(A) Purpose.
(1) To reduce traffic problems and hazards by eliminating unnecessary on-street parking and loading. Every use of land except those located in the TWN Zoning District must include on-premises parking and loading sufficient for the needs normally generated by the use, as provided by this section.
(2) Off-street parking spaces shall be used only for the parking of vehicles of occupants, patrons, visitors, or employees and shall not be used for any kind of loading, sales, servicing, or continuous storage of vehicles for more than 48 hours.
(3) Automotive vehicles or trailers of any type without plates in an inoperable condition so as to be deemed dead storage shall be prohibited in residential districts other than in completely enclosed buildings and shall not be parked or stored in any district unless specifically authorized under the terms of this chapter.
(4) Space allotted to loading berths and loading areas shall not be used to satisfy parking space requirements.
(5) A property owner shall not have more than two vehicles in their yard for sale at any time without being labeled as an automobile sales business.
(B) General design.
(1) Non-residential parking or loading areas along the street-front should be minimized. When possible, parking or loading areas should be placed to the rear of the structure. All parking or loading areas shall be designed with appropriate means of movement and shall be so arranged that movement can proceed safely without posing a danger to pedestrians or other vehicles. No parking area shall be so designed as to require backing into a public street, public or private pedestrian access way, or from a public alley.
(2) All parking or loading spaces shall be designed, arranged and regulated as to open directly upon an aisle or driveway without obstruction.
(3) All parking areas shall be striped and channelized as appropriate. Parking spaces shall be marked and access lines clearly defined, including directional arrows to guide internal movement and directional signs as necessary.
(4) All parking or loading areas shall be maintained in good condition and free of weeds, dirt, trash, and debris.
(5) Parking spaces shall be provided with bumper guards or wheel stops along the perimeter of the parking area so located that no part of a parked vehicle will extend beyond the boundary of the parking area.
(6) No more than 15 parking spaces shall be permitted in a continuous row.
(7) All parking areas consisting of more than 60 spaces shall provide separate pedestrian walkways. Such walkways should generally be oriented perpendicular to and between parking bays.
(a) One walkway can serve as a collector for up to four rows of parking spaces.
(b) The walkway should be a minimum of four feet wide, allowing an additional 30 inches on each side for overhanging of vehicles.
(c) All walkways should be constructed to be clearly defined through the use of material, landscaping or other form of delineation.
(8) Any use which fronts upon and utilizes access to a primary or secondary arterial shall provide and utilize a common frontage or access lane for the purpose of access, parking and loading.
(9) Required parking spaces may be open to the sky or enclosed in a structure. Parking structures shall be treated as any major structure and shall be subject to all applicable structural requirements of this chapter and the issuance of an ILP.
(10) Parking structures shall be designed to be architecturally compatible with their surroundings, including appearance, size, scale, building materials, and bulk.
(11) All parking areas shall conform to state and federal requirements regarding handicap accessibility.
(12) A plan review shall be required for all parking areas.
(C) Design flexibility.
(1) Due to particularities of any given development, the inflexible application of required parking spaces may result in parking and loading spaces in excess of need. Upon the written request of the applicant, the Administrator may authorize a reduction of required parking spaces not to exceed 10%. Approval of reduction of required parking spaces by the Administrator shall be in writing and shall include justification for allowing such reduction.
(2) Upon written request by the applicant, up to 25% of the dedicated parking area may remain unpaved and in greenspace until such time as the need for maximum parking is determined. This decision and determination shall be at the discretion of the Administrator. Such decision shall be ratified by or appealed to the PPC. Such greenspace shall not be counted toward required landscaping or bufferyards.
(D) Required parking spaces.
(1) In determination of required parking spaces, any fraction of less than one-half shall be disregarded, while a fraction one-half or greater shall be counted as one parking space.
(2) For uses not specified in this section or in the instance requirements for an adequate number of spaces is unclear, the number of spaces shall be determined by the Administrator on the basis of similar requirements, the number of persons served or employed and the capability of adequately serving the visiting public. Such determination may be reviewed by the PPC or appealed to the BZA.
(3) Unless noted in accordance with this section, the number of required automobile parking spaces shall be considered the minimum allowable number of spaces for any particular use.
(4) Table 4: Parking Requirements.
TABLE 4. PARKING REQUIREMENTS
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TABLE 4. PARKING REQUIREMENTS
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Education | |
College & Universities Trade or Business School | 1 per 3 students and employees |
Elementary & Secondary Schools | 3 per classroom |
High School | 6 per classroom |
Libraries & Information Centers | 1 per 250 sq. ft. |
Government | |
Municipal or Government Buildings | 1 per 250 sq. ft. |
Industrial Uses | |
Commercial Facility for Breeding Non-farm Fowl Commercial Facility for Breeding Non-farm Animals | 1 per 3 employees, plus 1 per 125 sq. ft. of sales area |
Industry, General Confined Feeding Slaughter House Warehouse (General) Warehouse (Grain Storage) Wholesale Business Wholesale Produce Terminal Non-industrial Farm, Agricultural, Animal Related Uses Commercial Greenhouse | 1 per 2 employees |
Commercial Greenhouse | 1 per 3 employees, plus 1 per 125 sq. ft. of sales area |
Veterinary Animal Hospital | 1 per 3 animal spaces (cages or pens) |
Non-Profit Membership Organizations | |
Non-profit Membership Organizations | 1 per 5 seats |
Recreation, Amusement, Tourism | |
Bowling Alleys | 4 per lane |
Golf & Country Clubs | 3 per golf hole |
Bed and Breakfast Hotel or Motel | 1 per sleeping room |
Lodge or Private Club | 1 per 800 sq. ft. of gross floor area |
Motion Picture Theater Stadium, Coliseum Theater, Outdoor | 1 per 5 seats |
Outdoor Recreation Facility | 5 per acre |
Stable, Public | 1 per 5,000 sq. ft. of lot area |
Residential | |
Day Care Center | 1 per 6 children, plus 1 per 2 employees |
Group Residential Facility Nursing Home | 1 per 4 residents |
Dwelling - Single-family Dwelling - Multi-family | 2 per dwelling unit |
Government | |
Municipal or Government Buildings | 1 per 250 sq. ft. |
Retail Trade - Food Stores | |
Cafeteria, Restaurant Candy, Nut & Confectionary Carry Out Restaurant Dairy Products, Health Foods Dinner Theater Drive-In Restaurant Fruits & Vegetables Grocery, Bakery, Meat & Fish Night Club Tavern | 1 per 3 seats |
Antique Store Apparel Shop, Shoes, Custom Tailoring Bait Sales Bicycle Shops Boat Sales Book & Stationary Store Camera & Photographic Supply China, Glassware, Metalware Department Store Drapery, Curtain & Upholstery Drug Store Electrical Supply Store Farm & Garden Supply Farm Implements & Equipment Sales Floor Coverings Florists, Furriers Gift, Novelty & Souvenir Shops area Hardware or Variety Store Hobby, Toy & Game Shops Household Appliances, Furniture Jewelry Store Liquor Store Lumber & Building Materials Dealer Monument Sales Music & Video Stores News Dealers Paint, Glass & Wallpaper Store Pet Shops Plumbing, Heating & Air Conditioning Dealer Shopping Center Sporting Goods Studio Business Tobacco Stores | 1 per 200 sq. ft. of gross floor |
Farm implements and equipment sales | 1 per 1,000 sq. ft. of lot and floor area |
Services - Medical | |
Convalescent Homes | 1 per 4 residents |
Hospitals | 1 per 4 beds, plus 1 per doctor, plus 1 per 3 employees, plus 1 per hospital vehicle |
Clinic Medical Office | 1 per 2 employees, plus 3 per doctor |
Services - Personal | |
Cemetery or Crematory Mortuary | 1 per 2 employees, plus 1 per 6 seats |
Utilities, Transportation, Communications | |
Mass Transit Station | 1 per 2 employees, plus 1 per 4 public seats |
Vehicle Dealers, Repair and Service | |
Automobile or Motorcycle Sales Automobile Repair, Service Station | 1 per 200 sq. ft. of gross floor area, plus 1 per employee, plus 1 per 1,000 sq. ft. of sales lot |
(5) Joint use. Non-residential uses, within the same and/or separate structures, may provide joint parking provided the total number of spaces is not less than the sum of requirements for the various uses. To the extent that developments with joint parking operate at different times, such parking spaces may be credited to both uses.
(6) Satellite parking. Parking shall be required on site, except as provided in this section; however, the BZA may grant satellite parking to any non-residential use by special exception. At least part of such parking must be within 300 feet of the proposed use. A site plan must accompany any such application for special exception and must include the following:
(a) Adjacent streets, alleys and lots.
(b) All uses to be served Including the location, use and number of parking spaces provided.
(c) A layout drawn to scale Indicating aisles, driveways, entrances, exits, turn-off lanes, parking spaces, setbacks, drainage facilities, landscaping, lighting, pavement, and identification signs Including location, size and design.
(d) All satellite parking shall be developed, maintained and used in accordance with the approved site plan and all other requirements.
(e) Any change or other modification of uses served or number or parking spaces shall require amendment and re-approval by the BZA.
(7) Dimensions of parking spaces.
(a) Each parking space shall contain a rectangular area ten feet wide and 20 feet long, exclusive of pedestrian passageways, access drives, aisles, ramps, or landscaped areas. Handicapped parking spaces shall conform to state and federal requirements regarding handicap accessibility.
(b) Parking areas set aside for parallel parking shall contain a rectangular area nine feet wide and 22 feet long.
(c) Parking aisle widths shall conform to the following table:
TABLE 5. PARKING AISLE WIDTH
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Parking Angle | 0° | 30° | 45° | 60° | 90° |
One-way Traffic (feet) | 13 | 11 | 13 | 18 | 24 |
Two-way Traffic (feet) | 19 | 20 | 21 | 23 | 24 |
(d) Each loading space shall be of a size not less than that required for parking space but scaled larger to delivery vehicles expected to be used.
(e) Driveways shall be a minimum ten feet wide for one-way traffic and 18 feet wide for two-way traffic, except that a ten-foot wide driveway is permissible for two-way traffic when the driveway is no longer than 50 feet and provides access to a maximum of five parking spaces.
(8) Loading areas.
(a) Loading areas shall conform with the following requirements.
(b) Table 6.
TABLE 6. LOADING BERTH REQUIREMENTS AND DISTANCE FROM RESIDENTIAL USES | ||
Required Berths | Berth Distance From Residential Uses (feet) | |
TABLE 6. LOADING BERTH REQUIREMENTS AND DISTANCE FROM RESIDENTIAL USES | ||
Required Berths | Berth Distance From Residential Uses (feet) | |
Retail or Department Store, Wholesale Storage, Warehousing or other Business Use | ||
3,000 to 15,000 sq. ft. gross floor area | 1 | - |
Each 15,000 sq. ft. or additional fraction of gross floor area | 1 additional | - |
Office Building | ||
25,000 to 100,000 sq. ft. gross floor area | 1 | - |
100,000 to 350,000 sq. ft. gross floor area | 2 | - |
Each 200,000 or additional fraction of gross floor area | 1 additional | - |
Industrial Use | ||
Less than 15,000 sq. ft. gross floor area | 1 | 100 |
15,000 to 40,000 sq. ft. gross floor area | 2 | 100 |
40,000 to 100,000 sq. ft. gross floor area | 3 | 100 |
Each 40,000 or additional fraction of gross floor area | 1 additional | 100 |
Commercial Greenhouse | ||
15,000 square feet or less | 1 | 50 |
More than 15,000 square feet | 2 | - |
Hospital | ||
200 beds or less | 1 | 50 |
200 to 500 beds | 2 | 50 |
more than 500 beds | 3 | 50 |
Commercial Facility for Breeding/Raising Non-Farm Fowl and Animals | ||
Commercial facility for breeding/raising non-farm fowl and animals | 1 | 100 |
Stadium or Coliseum | ||
Stadium or Coliseum | 2 | 50 |
Airport | ||
Airport | Same as industrial | 100 |
Mineral Extraction | ||
Mineral Extraction, Borrow Pit, Topsoil Removal and Their Storage Areas | Same as industrial | 300 |
Outdoor Commercial Recreational Enterprise | ||
Outdoor Commercial Recreational Enterprise | Same as industrial | 50 |
Truck Freight Terminal | ||
Truck Freight Terminal | Same as industrial | 100 |
(9) Surface. All parking or loading areas for five or more automobiles shall be developed in accordance with the following standards:
(a) Parking and loading areas shall be graded and surfaced with an all-weather paving material such as asphalt, concrete, or other material that will provide equivalent protection against potholes, erosion, and dust. However, a gravel surface may be used for a period not exceeding one year after the date of issuing the certificate of occupancy where ground conditions are not immediately suitable for permanent surfacing as specified in this section.
(b) All areas shall be striped and channelized as appropriate. Parking stalls shall be marked and the access lines clearly defined, including directional arrows to guide internal movement.
(10) Landscaping. Parking lots should be effectively landscaped with trees and shrubs to reduce the visual impact of glare, headlights, and parking lot lights from the public right-of-way and from adjoining properties. In addition, parking lots should be adequately shaded to reduce the amount of reflected heat.
(a) Perimeter bufferyard. Parking or loading areas abutting any street-front or residential use shall provide a perimeter Bufferyard C for parking and Bufferyard E for loading areas or that required for the proposed use in § 155.090, whichever is greater.
(b) Interior landscaping. Interior landscaping shall be comprised of one canopy tree and three shrubs for every 15 parking spaces.
(c) Maintenance. Maintenance of landscaping for parking and loading areas shall be in accordance with § 155.091.
(d) Lighting. Lighting provided to illuminate off-street parking areas shall be so arranged, shielded and directed upon the parking area in such a manner as to not reflect or cause glare into adjacent properties or interfere with street traffic.
(e) Loading and unloading. Uses, except those that do not receive or transport goods in quantity by truck delivery, shall be provided loading berths. Each loading and unloading berth must include a 12-foot by 45-foot loading space with a 14-foot height clearance. Loading and unloading berths must be a minimum distance from the nearest residential use in accordance with Table 6, Loading Berth Requirements and Distance from Residential Uses.
(f) Inspections. At the time the structure receives its final inspection, the completion of the landscaping in accordance with these requirements shall also be a part of the final inspection. However, if seasonal circumstances do not permit the planting of the required landscaping, the final inspection of the landscaping shall be performed at a reasonable, later date as determined by the Administrator.
(11) Non-conforming parking, enlargement, or alteration of existing structure.
(a) No use lawfully established prior to the effective date of this section shall be required to provide and maintain the parking and loading requirements of this section, provided that parking and loading spaces required by any previous ordinance pursuant to state statutes shall be continued and maintained.
(b) For any non-conforming use which is hereafter damaged or partially destroyed, and which is lawfully reconstructed, re-established, or repaired, parking and loading facilities equivalent to those maintained at the time of such damage or partial destruction shall be restored and continued in operation, provided, however, it is not necessary to restore or maintain parking or loading facilities in excess of those required by this chapter for equivalent new uses.
(c) When the intensity of use of any building, structure, or premises shall be increased through the addition of dwelling units, floor area, beds, seating capacity, or other unit of measurement, parking and loading facilities shall be provided for such increase in intensity of use.
(d) When the existing use of a building, structure or premises shall be changed or converted to a new use permitted by this chapter, parking and loading facilities shall be provided as required for the new use.
(e) Parking and loading facilities in existence on the effective date of this section shall not be reduced below or if already less than, shall not be further reduced below, the requirements for a new use under this section.