For the purpose of this chapter, the following definitions shall apply unless the context clearly indicates or requires a different meaning.
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE. Any substance defined as a CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE pursuant to the Controlled Substance Act of the State of Michigan, being M.C.L.A. §§ 333.7101 et seq., as amended.
DRUG PARAPHERNALIA. All equipment, products and materials of any kind which are used, intended for use or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance in violation of state or local law. It includes, but is not limited to:
(1) Blenders, bowls, containers, spoons and mixing devices used, intended for use, or designed for use in compounding controlled substances;
(2) Capsules, balloons, envelopes and other containers used, intended for use, or designed for use in packaging small quantities of controlled substances;
(3) Containers and other objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in storing or concealing controlled substances;
(4) Dilutants and adulterants, such as quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose and lactose, used, intended for use, or designed for use in cutting controlled substances;
(5) Isomerization devices used, intended for use, or designed for use in increasing the potency of any species of plant which is a controlled substance;
(6) Kits used, intended for use, or designed for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, or preparing controlled substances;
(7) Kits used, intended for use, or designated for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing or harvesting any species of plant which is a controlled substance or from which a controlled substance can be derived;
(8) Objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in ingesting, inhaling or otherwise introducing marijuana, cocaine, hashish or hashish oil into the human body, such as:
(a) Air-driven pipes;
(b) Bongs;
(c) Carburetion tubes and devices;
(d) Carburetor pipes;
(e) Chamber pipes;
(f) Chilliums;
(g) Electric pipes;
(h) Ice pipes or chillers;
(i) Metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic or ceramic pipes, with or without screens, permanent screens, hashish heads or punctured metal bowls;
(j) Miniature cocaine spoons and cocaine vials;
(k) Roach clips, meaning objects used to hold burning materials, such as marijuana cigarettes, that have become too small or too short to be held in the hand;
(1) Smoking and carburetion masks; and
(m) Water pipes;
(9) Scales and balances used, intended for use, or designed for use in weighing or measuring controlled substances;
(10) Separation gins and sifters used, intended for use, or designed for use in removing twigs and seeds from, or otherwise cleaning or refining, marijuana; and
(11) Testing equipment used, intended for use, or designed for use in identifying or in analyzing the strength, effectiveness or purity of controlled substances.
In determining whether an object is
DRUG PARAPHERNALIA, a court or other authority shall consider, in addition to all other logically relevant factors, the following:
(1) Statements by an owner or by anyone in control of the object concerning its use;
(2) Prior convictions, if any, of an owner or of anyone in control of the object, under any state or federal law relating to controlled substances;
(3) The proximity of the object, in time and space, to a direct violation of state law;
(4) The existence of any residue of controlled substances on the object;
(5) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the intent of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, to deliver it to persons whom he or she knows intends to use the object to facilitate a violation of state or local law. The innocence of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, as to a direct violation of state law, shall not prevent a finding that the object is intended for use or designed for use as drug paraphernalia;
(6) Instruction, oral or written, provided with the object concerning its use;
(7) Descriptive materials accompanying the object which explain or depict its use;
(8) National and local advertising concerning its use;
(9) The manner in which the object is displayed for sale;
(10) Whether the owner or anyone in control of the object is a legitimate supplier of like or related items to the community, such as a licensed distributor of or dealer in tobacco products;
(11) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio of sales of the object to the total sales of the business enterprise;
(12) The existence and scope of legitimate uses for the object in the community; and
(13) Expert testimony concerning its use.
(Ord. 484, passed 6-26-2000)