division (I)(2) of this section, except for areas used for overflow, special events, and peak parking, and parking areas serving single-family detached and duplex housing. However, parking designed to accommodate the regular parking of heavy construction and industrial vehicles may be allowed to pave those areas with suitable gravel. Any parking for ten or more vehicles on such site intended to park automobiles, small service vehicles, and similar passenger vehicles shall be paved.
(b) Surfaces for all driveways and off-street parking areas for less than ten vehicles may consist of asphalt, concrete, crushed stone, gravel, approved pervious pavement and pavers as detailed in division (I)(2) of this section, or other similar material approved by the Zoning Administrator, except for areas used for overflow, special events, and peak parking, and parking areas serving single-family detached and duplex housing.
(c) Parking lot construction shall be designed to minimize off-site storm water runoff.
(d) Driveways and parking areas which are required to be paved shall be paved with a minimum ten foot wide apron made of asphalt, concrete, brick pavers, or similar hard material approved by the Zoning Administrator and suitable for driveway use, which extends at least ten feet from the edge of the public street to prevent washout into the public street and to protect the edge of pavement. This standard shall not apply to single-family residential and duplex uses.
(e) Alleys shall be paved with asphalt or concrete and shall be designed and constructed to withstand regular use by heavy vehicles such as garbage trucks. All alleys paved with asphalt shall have continuous concrete edges a minimum of 12 inches in width
(f) Pedestrian crosswalks shall be incorporated into the design and construction of parking lots in all mixed use and commercial districts wherever pedestrians are likely to cross to access parking or other buildings.
(3) Low impact design required. Low impact design (LID) of all parking areas is required to control stormwater and meet the city's stormwater goal that post-construction discharge does not exceed pre-construction discharge, as reviewed and approved by the City Planner. General LID standards and requirements are detailed in § 157.194
-Low Impact Design Required and apply to all parking areas. Specific low impact design standards for parking lots are as follows:
(a) Bioretention/biofiltration swales designed within planting islands and around the perimeter shall be a minimum of ten feet in width. If curbing is not placed around the swale, stop blocks must be used for each parking space to prevent vehicles from entering the swale.
(b) Permeable pavements are permitted including interlocking paving systems and porous pavement, provided handicapped spaces and pathways are designed and installed to meet ADA requirements. Open-grid pavers may be used in peripheral and overflow parking areas.
(c) If curbing is used to provide a barrier around swales or other landscaped or natural areas designed to receive stormwater from the site regular gaps in the curbing must be provided to allow stormwater runoff to drain into these areas as planned without ponding in parking spaces or drive aisles.
(4) Separation from walkways and streets. Off-street parking spaces shall be separated from walkways, sidewalks, streets, or alleys, and required yards and buffers as provided in § 157.138
(J)-Parking Lot Landscaping. In smaller parking lots with less than ten spaces, off-street parking spaces shall be separated from walkways, sidewalks, streets, alleys, required yards and buffer areas by curbing or a landscaped buffer area per the requirements of § 157.138
(J)-Parking Lot Landscaping, as approved by the Zoning Administrator.
(5) Entrances and exits. Curbing or other approved barriers, including landscaping as provided in § 157.138
(J)-Parking Lot Landscaping, shall be provided along boundaries to control entrance and exit of vehicles or pedestrians. All off-street parking areas shall be designed so that all movement onto a public street is in a forward motion. No driveway may be located closer than 40 feet to a street intersection measured in a straight line from the closest point of the driveway to the closest point of the edge of pavement or curb line of the intersection.
(6) Onsite turnaround required. Onsite turnaround area adequate to accommodate typical passenger vehicles shall be provided for all parking spaces.
(7) Marking. Off-street parking, except for single-family detached residential use, shall be clearly marked on the ground by painted lines, curbs or other means to indicate individual spaces. Signs or markers, as approved by the Zoning Administrator, shall be used as necessary to ensure efficient and safe vehicle operation on the lot.
(8) Lighting. Adequate lighting shall be provided if off-street parking spaces are to be used at night. Equipment for lighting parking facilities shall be shielded so as to prevent sky glow and light trespass onto adjacent residential areas, public streets and rights-of-way.
(9) Landscaping. Off-street parking areas for ten or more vehicles shall be landscaped in accordance with the provisions of § 157.138
(J)-Parking Lot Landscaping.
(10) Maintenance. All off-street parking areas shall be maintained in a clean and orderly condition, removing and/or controlling dust, debris and weeds to the extent possible on a regular basis, at the expense of the owner or lessee and not used for the sale, repair, dismantling or servicing of any vehicles or equipment, except for service and auto repair stations.
(11) Circulation. All off-street parking shall be served by interior circulation drives. No private off-street parking spaces shall directly connect to public streets. This standard shall not apply to single-family detached residential, duplex, patio home and townhouse developments.
(12) Drive-thru stacking. In addition to required parking spaces, drive-thru facilities shall provide a minimum of five stacking spaces per drive-thru facility, window, or bay. Stacking spaces shall be located entirely outside of a required driveway or parking aisle needed to access required parking spaces. The following exceptions shall apply to the five stacking spaces required hereunder:
(a) Fast food restaurants shall have an additional five stacking spaces. A minimum of five of the total stacking spaces shall be located at or prior to the ordering station.
(b) Non-automated car washes shall only be required to have at least two stacking spaces per bay, one of which for each bay is located for use as a dry down area.
(c) Automated car washes shall be required to have an additional two stacking spaces per bay.
(J) Parking for the physically handicapped. Parking for the physically handicapped shall be provided per the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, as amended; and the International Building Code, as amended and adopted by the city. Each space shall be paved, prominently outlined in blue paint, and shall include appropriate signage provided per the requirements of the ADA and the International Building Code.
(K) Parking, storage, or use of campers, boats, trailers, or recreational vehicles in residential zones. One such vehicle no longer than 17 feet may be stored or parked in the front yard or side yard of a residential lot. One vehicle longer than 17 feet may be stored in the side yard provided it does not extend into the front yard. Vehicles must be parked at least five feet from adjacent side or rear property lines. A maximum of three vehicles of any size may be parked in the rear yard area unless they are stored in an enclosed building. However, any such vehicles may be parked anywhere on the lot in order to load or unload for up to 24 hours. Campers and recreational vehicles shall not be occupied or used as a dwelling.
(L) Parking, storage, or/and use of non-recreational or commercial vehicles and equipment in residential zones.
(1) All vehicles must maintain current license plates. Unlicensed vehicles shall not be stored or parked on any lot zoned for residential use, unless in completely enclosed buildings.
(2) RE, R-15, R-10, R-6, R-6S, or OI Districts:
(a) Only one commercial delivery vehicle that is less than 24 feet in length or contains fewer than three axles is allowed on a residential lot and only if parked in the rear yard area or parked within an enclosed building.
(b) Vehicles used for commercial, industrial, farm, or construction purposes are prohibited on street or highway rights-of-way, except when actively involved in pick up or delivery to the residence.
(c) Only one commercial vehicle longer than 24 feet or containing more than two axles, one construction trailer, or one piece of construction equipment is allowed on a residential lot and only if parked within an enclosed building.
(d) Cars or pick-up trucks (with or without signs) which are used for commercial purposes may be parked anywhere on a residential lot.
(e) Moving trailers, vans, or POD storage units may be placed no closer than five feet from adjoining residential property lines on a residential lot for a period not to exceed two weeks while owners are moving in or out of a residence.
(f) Dumpsters used for debris during construction or renovation of a residence may be placed no closer than five feet from adjoining residential property lines on a residential lot for a period not to exceed six months.
(g) Moving vans or trailers which are parked on a residential lot to store furniture or other personal property during the renovation of the residence may be parked or placed in the rear yard area, no closer than five feet from adjoining residential property lines on a residential lot for a period not to exceed six months. If placement of the moving van or trailer is not possible, the Zoning Administrator may approve placement in a side yard.
(M) Parking vehicles for sale. In all residential zones, only one item (motor vehicle, recreational vehicle, boat, trailer or other large item of personal property) may be offered for sale and may only be parked in the front or side yard area for a total accumulated period not exceeding 60 days per year. Such vehicles may be parked in the rear yard for an indefinite period of time. Placement of all such vehicles shall meet the requirements of divisions (K) and (L) of this section based on the type of vehicle that is for sale.
(N) Bicycle parking. Parking areas on lots adjacent to a marked bicycle route, bike lane, or shared use facility shall include a conveniently and safely located bike rack providing parking for a minimum of ten bicycles.
(Ord. 15-002, passed 2-24-15; Am. Ord. 2018-018, passed 10-9-18; Am. Ord. 2019-011, passed 5-14-19; Am. Ord. 2021-012, passed 6-22-21)