As used in this subchapter, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING. Lighting designed to reveal architectural beauty, shape and/or form and for which lighting for any other purpose is incidental.
ASTRONOMIC TIME SWITCH. An automatic lighting control devise that switches outdoor lighting relative to time of solar day with time of year correction.
BACKLIGHT. For an exterior light fixture, lumens emitted in the quarter sphere below horizontal and in the opposite direction of the intended orientation of the light fixture. For luminaries with symmetric distribution, backlight will be the same as front light.
BUG. A light fixture classification system that classifies backlight (B), uplight (U), and glare (G). This system is designed by the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES).
BULB. A generic term for a source of optical radiation (i.e. "light), often called a "bulb", "tube", or "lamp". Examples include incandescent, fluorescent, high intensity discharge (HID) bulbs, and low pressure sodium (LPS) bulbs, as well as light-emitting diode (LED) modules and arrays.
CANOPY (IN REGARDS TO LIGHTING). A covered, unconditioned (no heat or air conditioning) structure with at least one side open for pedestrian and/or vehicular access.
COMMON OUTDOOR AREAS. One or more of the following: a parking lot; a parking structure, or covered vehicular area, a common entrance or public space shared by all occupants of the domiciles.
EMERGENCY CONDITIONS. Generally, lighting that is only energized during an emergency; lighting fed from a backup power source; or lighting for illuminating the path of egress solely during a fire or other emergency situation; or lighting for security purposes used solely during an alarm.
FOOTCANDLE. The unit of measure expressing the quantity of light received on a surface. One
footcandle is the illuminance produced by a candle on a surface one foot square from a distance of one foot. One footcandle is equivalent to approximately 10.76 Lux.
FORWARD LIGHT. For exterior light fixture, lumens emitted in the quarter sphere below horizontal an in the direction of the intended orientation of the light fixture.
FULLY SHIELDED LIGHT FIXTURE. A light fixture constructed and installed in such a manner that all light emitted by the light fixture, either directly from the bulb or a diffusing element, or indirectly by reflection or refraction from any part of the light fixture, is projected below the horizontal plane through the light fixture's lowest light emitting part.
GLARE. Lighting entering the eye directly from light fixtures or indirectly from reflective surfaces that causes visual discomfort or reduced visibility.
HARDSCAPE. Permanent hardscape improvements to the site including parking lots, drives, entrances, curbs, ramps, stairs, steps, medians, walkways, and non-vegetated landscaping that is ten feet or less in width.
HARDSCAPE AREA. The area measured in square feet of all hardscape. It is used to calculate the total site lumen limit.
HARDSCAPE PERIMETER. The perimeter measured in linear feet used to calculate the total site lumen limit.
LANDSCAPE LIGHTING. Lighting of trees, shrubs, or other plant material as well as ponds and other landscape features.
LED. Light Emitting Diode.
LIGHT POLLUTION. Any adverse effect of artificial light including but not limited to glare, light trespass, sky-glow, energy waste, compromised safety and security, and impacts on the nocturnal environment.
LIGHT TRESPASS. Light that falls beyond the property it is intended to illuminate.
LIGHTING. "Electric" or "man-made" or "artificial" light. See LIGHTING EQUIPMENT.
LIGHTING EQUIPMENT. Equipment specifically intended to provide gas or electric illumination,
including but not limited to bulb(s), light fixture(s), ballast(s), poles, posts, lens(es), and related structures, electrical wiring, and other necessary or auxiliary components.
LIGHT FIXTURE. The complete lighting unit (fixture), consisting of a bulb, or bulbs and ballast(s) (when applicable), together with the parts designed to distribute the light (reflector lens, diffuser) to position and protect the bulb(s), and to connect the light fixture to the power source.
LIGHT FIXTURE LUMENS. For light fixtures with relative photometry per IES, it is calculated as the sum of the initial bulb lumens for all bulbs within an individual light fixture, multiplied by the light fixture efficiency. If the light fixture efficiency is not known for a residential light fixture, it is assumed at 70%. For light fixtures with absolute photometry per IES LM-79, it is the total light fixture lumens. The lumen rating of a light fixture assumes the bulb or light fixture is new and has not depreciated in light output.
LIGHTING ZONE. An overlay system based on zoning classifications that establish legal limits for lighting for particular parcels, areas, or districts in a community.
LOW VOLTAGE LANDSCAPE LIGHTING. Landscape lighting powered at less than 15 volts and limited to luminaries having an initial light fixture lumen output of 525 lumens or less.
LUMEN. The measure used to quantify the amount of light produced by a bulb or emitted from a light fixture (as distinct from "watt", a measure of power consumption).
LUX. The SI unit of illuminance. One lux is one lumen per square meter. One lux is a unit of incident illuminance approximately equal to one-tenth of a footcandle.
MOUNTING HEIGHT. The height of the photometric center of a light fixture above grade level.
NADIR. The direction directly below an object. In terms of light fixtures it is the area pointing directly below the fixture to the ground.
NEW LIGHTING. Lighting for areas not previously illuminated; newly installed lighting of any type except for replacement lighting or lighting repairs.
ORNAMENTAL LIGHTING. Lighting that does not impact the function and safety of an area but is purely decorative, or used to illuminate architecture and/or landscaping, and installed for aesthetic effect.
OUTDOOR LIGHTING. Lighting equipment installed within the property line and outside of building envelopes, whether attached to poles, building, structures, the earth, or any other location; and any associated lighting control equipment.
OUTDOOR SALES FRONTAGE. The portion of the perimeter of an outdoor sales area immediately adjacent to a street, road, or public sidewalk.
PARTLY SHIELDED LIGHT FIXTURE. A light fixture with opaque top and translucent or perforated sides, designed to emit most light downward.
PHOTOELECTRIC SWITCH. A control device employing a photocell or photodiode to detect daylight and automatically switch lights off when sufficient daylight is available.
REPLACEMENT LIGHTING. Lighting installed to specifically replace existing lighting that is sufficiently broken to be beyond repair.
SEASONAL LIGHTING. Temporary lighting installed and operated in connection with holidays or traditions.
SEMI-CUTOFF LIGHT FIXTURE. Light fixture designed to allow light intensity at or above 90° (horizontal) no more than 5% of lamp lumens and no more than 20% at or above 80°.
SHIELDED DIRECTIONAL LIGHT FIXTURE. A light fixture that includes an adjustable mounting device allowing aiming in a direction and contains a shield, louver, or baffle to reduce direct view of the bulb.
SKY-GLOW. The brightening of the nighttime sky that results from scattering and reflection of artificial light by moisture and dust particles in the atmosphere. Sky-glow is caused by light directed or reflected upwards or sideways and reduces one's ability to view the night sky.
TEMPORARY LIGHTING. Lighting installed and operated for periods not to exceed 60 days, removed and not operated again for at least 30 days.
TIME SWITCH. An automatic lighting control device that switches lights according to time of day.
TRANSLUCENT. Allowing light to pass through, diffusing it so that objects beyond cannot be seen clearly (not transparent or clear).
UNSHIELDED LIGHT FIXTURE. A light fixture capable of emitting light in any direction including downwards.
UPLIGHT. For an exterior light fixture, light radiated in the hemisphere at or above the horizontal plane.