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(A) The well shall be constructed so that a pump with a capacity equal to the well capacity, within the practical limits of pumps for a given diameter well, can be installed and operated without binding or without interference by contact with any part of the well.
(B) All water-bearing zones that contain polluted or nonpotable mineralized water shall be adequately cased and cemented off so that pollution of underlying or overlying water-bearing zones will not occur.
(C) Drilling fluids shall be obtained from an uncontaminated source, or shall be disinfected prior to use.
(D) Every well shall be cased with the bottom of the casing extending to a minimum depth as follows.
(1) Wells located within the area described in § 52.61 shall be cased from land surface to a depth of at least 35 feet.
(2) Wells located in any other area shall be cased from land surface to a depth of at least 20 feet.
(E) The top of the casing shall be terminated by the drilling contractor at least 12 inches above land surface.
(F) The well shall be adequately cased to prevent formation material from entering the well after the well has been developed and completed by the drilling contractor.
(G) The casing in wells constructed to obtain water from a consolidated rock formation shall be firmly seated and sealed to a depth of at least one foot below the top of the consolidated rock.
(H) The casing in wells constructed to obtain water from an unconsolidated rock formation, such as gravel, sand, or shells, shall extend at least to the top of the water-bearing formation.
(I) Except as otherwise specified in these regulations, the permanent well casing shall comply with the following:
(1) Casing weighing less than standard weight steel pipe is not recommended by the Department for water supply wells, however, steel casing of six and five-eighths inches outside diameter weighing less than standard weight steel pipe will be permitted if the following requirements are met:
(a) The owner prefers casing weighing less than standard weight steel pipe;
(b) The casing shall have a minimum weight of 13 pounds per foot when threaded and coupled;
(c) The casing shall have a minimum nominal wall thickness for a given diameter equal to that specified in § 52.64; and
(d) The casing shall meet the requirements for water well casing pipe of ASTM-A589-70 specifications.
(2) Have watertight joints that shall be electrically welded, or threaded and coupled with heavy recessed-type couplings, the coupling should cover the threads when made power tight;
(3) Be equipped with a drive shoe when the casing is seated in a consolidated rock formation and any other wells if the casing is driven. The drive shoe shall be forged, high carbon, tempered, seamless steel, and have a beveled hardened cutting edge. A drive shoe will not be required for wells in which:
(a) The cement grout surrounds and extends the entire length of the casing; and
(b) The casing is installed without interference from formational material.
(4) If galvanized, must be galvanized in compliance with the requirements of the latest revision of ASTM Specification A120.
(Ord. passed 7-23-1984)
(A) The casing in wells located within areas described in § 52.61 shall be grouted from land surface to a depth of at least 35 feet.
(B) The casing in wells in which the producing zone underlies zones containing non-potable water shall be grouted from land surface to the top of the producing zone or first impervious layer having a thickness of at least ten feet above the producing zone.
(C) The casing in all other wells shall be grouted from land surface to a minimum depth of 20 feet.
(D) The cement grout shall be placed around the casing by one of the following methods.
(1) Pressure. The annular space between the casing and formation shall be a minimum of one and one-half inches. Cement grout shall be pumped or forced under pressure through the bottom of the casing until it fills the annular area around the casing and overflows at the surface.
(2) Pumping. The annular space between the casing and formation shall be a minimum of one and one-half inches. Cement grout shall be pumped into place through a hose or pipe extended to the bottom of the annular space which can be raised as the grout is applied. The grout hose or pipe should remain submerged in grout during the entire application.
(3) Annular space. The annular space around the casing shall be a minimum of three inches, the annular space shall be completely filled with cement grout by any method that will ensure complete filling of the space, provided the annular area does not contain water. If the annular area contains water, the water shall be removed or the grout shall be placed by either the pumping or pressure methods.
(E) If an outer casing is installed, it shall be grouted by either the pumping or pressure methods.
(F) All grout mixtures shall be prepared before emplacement.
(G) The well shall be grouted within five working days after completion of drilling.
(H) The contractor will give oral notice to the Health Department of any grouting to be done. The notice shall be given in sufficient time to allow the Health Department to inspect the well before the grout is emplaced.
(Ord. passed 7-23-1984)
(A) A large diameter well cased with concrete pipe, and commonly referred to as a “bored” well, may be constructed for domestic use. However, this type of well is not recommended by the Health Department where a standard well, cased with standard weight steel pipe, is possible.
(B) If the casing joints are not sealed, the construction shall be as follows.
(1) The bore shall have a minimum diameter of six inches larger than the outside diameter of the casing.
(2) The annular space around the casing shall be filled with neat cement, sand-cement, or concrete grout to a depth of at least 20 feet below land surface.
(3) The annular space around the casing below the grout shall be filled with sand or gravel.
(4) The gravel-pack shall have a minimum thickness of at least three inches.
(5) The gravel-pack material shall be composed of quartz, granite, or similar rock material and shall be clean, rounded, uniform, water-washed, and free from clay, silt, or other deleterious material.
(6) The gravel shall be sterilized before or during the installation with a solution containing at least 100 parts per million residual chlorine, or mg/l.
(Ord. passed 7-23-1984)
(A) The well, if constructed to obtain water from an unconsolidated rock formation, shall be equipped with a screen that will adequately prevent the entrance of formation material into the well after the well has been developed and completed by the well contractor.
(B) The well screen shall:
(1) Be of a standard design and manufactured specifically for the purpose of well construction;
(2) Be of steel, brass, bronze, or plastic and shall be of a strength to withstand satisfactorily chemical and physical forces applied to it during and after installation. Plastic well screens shall:
(a) Have an accurate uniform gauge;
(b) Have a minimum wall thickness and tolerance which meets or exceeds requirements for schedule 40 thermoplastic water well casing pipe for nominal sizes three inches and smaller;
(c) Have a minimum wall thickness and tolerance which meets or exceeds requirements for SDR 17 thermoplastic water well casing for nominal sizes greater than three inches;
(d) Be constructed with keystone shaped NSF approved plastic wire or rings surrounding pipe or calibrated slots cut in pipe base;
(e) Be installed in wells without interference from formation material or other objects that may cause physical damage during emplacement; and
(f) Be approved by federal, state, and municipal agencies having requirements applicable to well construction.
(3) Be designed to permit the optimum development of the aquifer with minimum head loss consistent with the intended use of the well. The openings shall be designed to prevent clogging and shall be free of rough edges, irregularities, or other defects that may accelerate or contribute to corrosion or clogging; and
(4) Be provided with such fittings as are necessary to seal the top of the screen to the casing and to close the bottom. If the screen is installed inside the casing, a lead-packer seal or other approved device shall be used to seal the screen, or screen extension to the casing.
(Ord. passed 7-23-1984)
(A) Every well shall be properly developed by the drilling contractor.
(B) Development shall include removal of:
(1) Formation cuttings and mud from the entire depth of the well;
(2) Drilling fluids and additives; and
(3) Any formation material from the water bearing zones or other source that may enter the well as a result of pumping at a rate within the limits of the reported yield.
(Ord. passed 7-23-1984)
(A) An identification plate showing the drilling contractor and his or her registration number shall be installed on the well within 24 hours after the drilling is complete.
(B) The identification plate shall be constructed of a durable, weather-proof, rust-proof metal, or equivalent material.
(C) The identification plate shall be securely attached to the well casing or enclosure floor around the casing where it is readily visible.
(D) The identification plate shall not be removed from the well by any person.
(E) The identification tag shall be stamped with a permanent marking within 30 days after drilling is completed to show the:
(1) Total depth of well;
(2) Casing depth (feet) and inside diameter (inches);
(3) Screened intervals of screened wells;
(4) Gravel interval of gravel-packed wells;
(5) Yield or specific capacity expressed in gallons per minute (gpm), or gallons per minute per foot of draw-down (gpm/ft.-DD); and
(6) Static water level and date measured.
(Ord. passed 7-23-1984)
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