(a) General requirements.
(1) Construction standards.
a. All roadway construction and materials used shall be performed in accordance with the construction methods as listed in the appropriate sections of the “State of Wisconsin Department of Transportation Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction” and its supplements, and this chapter, whichever is more restrictive. The design requirements of this section and § 14-1-70 shall be applicable to all streets and roads that are to be dedicated to the village, regardless of whether such streets or roads are part of a new subdivision or land division.
b. Design requirements for the pavement shall be adequate for the zoning classification of the area served by the subject street. A street which divides areas with different zoning classifications shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements of the area requiring the higher quality pavement. Any variation of this must have prior approval of the Village Engineer.
c. Combination concrete curb and gutter is required on all streets (refer to the Section describing requirements for curbs and gutters). A copy of all design assumptions and computations on which the proposed design is based shall be submitted to the Village Engineer.
(2) Project costs. All roadway surveys, dedications, plans, and specifications and construction will be at the expense of the applicant or applicants. This includes any expense incurred by the village in the preparation of plans and review and inspection of plans and construction.
(3) Preliminary consultation. Prior to the design, preparation, and construction of any roadway to be dedicated to the village, the applicant shall notify the Village Engineer. An on-site meeting will then be arranged to be attended by the Village Engineer and the applicant. Plans must be provided in order for the Village Engineer to check the design and the drainage.
(4) Material slips. Copies of material slips for all materials furnished for the road construction projects shall be delivered to the village before the village approves the final construction.
(5) Required inspections.
a. Prior to the commencement of any street construction, the subdivider shall notify the Village Engineer, at least one work day in advance, as to the nature of the work being done. The Village Engineer shall be contacted for required inspections after the following phases of construction.
1. Subbase grading.
2. Crushed aggregate base course.
3. Bituminous surface course.
4. Shouldering.
b. Any deficiencies found by the Village Engineer shall be corrected before proceeding to the next phase of construction.
(6) Tests of materials. The village reserves the right to obtain a sample of the roadway base material prior to placement on the roadway for purposes of determining whether the material meets gradation and soundness requirements.
(7) Pavement samples. Samples of bituminous concrete will be taken by the village during pavement construction operations for purposes of determining that the material meets specifications.
(b) Construction standards. All streets and highways constructed in the village or to be dedicated to the village shall fully comply with the following construction standards, and shall be adequate for the zoning classification or projected use of the area served by the street.
(1) General. After completion of the underground utilities and approval thereof, the streets shall be constructed. Unless excepted, building permits shall not be issued prior to the installation of the street improvements and the approval of an individual lot grading plan that conforms to the guidelines of the Master Site Grading Plan, as determined by the Village Engineer, or his or her designee.
(2) Street rights-of-way. Streets shall have a right-of-way width as established on the official map or as designated in § 14-1-70(f), provided, however, that a greater or lesser roadway width may be required by the Village Engineer where necessary to assure uniformity along the entire length of any street.
(3) Temporary streets. Construction of temporary streets shall require authorization of the Plan Commission.
(4) Standard street improvements.
a. Standard street improvements shall include street lights, concrete curb and gutter, bituminous base course, bituminous surface course, and, when required, walkways.
b. The construction of standard street improvements can begin only when either:
1. The underground utilities were installed in the previous construction season; or
2. The construction of underground utilities included mechanical compaction and compaction tests have been approved by the Village Engineer.
c. Upon obtaining the written approval of the Village Engineer, the subdivider can proceed with the construction of the standard street improvements. Standard street improvements shall be installed to the boundary line of the subdivision unless the street culminates in a cul-de-sac, the topography, or other physical conditions make it impossible to do so, or unless this requirement is waived, in writing, by the Village Board.
(5) Roadway base standards.
a. The subdivider must bring all streets and alleys to a grade established by the Village Board. All site work by village employees in determining grade shall be billed at the village rate and paid by the owner.
b. Residential streets shall have a roadway base of six inches compacted in place crushed aggregate base course of gradation No. 2 in the top layer, and gradations No. 1 and No. 2 in the lower level.
c. On commercial, arterial, or other heavy-use streets, as determined by the Village Engineer, a base course of eight inches compacted shall be constructed upon an inspected and approved subgrade, either well-graded crushed gravel from a state-approved pit with a maximum stone of one and one-half inches, and no greater than 10% by weight passing a No. 200 sieve or No. 3 crushed rock approximately six inches in depth, and one or more layers of fine aggregate, either three-fourths inch crushed gravel, well-graded with no greater than 10% passing a No. 200 sieve, or three-fourths inch traffic-bound crushed rock.
d. In the case of commercial, arterial, or other heavy-use roads, the Village Board may, in the alternative to the above standards, have the Village Engineer provide specifications for such roads after researching the site(s) and conducting a soil analysis pursuant to subsection (c) below.
e. In any case, the Village Board shall have the sole discretion in determining the use and construction classification to be adhered to.
f. In all cases, the base course shall be compacted to the extent necessary to produce a condition so that there will be no appreciable displacement of material laterally and longitudinally under traffic, and shall conform to line, grades, and shape shown on the approved plans, profiles, and cross-sections.
g. The subdivider shall furnish drawings which indicate the proposed grades of streets shown on the plat and, after approval of those grades by the Village Engineer and adoption by the Village Board, the streets shall be graded to full width of the right-of-way of the proposed street to the subgrade elevations shown on the typical cross-section. The grading is to be completed prior to installation of utilities. All stumps and trees which cannot be saved, boulders and other similar items shall be removed by the subdivider.
(6) Roadway subgrade quality.
a. All subgrade material shall have a minimum California bearing ratio (CBR) of three. Subgrade material having a CBR less than three shall be removed and replaced with a suitable fill material, or the pavement must be designed to compensate for the soil conditions. The soil support CBR values selected for use by the designer should represent a minimum value for the soil to be used.
b. Stable and nonorganic sub-base material is required. All topsoil shall be first removed. In addition, all subsoils which have a high shrinks well potential, low-bearing capacity when wet, or are highly elastic shall be removed and used outside of the right-of-way. Where both subsoil and substratum have a high shrink-swell potential and low-bearing capacity when wet, an under drain system shall be installed to keep the water level five feet below the pavement surface. Unstable and organic material must be subcut, removed, and replaced with a suitable granular or breaker-run material approved by the Village Engineer.
(7) Roadway grading: ditches. Roads shall be graded to their full width in accordance with approved plans, plus an additional distance necessary to establish a four-to-one backslope where ditches are allowed. The roadway shall be compacted and graded to a subgrade using, where necessary, approved fill material in accordance with the State Department of Transportation standards. Roadside ditches, where allowed by the village, shall be a minimum of 26 inches below the finished roadway centerline elevation, or as approved by the Village Engineer. Debris may not be buried in the designated road right-of-way. Roadway ditches shall have a normal slope ratio of three-to-one ditch from the edge of the shoulder to the bottom of the ditch and two-to-one on the back slope.
(8) Pavement thickness.
a. Residential and rural-type roads shall have a minimum of two and one-half inches thick compacted hot-mix bituminous concrete pavement, placed in two layers: a binder course of one and one-half inches thick and a surface course of one inch.
b. On commercial, arterial, or other heavy-use roads, there shall be a minimum of three and one-half inches of bituminous concrete pavement, placed in two layers: a binder course of two inches thick and a surface course of one and one-half inches thick.
c. In the case of commercial, arterial, or other heavy-use roads, the Village Board may, in the alternative to the above standards, have the Village Engineer provide specifications for paving such roads with a greater thickness after researching the site(s) and conducting a soil analysis. In any case, the Village Board shall have the sole discretion in determining the use and construction classification to be adhered to. In no event shall paving occur later than 18 months from the village’s approval of the final or official plat. All subsequent shouldering where ditches are allowed shall be brought to even grade with bituminous mat.
(9) Shoulder width.
a. A shoulder a minimum of four feet wide on each side of the road is required where curb and gutter is not used, and wider when required by the “Town Road Standards” as noted in Wis. Stats. § 86.31.
b. Where ditches are allowed, road shoulders shall have a minimum thickness of two and one-half inches of compacted in-place crushed state-approved aggregate base course, over a minimum six inches of compacted in-place crushed state-approved aggregate base course, except that shoulder thickness shall match the thickness of the pavement, provided that there is a minimum shoulder thickness of six inches.
(10) Roadway culverts and bridges. Roadway culverts and bridges shall be constructed as directed by the Village Engineer and sized utilizing the methods listed in Chapter 13, entitled “Drainage,” of the “Facilities Development Manual” of the State Department of Transportation. All roadway culverts shall be provided with concrete or metal apron endwalls. The developer shall provide adequate facilities to provide surface water drainage as well as free flow outlets for subsurface drain tile where they are required. Where drainage facilities will aid in road construction and the stabilization of the road’s subgrade, drainage facilities shall be installed before road construction is started. Existing condition status shall be based on a maximum of a curve 70.
(11) Driveways.
a. Curbs shall not be interrupted by openings for driveways or other accessways to private property unless the number and location of such interruptions have been approved by the Village Board.
b. When allowed, curb openings for driveways within the public service area shall be no less than 14 feet nor more than 20 feet in width unless the opening is intended to afford access to a commercially zoned parcel. The width of any driveway opening intended to afford access to commercial property shall be as determined and prescribed by the Village Engineer.
c. Driveway culverts shall be sized by the Village Engineer (if appropriate). The culverts shall be placed in the ditch line at elevations that will assure proper drainage, and they shall be provided with concrete, metal or landscape timber endwalls. Driveway culverts shall be installed as prescribed in Title 6, Chapter 3 of this code of ordinances.
(12) Topsoil, grass, seed, fertilizer, and mulch. All disturbed areas (ditches, backslopes) within the road right-of-way not provided with pavement and shouldering material shall be restored utilizing four inches of topsoil and good quality grass seed, fertilizer and mulch. Ditches along the roadway shall be protected by erosion control materials such as hay bales, sod, erosion control mats, and the like.
(13) Drainage improvements. In the case of all new roads and streets, the Village Engineer may require that stormwater retention areas and storm sewers be constructed in order to provide for proper drainage.
(14) Continuity and transitions.
a. All street pavement widths on streets continued from previously developed or platted streets shall, wherever practical, provide for the greater of either the existing or required pavement type, width, grade, and cross slope.
b. Where it is necessary to provide for a transition of pavement width and/or type between new and existing streets, the transition shall occur in a safe manner at an intersection. In the event a transition in pavement width cannot safety occur at an intersection, it shall not occur closer than 250 feet to the intersection of right-of-way lines. In width transitions, the ratio of the transition length to width shall not be less than 15-to-one unless the Village Engineer determines that special circumstances prevent use of such ratio, in which case the minimum transition ratio shall be ten-to-one.
(15) Curb and gutter. Combination concrete curb and gutter is required on all streets. Refer to § 14-1-54 describing requirements for curbs and gutters.
(16) Post-construction traffic limited. No vehicular traffic shall be permitted on the pavement for a minimum period of between 24 and 72 hours following paving, as determined necessary by the Village Engineer, to protect the new pavement.
(c) Selection of alternative design. The Village Engineer shall select a pavement structure to be used after reviewing equivalent alternative pavement designs with the subdivider. The Village Engineer shall require one or more of the pavement designs of the subdivider based on the following criteria:
(1) Life cycle cost;
(2) History of similar pavements in the area;
(3) Adjacent existing pavements;
(4) Staging of construction;
(5) Construction season;
(6) Friction requirements;
(7) Depressed, surface, or elevated design;
(8) Higher governmental preference (for example, if a state highway);
(9) Stimulation of competition;
(10) Conservation of materials;
(11) Construction considerations;
(12) Recognition of local industry; and
(13) Availability of materials and methods locally.
(d) Final inspection.
(1) Upon completion of the proposed highway, the Village Engineer will proceed to make a final inspection, accepting or rejecting the street as the case may be. After all of the provisions of this chapter have been complied with, the roadway or easement will be inspected by village officials and, at that time, proof will be made by the presenting of waivers of liens or receipted bills that all work that has been done has been paid for, or arrangements have been made for the payment through written instrument by the subdivider.
(2) If the street is rejected, corrections shall be made as required by the Village Board, upon the Village Engineer’s recommendation, before final inspection can then be made again. If final acceptance is then made, the owner or owners shall turn over to the village the deed of all land necessary for the street as previously mentioned.
(Prior Code, § 14-1-71)