(a) Purpose. These off-street parking standards and requirements are established to promote the safety and orderly growth and development of the community. They are also intended to relieve congestion so streets and highways can be used in part to convey the movement of vehicles and so that the demands of new development will not adversely affect adjacent land uses and surrounding neighborhoods.
(b) Applicability. No building shall be erected or altered and no land used unless adequate off-street parking is provided for the needs of users, tenants, personnel and patrons.
(c) Off-Street Parking Required: For all land uses, there shall be provided outside the public right-of-way the minimum number of parking spaces required herein. All parking lots shall be designed in compliance with Chapter 1279 of the Planning and Zoning Code.
(d) Off-Street Parking Lot and Access Drive Requirements.
(1) Surface of parking lots and drives. All off-street parking areas and any other vehicle maneuvering area shall be hard-surfaced with concrete, asphalt, pavers, or another durable, dustless material acceptable to the City Engineer. Material such as limestone and gravel are prohibited. No parking shall be permitted in any non-paved area such as a yard or landscaped area.
(2) Maintenance of parking lots. The grade and durability of the parking lot must be maintained, and damage such as potholes and large cracks must be repaired to the satisfaction of the City Engineer.
(3) Lighting of parking lots. Any lighting used to illuminate an off-street parking lot shall comply with Chapter 1273 of the Planning and Zoning Code.
(4) Screening and landscaping of off-street parking lots. Off-street parking lots for more than 10 vehicles shall meet the screening and landscaping requirements of Chapter 1280.
(5) Minimum parking stall and aisle design and dimensions. Each off-street parking space stall and aisle shall meet the minimum dimensions identified in Table 10 and Figure 7 in this section. Access drives and circulation aisles not adjacent to parking stalls shall be a minimum of 22 feet wide excluding curb and gutter.
Table 10. Minimum Parking Stall and Aisle Design and Dimensions
Legend | Parking Dimensions | |||||
Angle ( in degrees) | A | 0° | 30° | 45° | 60° | 90° |
Stall Width | SW | 8' | 9' | 9' | 9' | 9' |
Stall Length | SL | 24' | 18' | 18' | 18' | 18' |
Stall Length Perpendicular to Aisle | SP | 8' | 17' | 19' | 20' | 18' |
Aisle Width, One Way | AW1 | 12' | 12' | 12' | 18' | 24' |
Aisle Width, Two Way | AW2 | 20' | 20' | 20' | 22' | 24' |
Total Width, One Stall, One-Way Aisle | TW1 | 20' | 29' | 31' | 38' | 42' |
Total Width, Two Stalls, One-Way Aisle | TW2 | 28' | 46' | 50' | 58' | 60' |
Total Width, One Stall, Two-Way Aisle | TW3 | 28' | 37' | 39' | 42' | 42' |
Total Width, Two Stalls, Two-Way Aisle | TW4 | 36' | 54' | 58' | 62' | 60'
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Note: All figures are measured in feet unless otherwise noted Legend references Figure 7 below.
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Figure 7. Minimum Design Standards for Off-Street Parking Lots
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(6) Access. Each off-street parking space shall have vehicular access to a street, alley or other legal right-of-way. Access drives shall comply with visibility at intersection standards contained in the Planning and Zoning Code.
(7) Parking lot location. For non-residential zoning districts-including non- residential uses in an O-R, Office-Residential Zoning District-no part of any parking lot or circulation aisle shall be closer than 20feet to any dwelling, school, hospital or other institution for human care or habitation located on an adjacent zoning lot, unless screened according to the landscaping provisions of these regulations. In no case shall any part of a parking lot or circulation aisle be closer than 9feet to any established street or alley right-of-way or property line. However, the approving authority may lower this setback requirement in the Central Business District.
(8) Barrier Free space requirements. All off-street parking lots shall be designed to meet minimum standards established in the Americans with Disabilities Act or amendments thereto and the ICC/ANSI A117.1 of the International Code Council, as amended (see Table 11 below).
Table 11. Barrier Free Spaces Required
Total Spaces in Parking Lot | Total Accessible Spaces Required (96" wide access aisle) | Van Accessible Spaces Required (including both 60" and 96" aisles) |
1 to 25 | 1 | 1 |
26 to 50 | 2 | 1 |
51 to 75 | 3 | 1 |
76 to 100 | 4 | 1 |
101 to 150 | 5 | 1 |
151 to 200 | 6 | 1 |
201 to 300 | 7 | 1 |
301 to 400 | 8 | 1 |
401 to 500 | 9 | 2 |
501 to 1,000 | 2% of total parking provided in lot | 1/8 of total accessible spaces required |
1,001 and over | 20 plus 1 space for each 100 over 1,000 | 1/8 of total accessible spaces required |
Footnote to Table 11: The number of van accessible spaces are part of, and not in addition to, the total number of accessible spaces required.
(9) Pedestrian Circulation. Parking and loading areas, maneuvering lanes and curb cuts shall be designed to cause no interference with safe and convenient movement of automobile and pedestrian traffic on and adjacent to a site. Parking lots shall also conform to the following to ensure safe pedestrian movement within and adjacent to parking areas:
A. Separation. The parking lot layout shall accommodate direct and continuous pedestrian circulation, clearly divided from vehicular areas.
B. Crosswalks. Where pedestrian crosswalks are proposed or required, the crosswalks shall be distinguished by textured paving, pavement striping or raised or table striping, and integrated into the sidewalk network.
C. Pavement Markings. Pavement markings such as directional arrows on and flush with the pavement shall be provided, as approved by the City Engineer.
D. Traffic Control Signs. Traffic control signs including but not limited to stop, yield or pedestrian crossing signs shall be provided.
E. Ohio Building Codes and ADA Considerations. All parking and loading areas shall conform to applicable sections of the Ohio Building Codes and 2010 (or hereafter amended) Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Standards for Accessible Design.
(e) Number of Parking Spaces Required.
(1) Units of measure and means of off-street parking requirement calculation. In computing the requirement for off-street parking spaces, the following units of measure shall be uses:
A. Whenever the number of off-street parking spaces required is determined by gross square feet of floor area, it shall be measured from the exterior surface of exterior walls or from the center line of walls separating buildings.
B. In the case of benches, pews and similar seating accommodations, each 18 inches thereof shall be counted as 1 seat for the purpose of determining the parking requirements.
C. Where fractional spaces result, the parking spaces required shall be construed to be the nearest whole number.
D. In the case of mixed-use sites or shopping centers, the parking spaces required shall be 5 parking spaces per 1,000 square feet.
E. Parking spaces designated for use by vehicle fleets shall not be credited to the parking requirement.
F. The maximum occupancy of a use shall be determined by the Building Inspector or Fire Inspector.
(2) Minimum off-street parking space requirements for specific land uses. The minimum number of off-street parking spaces required shall be calculated using Table 12in this section:
Table 12. Minimum Parking Requirements
USE | MINIMUM REQUIRED OFF-STREET PARKING SPACES |
AGRICULTURAL USES | |
Default Parking Requirement* | No minimum parking requirement |
Retail sales associated with an animal or agricultural use | 1 space per 400 square feet of retail sales area |
RESIDENTIAL USES | |
Default Parking Requirement* | 2 spaces per dwelling unit |
Dwelling Unit in Mixed Use Building | 0.9 spaces per bedroom |
Multiple Family or Single Family Attached | 2.2 spaces per unit |
COMMUNITY, CIVIC AND INSTITUTION USES | |
Default Parking Requirement* | 1 space per 3 persons permitted at maximum occupancy |
Human Care Institution Hospital or Medical Clinic | 1 space per 0.5 residents or beds + 1 space per employee at maximum shift |
COMMERCIAL, OFFICE AND SERVICE USES | |
Default Parking Requirement* | 1 space per 400 square feet of building floor area |
Bar, Restaurant or Tavern | 1 space per 2.25 persons permitted at maximum occupancy |
Bed and Breakfast | 1 space per guest room + 2 spaces for owner-operator |
Child Day Care Center | 0.25 spaces per resident or client at maximum occupancy |
Lodging Uses | 1 space per room |
Office, professional | 1 space per 300 square feet of floor area |
Office, medical | 1 space per 200 square feet of floor area |
Places of Worship/Places of Assembly | 1 space per 5 persons permitted at maximum occupancy |
Public or Self-Storage | Outdoor access: 3 spaces Indoor access: 1 space per 50 leasable storage units |
Recreation, Private Indoor | 1 space per 3 persons permitted at maximum occupancy |
Recreation, Private Outdoor | 1 space per 3 persons permitted at maximum occupancy |
Vehicle or Mechanical Equipment Service | 1 space per employee present at maximum shift + 3 spaces for each enclosed garage or bay area. |
INDUSTRIAL AND EXTRACTION USES | |
Default Parking Requirement* | 1 space per 750 square feet of shop floor or manufacturing floor area + 1 space per 300 square feet of office area |
Warehousing/Distribution | 1 space per 350 square feet of office area + 1 space per employee at maximum shift |
ACCESSORY AND TEMPORARY USES | |
Default Parking Requirement* | No minimum parking requirement |
Drive-in or drive-through facility stacking spaces | • 2 entry + 1 exit space per self-service car wash • 8 entry + 1 exit space per automatic car wash • 3 stacking spaces per general use service windows or station • 8 stacking spaces per restaurant service window |
* The default parking standard applies to any use not specifically listed in the above table | |
(3) Minimum off-street parking requirements for other land uses. The minimum off-street parking space requirement for land uses not specifically identified in the table above shall be the same as the minimum off-street requirement for a use of a similar nature or as determined by the Director of Planning using references such as the Institute of Transportation Engineers "Parking Generation," 3rd edition or its successor publication.
(4) Maximum off-street parking requirement. The maximum off-street parking requirement shall be 150 percent of the minimum identified in the table above. The provision of parking over the minimum requirement shall only be permitted when accompanied by an increased amount of landscaping as required as defined in the Landscaping chapter. The maximum parking requirement shall not apply to changes in use that require less parking, provided no changes are proposed to the parking lot.
(f) Bicycle Parking: Bicycle parking spaces are required for all uses that generate an off-street parking requirement of 25 spaces or greater. One bicycle space shall be provided for every 25 required vehicle parking spaces or fraction thereof. For every 10 bicycle parking spaces provided, the number of vehicular parking spaces may be reduced by 1 space. For all multi-family residential uses half of all spaces shall be covered. Shelters, bicycle lockers, or other methods of protecting the parked bicycles are encouraged. Bicycle parking spaces may be located anywhere on the site, including inside the building, and need not be located within the boundaries of the vehicle parking lot, but shall be located proximate to building entrances. Bicycle parking siting and design shall be consistent with Bicycle Parking Guidelines published by the Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle Professionals.
(g) Other Provisions.
(1) Allowance for Shared Parking. The Planning Commission may accept a site plan that satisfies the off-street parking requirements by use of off- site shared parking with the City or another nonresidential user. In determining whether to accept the proposed site plan, the Planning Commission may consider the proximity and accessibility of the off-site location to the proposed development site, the hours of operation of both users, the number of spaces available and required for each business and the compatibility of uses. A legal agreement by the applicable parties for shared parking must be reviewed by the City Law Director, approved by the Planning Commission, and recorded by the City.
(2) Reduction of off-street parking requirements in certain circumstances.
A. On-Street Parking: Excluding parking for residential uses, the parking requirement for uses where on-street parking is provided on adjacent rights-of-way, may be reduced to 50 percent of the minimum requirement identified in Table 12 above.
B. More Appropriate Parking Standard for Land Use. The Director of Planning may require fewer parking spaces upon making a determination that the use can be adequately serviced by fewer parking spaces.
(Ord. 0-15-4. Passed 2-19-15.)