For the purposes of this chapter the following definitions are applied herein.
(a) (1) Avenue (AV): a thoroughfare of high vehicular capacity and low to moderate speed, acting as a short distance connector between urban centers, and usually equipped with a landscaped median.
(b) (1) Bicycle Lane (BL): a dedicated lane for cycling within a moderate-speed vehicular thoroughfare, demarcated by striping.
(2) Bicycle Route (BR): a thoroughfare suitable for the shared use of bicycles and automobiles moving at low speeds.
(3) Bicycle Trail (BT): a bicycle way running independently of a vehicular thoroughfare.
(4) Bioswale: an extended rain garden that may run the length of the block.
(5) Block Face: the aggregate of all the building façades on one side of a block.
(6) Boulevard (BV): a thoroughfare designed for high vehicular capacity and moderate speed, traversing an urbanized area. Boulevards are usually equipped with slip roads buffering sidewalks and buildings.
(7) Buffer: Areas between parcels, lots, or different zoning districts set aside to mitigate visual, light or noise nuisances. May be an earthen berm or any natural material like trees or shrubs or otherwise mandated by this document or the various jurisdictions.
(8) Building Line: A line defining the minimum front, side, and rear yard requirement.
(9) Bus Rapid Transit: A rubber tire system with its own right-of-way or dedicated lane along at least 70% of its route providing transit service that is faster than a regular bus.
(c) (1) Civic: The term defining not-for-profit organizations dedicated to art, culture, education, recreation, Government, transit, or municipal parking.
(2) Civic Building: A building operated by not-for-profit organizations dedicated to art, culture, education, recreation, government, transit, or municipal parking.
(3) Civic Parking Reserve: Parking structure or parking lot within a quarter-mile of the site that it serves.
(4) Civic Space: An outdoor area dedicated for public use.
(5) Civic Zone: Designation for public sites dedicated for civic buildings and civic space.
(6) Common Yard: A planted private frontage wherein the façade is set back from the frontage line. It is visually continuous with adjacent yards.
(7) Configuration: The form of a building based on its massing, private frontage, and height.
(8) Corridor: A lineal geographic system incorporating transportation and/or greenway trajectories.
(9) Covenant: A legally binding written promise or pledge.
(10) Cross Access: A service drive providing vehicular access between two or more contiguous sites so the driver need not enter the public street system.
(d) (1) Deed Restriction: A legal restriction on the use of land contained in the deed to the property.
(2) Density: The number of dwelling units within a standard measure of land area.
(3) Density, Gross: The number of dwelling units per acre of the total land to be developed, including public ways and open space.
(4) Density, Net: The number of dwelling units per acre of land when the acreage involved includes only the land devoted to residential uses.
(5) Development Standards: Standards controlling the size of structures and the relationships of structures and uses to each other and to open spaces and lot lines. Development standards include but are not limited to regulations controlling maximum height, minimum lot area, minimum lot frontage, minimum size of yards and setbacks, maximum lot coverage, and maximum density.
(6) Disposition: The placement of a building on its lot.
(e) (1) Earth Berm: A low, usually linear mound of earth covered with grass or other landscape materials used to define, screen, protect, and/or enhance the appearance of a particular space or area of land.
(2) Effective Parking: The amount of parking required for Mixed Use after adjustment by the shared parking factor.
(3) Elevation: An exterior wall of a building not along a frontage line.
(f) (1) Final Plan: A completed and full set of plans, drawings, data, and any and all other materials needed to evaluate and review a subdivision's conformance with local subdivision regulations and which follow the approved preliminary plan as well as conformance with other applicable regulations.
(2) Frontage Road: A public or private drive, which generally parallels a public street between the right-of-way and the front setback line. The frontage road provides access to private properties while separating them from the arterial street (see also Service Roads).
(g) (1) Green: A civic space type for unstructured recreation spatially defined by landscaping rather than building frontages.
(2) Green Roof: A roof partially or completely covered with vegetation and soil, or a growing medium planted over a waterproofing membrane. (Syn: eco-roof, living roof).
(3) Greenway: An open space corridor in largely natural conditions, which may include trails for bicycles and pedestrians.
(h) (1) Highway: A rural and suburban thoroughfare of high vehicular speed and capacity. This type is allocated to the more rural transect zones (T-1, T-2, and T-3).
(2) Highway, Limited Access: A public freeway or expressway designed for through traffic and to which abutting properties have no legal right to direct access.
(3) Homeowner's Association: A private association, partnership, LLC, or any legal entity of homeowners established by a developer with local government approval, whose purpose it is to own, operate, and maintain various common properties, including but not limited to open space, private streets, and recreation facilities.
(i) (1) Infill: New development on land that had been previously developed.
(j) (1) Joint Access (or Shared Access): A driveway connecting two or more contiguous sites to the public street system.
(l) (1) Landscaping: Landscaping shall consist of any of the following or combination thereof: materials such as but not limited to grass, hardy ground covers, shrubs, vines, hedges, and trees; and non-living durable material commonly utilized in landscaping, such as but not limited to rocks, pebbles, sand, walls, and fences, but not including paving as a principal design element.
(2) Large-scare development: A development composed of more than 10 acres of gross project site plan land area.
(3) Layer: A range of depth of a lot within which certain elements are permitted.
(4) Lot cluster: Any single lot or a group of adjacent lots having a single uninterrupted project site plan perimeter boundary enclosing all of the lots.
(5) Lot Coverage: A measure of intensity of land use that represents the portion of a site that is impervious (i.e., does not absorb water). This portion includes but is not limited to all areas covered by buildings, parking structures, driveways, roads, sidewalks, and any paved areas.
(m) (1) Main Civic Space: The primary outdoor gathering place for a community. The Main Civic Space is often, but not always associated with an important civic building.
(2) Mixed Use: Multiple functions within the same building through superimposition or adjacency, or in multiple buildings by adjacency, or at a specified proximity.
(3) Multi Modal Transportation: Transportation, which includes at least two modes of transport, such as shipping by rail and by sea.
(n) (1) Net Acreage (Aka Net Lot Area): Net acreage is contiguous lot area which does not include: area in the existing or proposed public or private right-of-way, any area unacceptable for septic system installation, any area within a retention/detention basin, any area contained within a permanent body of water, or any area within an existing or proposed easement except those easement areas parallel and within ten (10) feet of the lot lines.
(p) (1) Park: A civic space type that is a natural preserve available for unstructured recreation.
(2) Pedestrian-orientated space or feature: An area adjacent to a connecting building or walkway developed to provide continuous safety, interest, and comfort for people walking or sitting. This may include site design features such as a bench, light pole, trash can, and/or landscape areas on one or both sides.
(3) Pedestrian walkway: Clearly defined, visible and/or identifiable pedestrian connections provided between parking lots, street sidewalks, open spaces, community facilities and buildings.
Pedestrian walkways shall be:
a. Clearly defined, visible and identifiable
b. Minimum width of a hard surfaced walkway shall be at least five feet.
(4) Preliminary Plan: A Preliminary Master Development Plan as defined in Chapter 1140.
(5) Planned Development (PD): An area zoned under Chapter 1140.
(6) Planter: The element of the public frontage, which accommodates street trees or other plants whether continuous or individual.
(7) Plaza: A civic space paved and spatially defined by building frontages.
(8) Project site plan: A plan showing uses and structures proposed for a parcel of land.
(9) Project site plan land area: Any quantity of land capable of being described with such definiteness that its location and boundaries may be established and which is designated by its owner or developer as land to be used or developed as a unit or which has been used or developed as a unit.
(r) (1) Rain Garden: Sunken garden using native or a combination of plants.
(2) Record Plan: A drawing or set of drawings of an approved final subdivision prepared for appropriate signatures and recording in the County Recorder's office and for distribution to applicable agencies.
(3) Rear Alley (RA): A vehicular way located to the rear of lots providing access to service areas, parking, and outbuildings and/or containing utility easements. Rear alleys are paved from building face to building face, with drainage by inverted crown at the center or with roll curbs at the edges.
(4) Rear Lane (RL): A vehicular way located to the rear of lots providing access to service areas, parking, and outbuildings and/or containing utility easements. Rear lanes are paved lightly to driveway standards and have a streetscape which consists of gravel or landscaped edges, has no raised curb, and is drained by percolation.
(5) Road (RD): A local, rural and suburban thoroughfare of low-to-moderate vehicular speed and capacity.
This type is allocated to the more rural Transect Zones (T1-T3).
(s) (1) Scenic: An area presenting a view of natural and man-made elements of the visual environment with the characteristics of offering strikingly distinct and a pleasing and memorable visual experience.
(2) Service Road: A public or private street or road, auxiliary to a main thoroughfare that maintains local road continuity and provides access to parcels adjacent to the limited access highway.
(3) Shared Parking Factor: An accounting for parking spaces that are available to more than one function.
(4) Small-scale development: A development composed of 10 acres or less of gross project site plan land area.
(5) Square: A civic space designed for unstructured recreation and civic purposes spatially defined by building frontages and consisting of pedestrian walkways, lawns and trees.
(6) Story: A habitable level within a building, excluding an attic or raised basement.
(7) Streetscape: The appearance or view of a street.
(8) Street screen: A freestanding wall or organic screen built along the frontage line, or coplanar with the façade.
(t) (1) T-Zone: Transect Zone.
(2) Thoroughfare: A way consisting of vehicular lanes for use by vehicular and pedestrian traffic and to provide access to lots and open spaces.
(3) Traffic Calming: The combination of physical measures that reduce the negative effects of motor vehicle use, alter driver behavior and improve conditions for non-motorized street users.
(4) Transect: An area containing a range of different development types. Transects define the physical form and character of a place, according to the density and intensity of its land use and urbanism.
(v) (1) Vernacular: Architecture that draws more on traditional forms and func-tionalism, rather than on design principles or ornamentation of high-style architecture. Vernacular style features are defined in this Chapter as follows (see terminology graphics 8 through 11) :
A. RICHARDSONIAN ROMANESQUE: A building of Romanesque style is a masonry structure, typically with rough-cut stonework.
i. Distinguishing characteristics include:
a. Required
1. Polychromatic (exhibit a variety of colors) through the use of contrasting colors of stone
2. Rough-cut stone or brick walls
b. Recommended
1. Hipped Roof
2. Roof with cross gables
3. Tower - rounded with cone-shaped roofs
4. Wide rounded arches - low, broad "Roman" arches over arcades and doorways
5. Recessed windows - patterned masonry arches over windows
6. Columns and pilasters with spirals and leaf designs
7. Stone banding
B. TUDOR REVIVAL: A building of Tudor Revival style is easily identified by its characteristic half-timbering, a decorative treatment that appears to expose structural elements.
i. Distinguishing characteristics include:
a. Required
1. Half-timbering - the spaces between the timbers are nogged (filled in) with stone or brick and usually stuccoed, but sometimes left exposed
2. Exterior must be a combination of brick, rubble stone, and half-timbering
b. Recommended
1. Steeply pitched roofs with intersecting gables
2. Dormer windows
3. Roof with cross gables
4. Casement windows (hinged at the sides to open outward)
5. Double hung windows are multi-paned
6. Slate or terra cotta tile roofs
7. Massive, decorative brick chimneys
C. NEOCLASSICAL REVIVAL: Neoclassical Revival style is a bold, monumental style that relies on classical design elements.
i. Distinguishing characteristics include:
a. Required
1. Use of columns, pilasters, pediments and cornices
2. Constructed of all masonry
b. Recommended
1. Cornice with dentils
2. A pediment
3. A portico with colossal Corinthian topped columns
4. Palladian-style windows
5. Keystones at the top of the arches
6. Balustrade on the roof
7. Brackets and fanlight over the main front door
D. RENAISSANCE REVIVAL:
i. Distinguishing characteristics include:
a. Required
1. Smooth stone cube-like fronts
2. Doors are centrally located and symmetry predominates
3. Constructed of all masonry
b. Recommended
1. Low-pitched hip roofs are sometimes accented with balustrades (railings) above full entablatures (decorative horizontal bands) at the roofline
2. Carved stone window trim often varies in design from floor to floor
3. Quoins (vertical rows of brick or stone defining the corners of buildings) and horizontal banding between floors
4. Arched openings supported by columns
5. Full entablatures between floors
6. Balconies
7. First floors of rusticated stone (stone with beveled edges, causing joints between stones to be deeply recessed)