(a) Cast-Iron Water Pipe and Fittings.
(1) All water pipe and fittings shall be of a pattern and character approved and adopted by the Departments of Water and Heat of the City of Cleveland and must be of a superior quality of iron, tough and even grain, free from cracks, sand holes or defects of any nature.
(2) All pit-cast pipes shall be manufactured in all respects in accordance with, and shall meet the requirements of, the latest "Standard Specifications for Cast-Iron Pipe and Special Fittings", as adopted by the American Water Works Association, which specifications unless hereinafter modified are made a part of these specifications.
(3) All pit-cast pipes and fittings shall be of the size and classes noted on the respective contract drawings.
(4) In lieu of pit-cast pipe above, the owner will be permitted to furnish centrifugal cast pipe. The metal shall have a modulus of rupture of not less than 18,000 pounds and a tensile strength of not less than 40,000 pounds and shall be for Class 200 or 250 pipe. Pipe may be furnished in twelve, sixteen or eighteen-foot lengths.
(5) All cast-iron pipe and fittings, unless otherwise shown or required, shall have mechanical type joints similar to the U. S. Joint, American Cast Iron Pipe Company, Doublex Simplex Joint, Clow National "C. N. " Joints, or equal. Lugged pipe shall be used where "tied distances" are shown on the alignment drawings. High Strength Cast Iron Tee Head Bolts, Hex Nuts and Glands shall be furnished and used in these joints. The cast-iron bolts shall have a minimum tensile strength of 50,000 pounds per square inch.
(6) Gaskets shall be of rubber with a duck tip or other equally effective protection against uneven distortion of the gasket.
(7) All specials, valves, hydrants and other accessories shall have bell and spigot caulked lead joints.
(8) Where fittings are shown which are not covered by the above specifications they, in such particulars as are lacking thereon, shall conform to the dimensions and otherwise meet the specifications for the respective type which are carried in the latest revisions to the latest edition of the "Handbook of Cast Iron Pipe Research Association" or which are otherwise shown on the contract drawings.
(9) In case centrifugal pipe is used, the owner shall provide for the proper type bells and spigots to secure standard joints of the same depth and thickness as provided by the standard pit-cast pipe.
(10) Wherever changes in line and grades of the main as shown on the drawings are not standard fitting deflections, the owner will be permitted to submit details using combinations of standard fittings and small deflections (not to exceed a maximum of one-half inch joint opening) in the adjoining lengths
of pipe. Pipe to be installed with air-cocks or drains shall be cast with bosses thereon, and drilled and tapped for two-inch connections, and plugged in the shop with cast iron threaded plugs, before shipment.
(11) Closure pieces shall be accurately measured and cut in the field and installed using solid type long pattern sleeves as shown or as required.
(12) Tests, inspection, reports and analyses of tests of samples for all materials shall be furnished by The City of Cleveland Department of Water and Heat. The owner shall furnish the Engineer with a list of inspected and numbered pipe and fittings.
(b) Special Castings.
(1) Weight. No special castings shall be accepted, the weight of which shall be less than Class "D", standard weight, as adopted by the Cleveland Water Department, by more than ten percent.
(2) Payments. All castings, upon which a price is not fixed by this contract, shall be paid for at the contract price per pound. The contract price for special castings shall be additional to the measurement of pipe line, which measurement shall be continuous and inclusive of all special castings on such line.
(c) Coating; Applications. All water pipe and special castings, after thorough cleaning, shall be coated inside and outside with a suitable asphaltum or other approved impervious preparation applied at a temperature of 300 degrees Fahrenheit. The pipe shall be handled in such a manner that a minimum amount of damage to the coating will result. All cast iron pipe or fittings, the coating of which has been damaged in shipping or handling, shall have the damaged portion well cleaned and painted with three field coats of Inertel 50 or Bitumestic 50 or equivalent before being placed in the work. The owner shall thoroughly coat all exposed parts of nuts and bolts, as above specified, after the pipe has been laid and before backfilling has been placed. All field coating shall be furnished by the owner.
(d) Alignment and Grade.
(1) General. All water pipe shall be laid and maintained to the required lines and grade, with fittings, valves and hydrants at the required locations, with the joints centered and spigots home and with all valve and hydrant stems plumb. All necessary lines and grades shall be given to the owner by the Engineer within a reasonable time after notice by the owner of the time and place he intends to work. All stakes, once set by the Engineer, must be protected by the owner and if it is necessary to reset and regrade any stakes which have been disturbed, the owner must pay to the Engineer all such costs.
(2) Subsurface explorations. The owner, at his own expense, shall determine the location of existing subsurface structures within the limits of the water trench by such explorations and excavations as may be necessary after he has made an examination of all available records.
(3) Grade bars and depth of cover. The owner shall furnish all material and labor to set grade bars every fifty feet. Every pipe shall be laid at each end to line and grade indicated by a line drawn between the grade bars. Unless otherwise indicated on the plan, all water pipe shall be laid to a depth of six feet measured from the established street grade or the surface of the permanent improvement to the top of the pipe.
(e) Excavation and Preparation of Trench.
(1) Width. The minimum width of unsheeted trench shall be eighteen inches and, for water pipe ten inches or larger, at least one foot greater than the diameter of the pipe. The maximum clear width of trench shall be not more than two feet greater than the diameter of the pipe except by consent of the Engineer.
(2) Pipe foundation. Unless otherwise specified, the trench shall have a flat bottom conforming to grade so that the barrel of pipe shall have full bearing throughout its length. If subgrade is soft and cannot support the pipe, the objectionable subgrade material shall be removed and replaced with suitable fine earth or bank sand thoroughly compacted.
(3) Pipe clearance in rock. Ledge rock, boulders, large stones and shale shall be removed to a clearance of at least six inches below all parts of the pipe, valves or fittings and to a clear width of six inches on each side of all pipe and appurtenances. Excavations below subgrade shall be refilled to subgrade with fine earth or bank sand thoroughly compacted.
(4) Blasting procedure. Blasting for excavation will be permitted only after securing the written approval from the Police Chief of the City who shall fix the time during which blasting may be done and what protective measures must be used to insure safety to adjacent property. The owner shall be responsible for any damage resulting from blasting. The owner's method of procedure relative to blasting shall conform to State laws and to local City ordinances.
(5) Bell holes required. Bell holes of ample dimensions shall be dug in earth trenches at each joint to permit the jointing to be made properly. Adequate clearance for properly jointing pipe in rock or shale trenches shall be provided at bell holes.
(6) Braced and sheeted trenches. Wherever necessary to prevent caving, excavations in sand, gravel, sandy soil or other unstable material shall be adequately sheeted and braced. Where sheeting and bracing are used, the trench width shall be increased accordingly. Trench sheeting shall remain in place until the pipe has been laid, tested for defects and repaired, if necessary, and the earth around it compacted to a depth of one foot over the top of the pipe. Sheeting left in the trench by order of the Engineer will be paid for at price bid per 1,000 (M) feet.
(7) Drainage. The owner shall, when ordered by the Inspector, construct tight bulkheads across the trench and provide pumps suitable for the removal of any water which may be encountered or which may accumulate in the trenches. In no case shall trench water be permitted to rise upon or flow through the water main.
(8) Existing water courses. The owner shall, at his own expense, provide for the protection and securing of a continuous flow in any open water courses, ditches or pipes encountered during the progress of the work and shall repair any damage that may be done by reason of them.
(9) Road surfaces, curbing, driveways and sidewalks. The owner shall remove all pavements, road surfaces, curbing, driveways and sidewalks within the line of excavation. The owner shall make all cuts by channeling machine, hand-operated pneumatic tools or by such other methods as will furnish a clean cut in the pavement and base without undue shattering. All concrete curbing, driveways or sidewalks within the lines of excavation shall be broken at the owner's expense and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the City in which the work is done. The use of a "pear" or weight dropped on the pavement for breaking will not be allowed except by written permission of the Engineer.
(10) Excavating by machine or by hand. The use of excavating machinery will be permitted except in places where operation of the same will cause damage to trees, buildings or existing structures above or below ground; in which case hand methods shall be employed. All work must be done in open trench. No tunneling, boring or forcing will be allowed without special permit. The excavated material must be so piled as to not endanger the work, obstruct driveways and sidewalks nor interfere with proper drainage.
(11) Barricades, guards and safety provisions. In order to protect persons and property, adequate barricades, construction signs, torches, red lanterns and guards as required, shall be placed and maintained during progress of construction work and until it is safe for traffic to use the trenched highway. The work shall be conducted so that the least interference with traffic will result. Suitable bridges shall be provided over open trenches at street intersections and driveways.
(12) Operating valves. The operation of all gate valves on existing mains for making connections, tests or for any other cause shall be done by the City in which the work is located or by the Water Department of the City of Cleveland. The owner shall give sufficient notice to the City or to the Division of Water so that the work may be done with the minimum of inconvenience to the public and delay to the owner. All consumers affected by such operation shall be notified by the owner at least one hour before the operation and advised of the probable time when the service will be restored.
(f) Laying Cast Iron Pipe.
(1) General. The owner shall provide proper implements, tools and facilities for the safe and convenient prosecution of the work. All pipe and fittings shall be carefully lowered into the trench by means of derricks, ropes or other suitable equipment so as to prevent damage to the pipe, fittings or the coating. Before lowering and while suspended the pipe shall be inspected for defects and rung with a light hammer to detect cracks. Any defective, damaged or unsound pipe and fittings shall be rejected and replaced with a sound pipe or fitting in a satisfactory manner by the owner at his own expense. All dirt or foreign matter shall be removed from pipe before being lowered into the trench and shall be kept clean during and after laying.
(2) Laying the pipe. The spigot shall be centered in the bell, the pipe shoved into position and brought into true alignment, secured there with earth tamped around the pipe except at the bell holes. Bells shall face the direction of laying, however, on appreciable grades, they shall face uphill. Where necessary to deflect pipe from a straight line, either vertical or horizontal, the degree of deflection shall be approved by the Engineer. Whenever it is necessary to cut the pipe, this shall be done in a neat and workmanlike manner without damage to the pipe, leaving the end smooth and at right angles to the axis of the pipe. No payment will be made for the portion of the pipe cut off and not used in the line. At times when the pipe laying is not in progress, the open ends shall be closed by approved means and no trench water shall be permitted to enter the pipe.
(g) Lead Joints.
(1) General. Before laying the pipes, all lumps, blisters and excess coating material shall be removed from both bell and spigot ends, wire brushed and wiped clean and dry. Sterilized yarning material, as above specified handled to avoid contamination, shall be applied dry and firmly pressed into the joint. The yarning material shall be long enough to reach entirely around the pipe with ends overlapping not less than two inches. The ends shall meet on opposite sides of the pipe and not on the top or bottom. If necessary, successive strands of yarding material shall be driven home separately, thoroughly packed and hammered into the joint.
(2) Depth of jointing material. For lead joints, a space of not less than two and one-half inches in depth shall be left in the bell in a pipe of twenty inches or less. Lead joints in sleeves shall be cast solid to the full length of the sleeve.
(3) Specifications for lead. Lead shall be used for caulking purposes and shall contain not less than 99.73 percent pure lead. Impurities shall not exceed the following limits:
Impurities | Percent |
Arsenic, antimony, tin (together) | 0.015 |
Copper | 0.08 |
Zinc | 0.002 |
Iron | 0.002 |
Bismuth | 0.25 |
The producer's name or identifying mark shall be cast or stamped on each piece of lead.
(4) Proper heat for lead. Lead shall be heated in a melting pot kept near the joint to be poured, brought to a proper temperature such that when stirred it will show a rapid change of color and that when poured into the joint space it will insure a perfect joint. Before pouring the lead, all scum shall be removed.
(5) Position of joint runner. The joint runner shall fit snugly against the face of the bell and the outside of the pipe and shall be dammed with clay at the pouring gate to provide for filling the joint even with the top of the bell.
(6) Caulking lead joints. Each joint shall be made with one pour, filling the joint space. After cooling to the temperature of the pipe, lead joints shall be caulked by means of pneumatic or hand tools, by competent workmen, until thoroughly compacted, making watertight joints without overstraining the bells.
(h) Line Valves.
(1) Type and fittings. Line valves shall be set at points indicated on plans. All valves shall be of a pattern approved and adopted by the Water Department of the City of Cleveland, and fitted with boxes having square caps marked "Water Valve" and set to the established grade of the street. No. 2 bases will be required for all valve boxes ranging from four inches to eight inches. No. 3 bases must be used on boxes ranging from ten to sixteen inches.
(2) Setting valves, valve boxes, fittings and blow-offs. Gate valves and pipe fittings shall be set by the owner and jointed to new pipe as heretofore specified. Cast iron valve boxes shall be firmly supported and maintained centered and plumb over the wrench nut of the gate valve with the box cover flush with the surface of the finished pavement or such other level as directed. All geared valves and such other valves as may be designated on contract drawings shall be set in masonry valve vaults with the wrench nuts readily accessible for operation through the manhole opening. Vaults shall be constructed in a manner that will permit minor valve repairs and afford protection to the pipe from impact where it passes through the pit walls.
(i) Hydrants.
(1) General. The four-inch or six-inch hydrants shall be City of Cleveland standard and shall conform to the City's specifications on file in Room 605 Auditorium Garage Building, Cleveland 14, Ohio.
(2) Location. When placed behind the curb, the center of the hydrant barrel shall be at least three feet from the gutter face of the curb. When set in lawn space, between the curb and sidewalk, or between the sidewalk and property line, there shall be a clearance of at least six inches between the sidewalk and any portion of the hydrant or nozzle cap.
(3) Position of nozzles. All hydrants shall stand plumb with the nozzle pointing toward the curb and at an angle of forty five degrees therefrom. Where the hydrant branch piping is parallel with, or not at right angles to the curb, the owner shall release the swivel head bolts and adjust the hydrant nozzles to face the curb at a proper angle. Hydrants shall be set to conform with the established grade with the top of the frost casing at least four inches above grade.
(4) Connection to main. Each hydrant shall be connected to the main pipe with a cast iron branch controlled by an independent gate valve of the same size as the hydrant. Drainage shall be provided at the base of each hydrant by filling around the elbow with coarse gravel or crushed stone to at least six inches above the waste opening. Wherever hydrants are set in rock, clay or other impervious soil, the trench shall be widened and deepened on each side of the hydrant base and this space filled compactly with coarse gravel or broken stone mixed with coarse sand of sufficient quantity to absorb all water to be drained from the hydrant when the valve is closed. Each hydrant shall be set on a stone slab or similar foundation and the base of the hydrant well braced against unexcavated earth at the end of the trench with stone slabs or concrete backing, or it shall be tied to the pipe with suitable rods or clamps as directed by the Engineer. Hydrants shall be thoroughly cleaned of dirt or foreign matter before setting. All hydrants must conform with specifications of the Cleveland Water Department and are subject to its detailed test and inspection.
(j) Plugging Dead Ends. Standard plugs shall be inserted into the bell ends of pipes, tees, crosses and caps jointed to spigot ends of pipes and fittings in the manner specified above and secured with clamps where directed by the Engineer.
(k) Connections to Existing Mains. Wherever new mains are to be interconnected with existing mains, the owner shall remove plugs, caps from outlet fittings or ends of existing distribution mains, and where necessary cut out a portion of the existing main for such purpose. The owner shall install all pipe required to complete the connection to the new main and to restore service in the existing main. Where the connection is to be by means of a pressure tap, branch sleeve and valve, the owner shall do all necessary excavation and backfilling and arrange with and pay the Water Department of the City of Cleveland for all necessary labor and material to make such a connection. The price bid by the owner shall include all such costs.
(l) Anchorage of Bends, Tees and Plugs. Reaction or thrust backing shall be applied on all pipe lines eight inches or larger in diameter at all tees, plugs, caps and at bends deflecting twenty-two and one-half degrees or more, and movement prevented by attaching suitable steel rods or clamps as directed by the Engineer. Reaction or thrust backing shall be of Class "A" concrete and be placed between solid ground and the fitting to be anchored. The area of bearing on pipe and on ground in each instance shall be that required by the Engineer. All such costs shall be included in the price bid for a special or fitting.
(m) Hydrostatic Tests.
(1) General. After the pipe has been laid complete with all fittings and specials properly caulked and before backfilling is placed around the joints, it shall be subjected to a hydrostatic test pressure of at least seventy-five pounds per square inch above normal operating pressure but not less than 100 pounds per square inch. This test shall continue for at least thirty minutes and be maintained until a thorough examination of all joints has been made.
(2) Procedure. Each valved or otherwise isolated section of pipe shall be slowly filled with water and the specified test pressure, measured at the point of lowest elevation, shall be applied by means of a pump connected to the pipe in such a manner satisfactory to the Engineer. The tests shall be made by an inspector from the Cleveland Water Department which shall supply the gauges and meters. The pump, pipe connection and all other apparatus shall be furnished by the owner. All air shall be expelled from the pipe before applying test pressure.
(3) Examination Under Pressure. During the test all pipe, fittings, specials and joints shall be carefully examined. Any joints showing leakage shall be recaulked until tight. Cracked or defective pipe, fittings or specials discovered in consequence of this test shall be removed and replaced with sound material and the test repeated until satisfactory to both the inspector from the Cleveland Water Department and the Engineer.
(4) Draining main after testing. After a section of pipe has been tested satisfactorily, the owner shall drain the same. In cold weather, immediately after testing a section of pipe, the owner shall open all valves, air-cocks, by-passes and drain bonnets of all valves and take all other precautions necessary to prevent freezing.
(n) Preliminary Flushing; Procedure. Before being placed in service, all dirt and foreign matter shall be removed from the new water main or extensions to existing mains by a thorough flushing through the hydrants or by other approved means. Each valved section of newly laid pipe shall be flushed independently. This shall be done after the pressure test and may be done before or after the trench has been backfilled.
(o) Chlorination.
(1) General. Following preliminary flushing, the newly laid water pipe shall be chlorinated. The processes of chlorinating, the method of procedure, the chlorinating agent and the rate of application shall be determined by the Cleveland Water Department. The owner shall pay to the Division of Water of the City of Cleveland for chlorination or sampling of the water the rate of five cents (5¢) per linear foot for the first thousand feet, and three cents (3¢ ) per foot thereafter of the water main proper, with a minimum charge of twenty-five dollars ($25.00). The owner shall furnish the necessary labor for excavating and backfilling which will be required for the installation of taps for injecting the chlorine solution operating pumps and flushing mains.
(2) Final flushing and testing. Following chlorination, all treated water shall be thoroughly flushed from the newly laid pipe at its extremities until the replacement water throughout its length shall, upon test both chemically and bacteriologically, be proven equal to the water quality served the public from the existing water supply system. All costs for chlorination and flushing of mains shall be at the expense of the owner.
(p) Curb Connections.
(1) General. In such locations as may be indicated by the Engineer, the owner shall excavate for house connection between the water main and a point three three feet beyond the curb line. The connection shall be standard extra heavy lead pipe or copper pipe conforming in all respects to the specifications and requirements of the Cleveland Water Department and of the size indicated on the plan or bid blank.
(2) Tapping. The owner shall arrange with the Water Department of the City of Cleveland to make the pressure tap, install the corporation cock and furnish any other material which the Department elects to supply. The connection shall be blocked up with stone, brick or concrete to insure a firm support for such coupling and resist all settlements in backfilling. The blocking shall be held firmly in place by fine dry earth firmly tamped around it. Where excavation is in sand, clay or light earth, the water curb connection must be laid in a trench separate from any sewer lines. In rock or shale the water curb connection may be laid in the same trench which contains the sewer pipe providing the trench is of sufficient width and an eight-inch shelf is provided on which to lay the connection. At the curb end of the connection, a shut-off valve shall be connected, mounted on a blocking of stone, brick or concrete to resist settlement and with the curb box mounted and maintained plumb over the gate valve nut, with the top of box at the finished grade of lawn space.
(q) Backfilling.
(1) Exempt of backfill. The backfill includes all backfilling, ramming, puddling or rolling as required, the regrading of adjacent disturbed areas, the replacing of drains and other surface and subsurface structures, the placing and maintaining of temporary sidewalks and driveways, furnishing of suitable backfill material if necessary, reseeding lawns and replacing of trees and shrubbery damaged by the owner and all appurtenant work incidental thereto.
(2) Backfill material. Backfill may be made from excavated material from the trench if the same is satisfactory to the Engineer. Only fine dry earth or bank sand shall be used under, around and to a depth of at least two feet above any pipe, fitting, special or curb connection. No slag, ashes, rubbish, broken concrete, stones larger than three inches in greatest dimension or other deleterious or objectionable material may be used in backfill. No backfill shall be done during freezing weather except by permission of the Engineer and no backfill shall be made when the material already in the trench is frozen nor shall frozen material be used in backfill.
(3) Sand backfill. Where ordered by the Engineer the excavated material shall be removed from the site of work and bank sand, containing not more than ten percent by weight of loam or clay and free from all deleterious or objectionable material used. If required, this sand backfill shall be thoroughly compacted by mechanical tamping in layers of not more than six inches or by flooding as may be directed by Engineer. Sand for backfill, if ordered, will be paid for at the contract price set forth in the proposal.
(r) Additional Concrete. Whenever, in the opinion of the Engineer, additional concrete is required over and above that required by the plans or specified elsewhere herein, he may order the owner to install or place additional concrete and when so ordered the same shall be placed and paid for under the item "additional concrete".
(s) Clearing Street and Repairs.
(1) General. Upon completion of backfilling, or at such other time as ordered by the Engineer, the owner shall remove from the site of the work all surplus material, tools, equipment and construction sheds. All surplus excavated material shall be removed and deposited upon lands abutting the improvement if such fill is requested by the property owner. If no filling of abutting property is desired, the owner shall dispose of such surplus wherever he can arrange for rights to fill. The surface of the street shall be left smooth.
(2) Repairs. The owner, at his own expense, shall repair any and all damage he has caused to the street or adjoining property and shall save free and harmless the principal in this contract from all suits for damages to persons or property arising from or caused by this construction.
(t) Restoration of Sidewalks, Curbing and Paving. All pavements, road surfaces, sidewalks, driveways or curbs which the owner is required to replace shall, at the expiration of the period of maintenance, be replaced in the same manner as the original installation or as specified by the Engineer and the cost of such replacement shall be borne by the owner, unless otherwise specified.
(u) Final Repairs. Four months after the final measurements have been taken, the Engineer shall make an examination of all surfaces where water mains have been constructed and shall note any depressions due to breakage, settlements, washouts or other causes that may be attributed to the construction of water mains. Upon written order from the Engineer, the owner shall again go over the work and repair breaks, refill depressions, remove any surplus that has previously been left upon the trenches or make other repairs or replacements which are necessary to place all the work in a first class condition.
(v) Special Requirements.
(1) Protection of underground and surface structures. Unless otherwise specified or shown on the plans, the owner shall, at his own expense, support, protect, maintain and, if necessary, repair or replace to the complete satisfaction of the owners thereof, all underground and surface utility structures, drains, sewers, culverts, water pipes and other such obstructions encountered in the progress of the work which cross the sewer trench or which run parallel with and outside the limits of the sewer trench as described in Section 1103.07
(c). Such responsibility on the part of the owner shall be in effect whether or not such obstructions are shown on the plans. Unless otherwise specified, all underground utility structures, drains, sewers, culverts, water pipes and other such obstructions which run substantially parallel with the sewer trench and which are encountered within the limits of the sewer trench and which are not shown on the plans shall be replaced or repaired by the owner at the expense of the owners thereof at prices to be agreed upon in writing by the Engineer and owner.
(2) Care of work. The work must be prosecuted and material placed in such a manner as to offer the least possible obstruction to traffic. All pipe lines shall be securely plugged at the close of each day's work to avoid any earth, rock or refuse entering the pipe.
(3) Conformance with regulations. The owner shall conform to all rules and regulations pertaining to laying and care of water pipes as adopted by Council and the Water and Heat Departments of the City of Cleveland. The work will be subject at all times to inspection by such Water Department and the inspector.
(4) Time. The owner shall proceed with the construction of the water main as soon as practicable and shall proceed with the time specified in this contract.
(5) Use of Main. The City authorities shall have the right to connect, or to grant permits to connect houses with the water main, as soon as such main shall have been laid and given the initial test. The granting of such permits for the use of mains shall not be construed as an acceptance of the work nor shall the owner be allowed special compensation for connections made with such mains or for other use of the mains by the City or authorized individuals before final acceptance of the work.
(Ord. 538-55. Passed 4-4-55 )