§ 194.111 RURAL PARKING AND LOADING REQUIREMENTS.

(1) To reduce traffic problems and hazards by eliminating unnecessary on-street parking and loading. Every use of land, except those located in the Rural UB District, must include on-premises parking and loading sufficient for the needs normally generated by the use, as provided by this section.

(2) Off-street parking spaces shall be used only for the parking of vehicles of occupants, patrons, visitors or employees and shall not be used for any kind of loading, sales, servicing or continuous storage of vehicles for more than 48 hours.

(3) Automotive vehicles or trailers of any type without plates in an inoperable condition so as to be deemed dead storage shall be prohibited in residential districts other than in completely enclosed buildings and shall not be parked or stored in any district unless specifically authorized under the terms of this chapter.

(4) Space allotted to loading berths and loading areas shall not be used to satisfy parking space requirements.

(B) Non-conforming parking, enlargement or alteration of existing structure.

(1) No use lawfully established prior to the effective date of this section shall be required to provide and maintain the parking and loading requirements of this section; provided that, parking and loading spaces required by any previous ordinance pursuant to state statutes shall be continued and maintained.

(2) For any non-conforming use which is hereafter damaged or partially destroyed, and which is lawfully reconstructed, re-established or repaired, parking and loading facilities equivalent to those maintained at the time of such damage or partial destruction shall be restored and continued in operation; provided, however, it is not necessary to restore or maintain parking or loading facilities in excess of those required by this chapter for equivalent new uses.

(3) When the intensity of use of any building, structure or premises shall be increased through the addition of dwelling units, floor area, beds, seating capacity or other unit of measurement, parking and loading facilities shall be provided for such increase in intensity of use.

(4) When the existing use of a building, structure or premises shall be changed or converted to a new use permitted by this chapter, parking and loading facilities shall be provided as required for the new use.

(5) Parking and loading facilities in existence on the effective date of this section shall not be reduced below or if already less than, shall not be further reduced below, the requirements for a new use under this section.

(1) Due to particularities of any given development, the inflexible application of required parking spaces may result in parking and loading spaces in excess of need. Upon the written request of the applicant, the Director may authorize a reduction of required parking spaces not to exceed 10%. Approval of reduction of required parking spaces by the Director shall be in writing and shall include justification for allowing such reduction.

(2) (a) Upon written request by the applicant, up to 25% of the dedicated parking area may remain unpaved and in greenspace until such time as the need for maximum parking is determined. This decision and determination shall be at the discretion of the Director. Such decision shall be ratified by or appealed to the town.

(b) Such greenspace shall not be counted toward required parking landscaping or bufferyards.

(D) Required parking spaces.

(1) In determination of required parking spaces, any fraction of less than one-half shall be disregarded, while a fraction one-half or greater shall be counted as one parking space.

(2) For uses not specified in this section or in the instance requirements for an adequate number of spaces is unclear, the number of spaces shall be determined by the administrative official on the basis of similar requirements, the number of persons served or employed and the capability of adequately serving the visiting public. Such determination may be reviewed by the town or appealed to the BZA.

(3) Unless noted in accordance with this section, the number of required automobile parking spaces shall be considered the minimum allowable number of spaces for any particular use.

Table 14: Parking Requirements
Use	Required Parking
Automobile sales, repair or service station	1 per 200 square feet of gross floor area, plus 1 per employee, plus 1 per 1,000 square feet of lot
Bowling alleys	4 per lane
Cemetery, crematory or mortuary	1 per 2 employees, plus 1 per 6 seats
College, university, trade or business schools	1 per 3 students and employees
Commercial facility for raising non-farm fowl and animals	1 per 3 employees, plus 1 per 125 square feet of sales area
Commercial greenhouse	1 per 3 employees, plus 1 per 125 square feet of sales area
Convalescent home	1 per 4 residents
Day care center	1 per 6 children, plus 1 per 2 employees
Elementary or junior high school	3 per classroom
Golf and country clubs	3 per golf hole
Government uses, library, information center	1 per 250 square feet
Group residential facility, nursing home	1 per 4 residents
High school	6 per classroom
Hospital	1 per 4 beds, plus 1 per doctor, plus 1 per 3 employees, plus 1 per hospital vehicle
Hotel, motel, bed and breakfast	1 per sleeping room
Industrial uses, confined feeding, slaughter house, warehouse, wholesale	1 per 2 employees
Lodge or private club	1 per 800 square feet of gross floor area
Mass transit station	1 per 2 employees, plus 1 per 4 public seats
Medical office, clinic	1 per 2 employees, plus 3 per doctor
Non-profit membership organizations, stadium, coliseum, theater	1 per 5 seats
Outdoor recreation facility	5 per acre
Residential dwellings	2 per dwelling unit
Retail trade: eating and drinking establishments	1 per 3 seats
Retail trade: general merchandise, services: general, medical and personal	1 per 200 square feet of gross floor area
Stable, public	1 per 5,000 square feet of lot area
Trailer or farm implement sales area	1 per 1,000 square feet of lot and floor area
Veterinary animal hospital, kennel	1 per 3 animal spaces (cages or pens)

(E) Joint use. Non-residential uses, within the same and/or separate structures, may provide joint parking provided the total number of spaces is not less than the sum of requirements for the various uses. To the extent that developments with joint parking operate at different times, such parking spaces may be credited to both uses.

(F) Satellite parking. Parking shall be required on site, except as provided in this section; however, the Board of Zoning Appeals the may grant satellite parking to any non-residential use by special exception. At least part of such parking must be within 300 feet of the proposed use. A site development plan must accompany any such application for special exception and must include the following:

(1) Adjacent streets, alleys and lots;

(2) All uses to be served including the location, use and number of parking spaces provided;

(3) A layout drawn to scale indicating aisles, driveways, entrances, exits, turn-off lanes, parking spaces, setbacks, drainage facilities, landscaping, lighting, pavement and identification signs including location, size and design;

(4) All satellite parking shall be developed, maintained and used in accordance with the approved site development plan and all other requirements; and

(5) Any change or other modification of uses served or number or parking spaces shall require amendment and re-approval by the BZA.

(G) Bicycle parking.

(1) Non-residential uses located in the LB, GB or PB Districts containing 30 or more automobile spaces shall provide bicycle-parking facilities at the rate of one bicycle parking space per ten parking spaces, up to a maximum of 20 bicycle parking spaces.

(2) Bicycle racks shall be installed to support the frame of the bicycle.

(H) Dimensions of parking spaces.

(1) Each parking space shall contain a rectangular area nine feet wide and 19 feet long, exclusive of pedestrian passageways, access drives, aisles, ramps or landscaped areas. Handicapped parking spaces shall conform to state and federal requirements regarding handicap accessibility.

(2) In parking areas containing ten or more parking spaces, up to 20% of the spaces may contain a rectangular area only seven and one-half feet wide and 15 feet long. Such spaces shall be conspicuously designated as reserved for small or compact cars.

(3) Parking areas set aside for parallel parking shall contain a rectangular area nine feet wide and 22 feet long.

(4) (a) Parking aisle widths shall conform to the following table:

Aisle Width
Parking angle	0 degree	30 degrees	45 degrees	60 degrees	90 degrees
One-way traffic	13’	11’	13’	18’	24’
Two-way traffic	19’	20’	21’	23’	24’

(b) Each loading space shall be of a size not less than that required for parking space, but scaled larger to delivery vehicles expected to be used.

(5) Driveways shall be a minimum ten feet for one-way traffic and 18 feet for two-way traffic; except that, a ten-foot driveway is permissible for two-way traffic when the driveway is not longer than 50 feet and provides access to a maximum of five parking spaces.

(I) General design.

(1) (a) Non-residential parking or loading areas along the street-front should be minimized. When possible, parking or loading areas should be placed to the rear of the structure. All parking or loading areas shall be designed with appropriate means of movement and shall be so arranged that movement can proceed safely without posing a danger to pedestrians or other vehicles.

(b) No parking area shall be so designed as to require backing into a public street, public or private pedestrian access way, or from a public alley.

(2) All parking or loading spaces shall be designed, arranged and regulated as to open directly upon an aisle or driveway without obstruction.

(3) All parking areas shall be striped and channelized as appropriate. Parking spaces shall be marked and access lines clearly defined, including directional arrows to guide internal movement and directional signs as necessary.

(4) All parking or loading areas shall be maintained in good condition and free of weeds, dirt, trash and debris.

(5) Parking spaces shall be provided with bumper guards or wheel stops along the perimeter of the parking area so located that no part of a parked vehicle will extend beyond the boundary of the parking area.

(6) No more than 15 parking spaces shall be permitted in a continuous row.

(7) All parking areas consisting of more than 60 spaces shall provide separate pedestrian walkways. Such walkways should generally be oriented perpendicular to and between parking bays.

(a) One walkway can serve as a collector for up to four rows of parking spaces.

(b) The walkway should be a minimum of four feet wide, allowing an additional 30 inches on each side for overhanging of vehicles.

(c) All walkways should be constructed to be clearly defined through the use of material, landscaping or other form of delineation.

(8) Any use which fronts upon and utilizes access to a primary or secondary arterial shall provide and utilize a common frontage or access lane for the purpose of access, parking and loading.

(9) Required parking spaces may be open to the sky or enclosed in a structure. Parking structures shall be treated as any major structure and shall be subject to all applicable structural requirements of this chapter and the issuance of an ILP.

(10) Parking structures shall be designed to be architecturally compatible with their surroundings, including appearance, size, scale, building materials and bulk.

(11) All parking areas shall conform to state and federal requirements regarding handicap accessibility.

(J) Surface. All parking or loading areas for five or more automobiles shall be developed in accordance with the following standards.

(1) Parking and loading areas shall be graded and surfaced with an all-weather paving material such as asphalt, concrete or other material that will provide equivalent protection against potholes, erosion and dust. However, a gravel surface may be used for a period not exceeding one year after the date of granting the occupancy permit where ground conditions are not immediately suitable for permanent surfacing as specified in this section.

(2) All areas shall be striped and channelized as appropriate.

(3) Parking stalls shall be marked and the access lines clearly defined, including directional arrows to guide internal movement.

(K) Landscaping. Parking lots should be effectively landscaped with trees and shrubs to reduce the visual impact of glare, headlights and parking lot lights from the public right-of-way and from adjoining properties. In addition, parking lots should be adequately shaded to reduce the amount of reflected heat.

(1) Perimeter bufferyard. Parking or loading areas abutting any street-front or residential use shall provide a perimeter Bufferyard C for parking and Bufferyard E for loading areas or that required for the proposed use in the bufferyard section of this chapter, whichever is greater.

(2) Interior landscaping. Interior landscaping shall be comprised of one canopy tree and three shrubs for every 15 parking spaces.

(3) Maintenance. Maintenance of landscaping for parking and loading areas shall be in accordance with the bufferyard section of this chapter.

(4) Lighting. See § 194.113.

(5) Loading and unloading. Uses, except those that do not receive or transport goods in quantity by truck delivery, shall be provided loading berths. Each loading and unloading berth must include a 12-foot by 45-foot loading space with a 14-foot height clearance. Loading and unloading berths must be a minimum distance from the nearest residential use in accordance with the following table:

Loading Berth Requirements and Distance from Rural Residential Uses
		Required Berths	Berth Distance from Residential Uses (Feet)
Airport		Same as Industrial	100
Commercial facility for breeding and raising non-farm fowl and animals		1	100
Commercial greenhouse (15,000 square feet or less)		1	50
Commercial greenhouse (more than 15,000 square feet)		2	50
Hospital (200 beds or less)		1	50
Hospital (200 to 500 beds)		2	50
Hospital (more than 500 beds)		3	50
Industrial use	Less than 15,000 square feet gross floor area		1
	15,000 to 40,000 square feet gross floor area	2
	40,000 to 100,000 square feet gross floor area	3
	Each 40,000 or additional fraction of gross floor area	1 additional
Mineral extraction, borrow pit, topsoil removal and their storage areas		Same as Industrial	300
Office building	25,000 to 100,000 square feet gross floor area	1
	100,000 to 350,000 square feet gross floor area	2
	Each 200,000 or additional fraction of gross floor area	1 additional
Outdoor commercial recreational enterprise		Same as Industrial	50
Retail or department store, wholesale storage, warehousing or other business use	3,000 to 15,000 square feet gross floor area	1
	Each 15,000 square feet or additional fraction of gross floor area	1 additional
Stadium or coliseum		2	50
Truck freight terminal		Same as Industrial	100

(6) Inspections. At the time the structure receives its final inspection, the completion of the landscaping in accordance with these requirements shall also be a part of the final inspection. However, if seasonal circumstances do not permit the planting of the required landscaping, the final inspection of the landscaping shall be performed at a reasonable, later date as determined by the Director.

(L) Bufferyards.

(1) The bufferyard is a unit of yard together with the planting thereon. Both the amount of land and the type and amount of planting specified for each bufferyard requirement are designed to minimize nuisances between adjacent land uses. The planting units required of bufferyards have been calculated to ensure that they do, in fact, function as “buffers”.

(2) Bufferyards shall be required to separate land uses from each other in order to eliminate or minimize potential nuisances such as dirt, litter, noise, glare of lights, signs, and unsightly building or parking areas, or to provide spacing to reduce adverse impacts of noise, odor or danger from fires or explosions.

(3) Proposed uses in any district that are specifically agricultural, as defined under “agriculture”, are exempt from providing bufferyards unless otherwise specified.

Existing Use	Bufferyard	Existing Use
Width	Proposed Use

Existing Use

(a) Location, maintenance, planting size and landscape plan.

1. Bufferyards shall be located on the outer perimeter of a lot or parcel, extending to the lot or parcel boundary line.

2. At the discretion of the Director, the width of the bufferyard may include all or a portion of rights-of-way, drainage easements, and utility easements, however plantings shall not be located on any portion of these areas. With this discretion, the Director must ensure that the effectiveness of the required bufferyard shall not be compromised.

3. All plant material that dies must be replaced within six months so as to maintain the approved bufferyard and landscape plan.

4. Deciduous trees are to be a minimum of two inches in diameter or eight feet tall at the time of planting. Evergreen trees shall be a minimum of five feet tall at the time of planting.

5. Any existing plant material which otherwise satisfies the requirements of this section may be counted toward satisfying all such requirements.

6. The following plant material substitutions shall satisfy the requirements of this section.

a. In all bufferyards, evergreen, canopy or evergreen understory trees may be substituted for deciduous canopy trees without limitation.

b. In all bufferyards, evergreen or conifer shrubs may be substituted for deciduous shrubs without limitation. A landscape plan shall be submitted with each applicable application. Such plan shall be a site plan drawn to scale showing the location, type, size and category of each plant unit used.

7. When it has been proven that the required plantings of a bufferyard cannot be installed because of existing easements or other unavoidable site constraints, the Director shall have the discretion to allow the substitution of alternative vegetation, provided that the total number of plantings does not decrease.

(b) Determination of bufferyard requirements.

1. To determine the type of bufferyard required between two adjacent parcels, the following procedure shall be followed:

a. Identify the zoning district of the proposed land use by referring to the horizontal column of the Table 7, Bufferyard Requirements;

b. Identify the zoning district of the adjacent parcels by referring to the vertical column of the Table 7, Bufferyard Requirements; and

c. Determine the bufferyard required on each boundary of the subject parcel by referring to the Table 7, Bufferyard Requirements, and then to the options for that bufferyard.

2. The required bufferyards constitute the total bufferyard required between the adjacent land uses. Any of the alternatives for the required bufferyard shall satisfy the requirement of buffering between adjacent land uses.

1. Bufferyard requirements are stated in terms of the width of the bufferyard and the number of plant units required per 100 linear feet of bufferyard. The requirements of a bufferyard may be satisfied by any of the alternatives illustrated. The quantity and type of plant materials required by each bufferyard are specific and identified in the Appendix (reference division (L)(3)(g) below). The specifications of each bufferyard and its alternatives are illustrated in this section. Each alternative depicts the total bufferyard located between two parcels.

2. Whenever a wall, fence or berm is required within a bufferyard, these are shown as “fence/berm” in the following table, wherein their respective specifications are also shown. Whenever a wall is required in addition to a berm, the wall shall be located between the berm and the higher intensity use, in order to provide maximum sound absorption.

3. If the development on the adjoining use is existing, planned or deed-restricted for solar access, understory trees may be substituted for canopy trees where canopy trees would destroy solar access.

4. If the development borders a jurisdictional boundary outside that of this chapter, the bufferyard used shall be based on the district most comparable to that of this chapter, at the discretion and approval of the Director.

5. The exact placement of required plants and structures shall be the decision of each user; except that, the following requirements shall be satisfied.

a. Evergreen (or conifer) plant materials shall be planted in clusters rather than singly in order to maximize their chances of survival.

b. Berms with masonry walls required of Bufferyard J and K options are intended to buffer more significant nuisances from adjacent uses and, additionally, to break up and absorb noise, which is achieved by the varied heights of plant materials between the wall and the noise source.

c. When berms with walls are required, the masonry wall shall be closer than the berm to the higher intensity use.

d. Within a bufferyard, a planting area at least five feet wide containing 15% of the total plant requirements (based on the multiplier = 1) shall be located between the masonry wall and the higher intensity class use. These plants shall be chosen to provide species and sizes to reduce noise in conjunction with the wall.

6. All bufferyard areas shall be live vegetation and seeded with lawn or prairie grasses unless such ground cover is already established.

7. Bufferyards may contain natural water amenities or areas established for drainage; provided that, planting requirements are still satisfied.

8. Where drainage and utility easements.

(d) Use of bufferyards.

1. A bufferyard may be used for passive recreation; it may contain pedestrian, bike or equestrian trails; provided that, no plant material is eliminated, the total width of the bufferyard is not reduced, and all other regulations of the ordinance are met.

2. In no event, however, shall permanent structures be permitted in bufferyards including ice-skating rinks, stables, swimming pools and tennis courts.

(e) Ownership of bufferyards. Bufferyards may remain in the ownership of the original developer of a land use, or they may be subjected to deed restrictions and subsequently be freely conveyed, or they may be transferred to any consenting grantees, such as adjoining landowners, a park or forest preserve, or an open space or conservation group; provided that, any such conveyance adequately guarantees the protection of the bufferyards for the purposes of this chapter.

(f) Excess bufferyard. Where the bufferyard required between a land use and vacant land turns out to be greater than that bufferyard which is required between the first use and the subsequently developed use, the following uses apply.

1. The subsequent use may provide one half of the buffer required. The existing use may expand its use into the original buffer area, provided that the resulting total bufferyard between the two uses meets the bufferyard requirements.

2. The existing use may enter into agreements with abutting landowners to use its existing buffer to provide some or all of the required bufferyard of both land uses. The total buffer shall equal the requirements; provided that, such an agreement can be negotiated, the initial use may provide the second use some or all of its required bufferyard and/or extra land on which it might develop. The existing use may reduce its excess buffer by transferring part or the entire excess buffer to the adjoining landowner to serve as its buffer. Any remaining excess buffer area may be used by the existing use for expansion of that use or for transfer by it to the adjoining landowner to expand that adjoining use.

(g) Bufferyard between like uses. Where a bufferyard is required in a zoning district where the proposed use is similar to existing, surrounding uses in terms of land use, size, density and lot size, the bufferyard may be waived at the discretion of the Director. Such waiver (or denial of a waiver) by the Director shall be made in writing, justifying the decision.

Rural Bufferyard Requirements

Adjacent District

District of Proposal Use

R-1

R-2

R-3

R-4, MF

I-1

I-2

A/B *

A/C *

A/E *

A/G *

A/H *

A/I *

R-1

R-2

R-3

R-4, MF

I-1

I-2

PUD

Streets

Collector (interstate or primary roadway)

Sub collector (secondary roadway)

Feeder

Access

NOTES TO TABLE:

* = In areas abutting existing residential use or agricultural use, the more restrictive bufferyard shall apply.

- = No bufferyard required.

@ = As determined by the town.

Table 15: Rural Plant Materials Recommended for Bufferyards
Scientific Name	Common Name	Soil Type			Growth Rate
Scientific Name	Common Name	Hydric	Mesic	Xeric	Fast	Slow
Canopy Trees
Acer spp.	Maple
Aesculus hippocastanum	Common Horsechestnut
Ailanthus altissima	Tree of Heaven
Betula spp.	Birch
Carya spp.	Hickory
Catalpa spp.	Northern Catalpa
Celtis occidentalis	Common Hackberry
Fagus grandifolia	American Beech
Fraxinus spp.	Ash
Ginkgo biloba	Ginkgo Tree
Gleditsia spp.	Honeylocust
Gymnocladus diocius	Kentucky Coffeetree
Juglans spp.	Walnut
Plantanus spp.	Sycamore
Populus spp.	Poplar
Prunus serotina	Black Cherry
Quercus spp.	Oak
Salix spp.	Willow
Tilia spp.	Linden
Ulmus spp.	Elm
Canopy Trees - Evergreen
Abies spp.	Fir
Juniperus spp.	Juniper
Larix spp.	Larch
Picea spp.	Spruce
Pinus spp	Pine
Thuja occidentalis	American Arborvitae
Tsuga canadensis	Canadian Hemlock
Understory Trees
Acer spp.	Maple
Aesculus glabra Ohio	Buckeye
Alnus spp.	Alder
Amelanchier spp.	Serviceberry
Betula spp.	Birch
Carpinus carolinia	American Hornbeam
Cercidiphyllum japonicum	Japanese Katsuratree
Chionanthus virginicus	White Fringetree
Cornus spp. Dogwood /	Cherry
Crataegus spp.	Hawthorn
Eleagnus spp.	Olive
Euonymus atropurpureus	Eastern Wahoo
Lindera benzoin	Spicebush
Magnolia spp.	Magnolia
Malus spp.	Crab Apple
Morus alba	White Mulberry
Ostrya Virginia	Ironwood
Prunus spp.	Plum
Pyrus spp.	Pear
Syringa japonica	Japanese Tree Lilac
Shrubs
Amorpha fruticosa	Indigo Bush
Aronia spp.	Chokeberry
Berberis thunbergi	Japanese Barberry
Calycanthos floridus	Carolina Allspice
Caragana spp.	Peashrub
Ceanothus americanus	New Jersey Tea
Celastrus scandens	American Bittersweet
Cephalanthus occidentalis	Button Bush
Chaenomeles spp.	Quince
Cornus spp.	Dogwood
Corylus americana	American Hazelnut
Cotinus coggygria	Smokebush
Cotoneaster spp.	Cotoneaster
Deutzia gracilis	Slender Deutzia
Euonymus alatus	Burning Bush
Forsythia spp.	Forsythia
Hamamelis spp.	Witchhazel
Hydrangea spp.	Hydrangea
Hypericum spp.	St. Johns Wort
Ligustrum spp.	Privit
Lonicera spp.	Honeysuckle
Myrica pennsylvanica	Northern Bayberry
Prunus spp.	Plum
Ptelea trifoliata	Hope Tree
Rhamnus frangula	Buckthorn
Rhodotypes scandens	Black Jetbead
Rhus spp.	Sumac
Ribes spp. Gooseberry	Gooseberry
Rosa spp.	Rose
Rubus spp.	Raspberry
Sambucus canadensis	Elderberry
Shepherdia canadensis	Buffaloberry
Spiraea spp.	Spirea
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus	Indian Currant
Syringa spp.	Lilac
Viburnum spp.	Viburnum
Evergreen Shrubs
Juniperus spp.	Juniper
Pinus mugo Mugo	Pine
Taxus spp.	Yew

(Ord. 2000-16, passed 8-28-2000, § 3.17; Ord. 2016-04, passed 4-5-2016)

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