APPENDIX A Detailed Classification of Plant Species

Detailed Classification of Plant Species: Large Deciduous Trees (Climax Species)
Botanical Name	Common Name	Growth Rate	Form	Adaption and Remarks
Acer saccharum	Sugar Maple	S	Round	Rich soil; salt-sensitive; oval when young; yellow, orange or scarlet fall color.
“Green Mountain”				Scorch-resistant; leathery leaves.
Carya ovata	Shagbark Hickory			Native and very adaptable, salt-sensitive, fruit-nut, lawn tree.
Ginkgo bilboa	Ginkgo	S	Pyramidal	Very urban, dioecious, females produce smelly fruits, golden yellow fall color.
“Fastigiata”	Sentry Ginkgo		Columnar	Seedless.
Juglans nigra	Walnut Eastern Walnut Black Walnut	F		Best in public open spaces or lawns; not to be used as a street tree; poisonous to other plants within the drip zone; susceptible to caterpillars and leaf-spot disease.
Quercus alba	White Oak	S	Round	Extremely sensitive to soil compaction; tolerant of urban conditions; dry soil; subject to iron chlorosis; red fall color; very difficult to transplant; excellent lawn or shade tree.
Quercus bicolor	Swamp White Oak	S	Round	Very tolerant of urban conditions; moist to wet, intolerant of alkaline soil; tolerates poor drainage; difficult to transplant; yellow fall color.
Quercus macrocarpa	Bur Oak Mossycup Oak	S	Round	Sensitive to soil compaction; tolerant of urban conditions; dry to wet soil; no fall color; very difficult to transplant.
Quercus palustris	Pin Oak	M	Pyramidal	Sensitive to soil compaction; tolerant of urban conditions; moist, acid soil; pendulous lower branches; red fall color; iron chlorosis on alkaline soil; lawn tree; cultivar “Sovereign” best for streets.
Quercus rubra (also known as Quercus Borealis)	Northern Red Oak Red Oak	M	Round	Sensitive to soil compaction; tolerant of urban conditions; pyramidal when young; red fall color; well-drained soil; fast-growing for oaks; excellent lawn, shade, and street tree.
Acer nigrum	Black Maple	M	Oval	Does well in poor, dry soils; red to bright gold fall color; excellent for lawn, shade, or street.
Acer platanoides	Norway Maple	M	Round	Shallow root system; not to be used along streets.
“Cleveland”		F	Oval- upright	Uniform, dense foliage.
“Columnare”			Columnar	Indistinct central leader.
“Crimson King”				Keeps deep purple leaf color throughout summer; susceptible to sun scald, bark-splitting and transplant shock.
“Drummondii”	Harlequin Norway Maple	S	Round	Variegated, cream-edged leaves.
“Emerald Queen”		F	Oval	Vigorous; crisp foliage.
“Globosum”	Globe Norway Maple	S	Globe	Useful on a standard under utility wires; 20’ height.
“Greenlace”			Round	Deeply divided, fine-textured leaves.
“Royal Red”		S	Round	Best for purple summer foliage.
“Shwedleri”			Round	New foliage reddish; bronze by summer.
“Summershade”		F		Rapidly growing cultivar; deep green, large, leathery leaves.
Acer rubrum	Red Maple Scarlet Maple Swamp Maple	F	Round	Moist, acid soil; tolerates poor drainage; smooth gray bark; yellow, orange, or red fall color; salt-sensitive.
“Armstrong”			Fastigiate	No fall color; light gray bark.
“Autumn Flame”				Early scarlet fall color.
“Bowhall”			Oval	Orange fall color.
“Red Sunset”				Late, scarlet fall color.
“Schlesingeri”				Red-orange fall color.
Acer saccharinum	Silver Maple Soft Maple White Maple River Maple	F	Vase	Heart and fast-growing; most soil; tolerates poor drainage; fine-textured; weak-wooded (develops heart rots after fifty years, limbs may fall); yellowish or no fall color.
Acer saccharinum	Silver Maple Soft Maple White Maple River Maple	F	Vase	Heart and fast-growing; most soil; tolerates poor drainage; fine-textured; weak-wooded (develops heart rots after fifty years, limbs may fall); yellowish or no fall color.
“Blair”		Very Fast		Strong branch structure; storm-resistant.
“Pyramidale”	Upright Silver Maple		Pyramidal	Improved branch structure.
“Silver Queen”	Seedless Sugar Maple		Round	Seedless.
“Wieri”	Cutleaf Sugar Maple			Shredded leaves; pendulous branches.
Aesculus hippocas tanum	Horsechestnut	M	Round	Urban; course; showy, white May flowers; litter problem; no fall color; difficult to transplant; pest or disease problems may limit use.
Alnus glutinosa	European Alder Black Alder	F	Oval	Rich or wet soils; produces catkins; possible winterkill.
Betula lutea	Yellow Birch	M	Round	Drooping branches; moist well-drained soils; yellow-orange bark; rusty yellow fall color.
Catalpa speciosa	Northern Catalpa	F	Oval	Poor, dry soil; showy, white June flowers; coarse; litter problem; no fall color.
Celtis occidentalis	Common Hackberry	M	Vase	Tolerates alkaline soils; “pebbled” bark; yellowish fall color; pest or disease problem may limit use.
Fagus grandifolia	American Beech	S	Oval	Moist, rich soil; smooth, gray bark; yellow-bronze fall color; difficult to transplant; salt-sensitive; sensitive to soil compaction.
Fagus sylvatica	European Beech	S	Round	Moist, rich soil; less difficult to transplant than American Beech; several cultivars available; excellent lawn tree.
Fraxinus americana	White Ash	M	Round	Moist soil; tolerates poor drainage; dioecious; orange to purple fall color; tolerates urban conditions.
“Autumn Purple”			Round	Seedless; superior fall color.
“Rosehill”			Oval	Seedless; superior fall color.
Fraxinus excelsior	European Ash	F	Round	Jet-black buds; no fall color.
“Aurea”	Golden European Ash	M	Round	Golden, young foliage, twigs and fall color; green summer foliage.
“Hesseri”	Hesse European Ash		Round	Simple leaves.
Fraxinus nigra	Black Ash	M	Irregular	Deep, rich, moist soils; tolerates wet soils; yellow fall color; scaly bark.
Fraxinus pennsylvanica =	Green Ash Red Ash	F	Oval; irregular	Dry to wet soils; tolerates poor drainage; salt-tolerant; twiggy and weak-wooded; yellow fall color; pest or disease problem may limit use; tolerates urban conditions.
“Marshall’s Seedless”			Oval	Seedless; glossy, dark green foliage; improved habit of growth.
“Summit”			Upright	Finer textured foliage.
Gleditsia triancanthos inermius	Thornless Honeylocust	F	Vase	Tolerates poor drainage; thornless, as are all of the following; pest or disease problem may limit use; salt-tolerant; yellow fall color.
“Imperial”			Round	Podless; low-growing; flat-topped; pest or disease problem may limit use.
“Shademaster”			Irregular	Podless; vase shape in age; pest or disease problem may limit use.
“Skyline”			Upright	Podless; tends to form central leader; good golden fall color; pest or disease problem may limit use.
“Sunburst”			Irregular	Podless; yellow new foliage; poor branch structure; pest or disease problem may limit use.
Gymnocladus dioica	Kentucky Coffeetree	M	Upright	Moist, rich soil; coarse and rugged; dioecious; yellowish fall color.
Juglans cinerea	Butternut	S		Needs good soil and consistent moisture; fairly good shade tree; susceptible to butternut decline.
Larix decidua	European Larch	F	Pyramidal	Full sun; graceful, fine-textured; transplant in spring before buds open; yellow fall color.
“Pendula”				nteresting weeping branches.
Larixkaempferi	Japanese Larch	M	Wide-Pyramidal	Similar to European Larch, more picturesque.
Larix laricina	American Larch Tamarack	M	Narrow- Pyramidal	Hardy; drought tolerant; used in shelterbelts.
Liriodendron tulipifera	Tuliptree	F	Upright	Rich, moist soil; unique leaves and interesting June flowers; yellow fall color; purchase from northern source.
Platanus occidentalis	Sycamore American Planetree	F	Pryamidal	Moist soil; tolerates poor drainage; mottled bark; coarse, maple-like leaves; no fall color; pest or disease problem may limit use.
Populus alba “Pyramidalis”	White Poplar	F	Fastigate	Moist soil; tolerates poor drainage; mottled bark; coarse, maple-like leaves; no fall color; pest or disease problem may limit use.
Populus deltoides	Eastern Poplar	Very fast	Fastigiate	Hardy, fast growing; golden yellow fall color; tolerates drought; brittle; may produce "cotton"; too large for homes.
“Robusta”			Upright	Seedless.
“Siouxland”				Larger greener leaves; seedless; uniform in shape; hardy.
“Cottonless”				Seedless; many similar species available.
Populus grandidentata	Bigtooth Aspen	F	Narrow	Moist, sandy, gravelly soils; not shade tolerant; yellow fall color.
Prunus serotina	Black Cherry	M	Oval	Dry soil; white flowers and black fruits in drooping racemes; orange fall color; pest or disease problem may limit use.
Taxodium distichum	Baldcypress	F	Pyramidal	Moist, intolerant of alkaline soil; tolerates poor drainage; sun; bronze fall color; fine texture; purchase from northern source.
Tilia americana	American Linden Basswood Linden Tree Linn Tree	M	Round	Sensitive to soil compaction; salt-sensitive; coarse; rich soils.
Tilia cordata	Littleleaf Linden	S	Pyramidal	Urban; moist soil; fragrant flowers; poor branch structure, needs training while young; yellow fall color.
“Chancellor”				Uniform, upright habit.
“Greenspire”				Improved branching habit.
Tilia x euchlora “Redmond”	Redmond Linden	M	Pyramidal	Urban; dark green foliage.
KEY:   S=Slow      M=Medium   F=Fast

 

Detailed Classification of Plant Species: Small Deciduous Trees
Botanical Name	Common Name	Growth Rate	Form	Adaption and Remarks
Aesculus x carnea “Briotii”	Ruby Horsechestnut	S	Round	Rich, most soil; red flowers.
Aesculus glabra	Ohio Buckeye	S	Round	Rich, moist soil; yellow-green flowers; orange fall color.
Alnus glutinosa	European Alder	F	Oval	Wet; tolerates poor drainage; catkins; cone fruits; no fall color.
Betula nigra	River Birch	M	Vase	Wet to dry, intolerant of alkaline soils; tolerates poor drainage; pinkish, peeling bark.
Betula papyifera	Paper Birch	M	Oval	Cool, moist soil; white, peeling bark; golden yellow fall color; pest or disease problem.
Betula pendula “Gracilis”	Cutleaf European Birch	M	Weeping	Cool, moist soil; dissected leaves; yellow fall color; pests & disease.
Betula platyphylla japonica	Japanese White Birch	M	Pyramidal	White bark; some resistance to bronze birch borer.
Cercidiphyllum japonicum	Katsuratree	M	Columnar	Moist soil; dioecious; form controlled by pruning, wide spreading if multi-trunked; yellow to red fall color.
Cladrastis lutea	American Yellowwood	S	Round	Moist, rich soil; smooth, light gray bark; fragrant, white June flowers in large clusters; yellow fall color.
Magnolia acuminata	Cucumbertree	F	Pyramidal	Inconspicuous, greenish flowers; pink to red fruits; coarse foliage; no fall color.
Nyssa sylvatica	Black Gum	S	Pyramidal	Moist soil; tolerates poor drainage; dense habit; dioecious; orange to scarlet fall color; difficult to transplant.
Phellodendron amurense	Amur Corktree	M	Round	Urban; dry soil; dioecious; compound leaves; corky bark; yellow fall color.
Prunus maackii	Amur Chokecherry	M	Round	Amber exfoliating bark; does well in containers.
Prunus padus commutata	Harbinger European Bird Cherry	S	Round	Sun; early to leaf out in spring; pest or disease problem.
Prunus pennsylvanica	Pin Cherry	M	Upright	Poor, dry soil; sun; graceful; shortlived; suckering; red fruits; orange to red fall color.
Prunus sargentii	Sargent Cherry	M	Upright	Sun, well-drained soil; early, pink flowers; red fall color.
Salix alba tristis	Golden Weeping Willow	F	Weeping	Wet soil; tolerates poor drainage; bright yellow twigs; fine-textured; litter problem.
Ulmus parvifolia	Chinese Elm	M	Vase	Disease resistant; exfoliating bark.
Acer ginnala	Amur Maple	M	Round	Sun, shade; red fruit; red fall color.
Alnus rugosa	Speckled Alder	F	Round	Wet soil; tolerates poor soil; lenticeled bark.
Amelanchier arborea	Downy Serviceberry	S	Upright	Dry soil; shade; gray bark; white flowers; yellow to red fall color; edible fruits.
Amelanchier x grandiflora	Apple Serviceberry	S	Spreading	Semi-shade; large, white flowers, edible fruits.
Amelanchier laevis	Allegany Serviceberry	S	Upright	Moist soil; shade; white flowers; orange to red fall color, edible fruits.
Carpinus caroliniana	American Hornbeam	S	Spreading	Moist soil; shade; smooth, gray muscle-like trunks; orange fall color.
Cercis canadensis	Eastern Redbud	M	Spreading	Sun or shade; purplish-pink flowers; yellow fall color; purchase form northern source.
Cornus alternifolia	Pagoda Dogwood	M	Spreading	Cool, moist soil; shade; blue-black berries on red stalks; early, maroon fall color.
Crataegus crus-galli “Inermis”	Thornless Cockspur Hawthorn		Spreading	Urban; sun; persistent, brick red fruits; orange to red fall color; no thorns.
Crataegus laevigata “Paulii”	Paul's Scarlet Hawthorn	S	Upright	Heavy soil; sun; double, scarlet flowers in late May; no fall color; pest or disease problem.
“Superba”	Crimson Cloud Hawthorn			Single, scarlet flowers; resistant to leaf spot.
Crataegus x lavallei	Lavalle Hawthorn	S	Upright	Urban; sun; glossy foliage; bronzy-red fall color.
Crataegus mollis	Downy Hawthorn	S	Upright	Sun; large, red, early-ripening fruit; yellow fall color; pest or disease problem.
Crataegus phaenopyrum	Washington Hawthorn	M	Upright	Urban; sun; latest blooming; small, persistent, orange-red fruits in clusters; orange fall color.
Crataegus punctata	Dotted Hawthorn	S	Spreading	Moist, heavy soil; sun; picturesque; pest or disease problem may limit use.
Crataegus x “Toba”	Toba Hawthorn	S		Sun; double, pink, fragrant flowers; glossy leaves; red fruits; dwarf-15.
Elaeagnus angustifolia	Russianolive	F	Round	Dry, alkaline soil; sun; fragrant, inconspicuous flowers; silver-gray foliage; no fall color; pest or disease problem may limit use.
Magnolia x loebneri “Merrill”	Dr. Merrill Magnolia	M	Pyramidal	Rich soil; sun; white, many-petaled flowers; difficult to transplant.
Magnolia x soulangiana	Saucer Magnolia	S	Round	Rich soil; sun; large pink flowers; difficult to transplant.
Malus species & cultivars	Flowering Crabapples			All require sun and well drained soil. They all possess a high degree of resistance to the apple scab disease.
Malus “Adams”	Adams Flowering Crabtree	M	Spreading	Slightly susceptible to fire blight; rose-red flowers; 5/8" diam., persistent, deep red fruits.
Malus baccata jackii	Jack Flowering Crabtree	M	Upright spreading	Slightly susceptible to fire blight; white flowers; tiny 1/3-1/2"diam., dark red fruits.
Malus “Bob White”	Bob White Flowering Crabtree	M	Rounded	Moderately susceptible to fire blight; white flowers; 5/8" diam., persistent, yellow fruits.
Malus “Candied Apple”	Weeping Candied Apple Flowering Crabtree		Weeping	Slightly susceptible to scab; pink flowers; 5/8" diam., persistent cherry-red fruits; foliage tinged with red.
Malus “Centurian”	Centurian Flowering Crabtree		Narrow-Upright	Disease resistant; rose-red flowers; 5/8" diam., persistent, cherry-red fruits.
Malus “David”	David Flowering Crabapple	M	Rounded	Slightly susceptible to fire blight and scab; white glowers; 1/4-1 1/2" diam., reddish fruits for in alternate years.
Malus “Dolgo”	Dolgo Flowering Crabtree	M	Upright-Spreading	Slightly susceptible to fire blight and scab; white flowers; 1 1/4-1 1/2" diam., persistent red fruits.
Malus “Donald Wyman”	Donald Wyman Flowering Crabtree	M	Rounded	Disease-resistant; white flowers; 3/8” diam.; persistent red fruits.
Malus “Dorothea”	Dorothea Flowering Crabtree	S	Horizontal	Moderately susceptible to scab; clear pink semi-double flowers; 1/2" diam., yellow fruits.
Malus “Gibb's Golden Gage”	Gibb's Golden Gage Flowering Crabtree		Rounded	Disease resistant; white flowers; 1" diam., persistent, yellow fruits.
Malus “Indian Summer”	Indian Summer Flowering Crabtree		Rounded	Disease resistant; rose-red flowers; 5/8-3/4" diam., red fruits.
Malus “Mary Potter”	Mary Potter Flowering Crabtree	S	Horizontal	Moderately susceptible to fire blight and scab; white flowers; 1/2" diam., red fruits; 10' height.
Malus “Ormiston Roy”	Ormiston Roy Flowering Crabtree	M	Rounded	Slightly susceptible to fire blight; white flowers, 3/8" diam., persistent, yellow fruits.
Malus “Profusion”	Profusion Flowering Crabtree	M	Rounded-Spreading	Slightly susceptible to fire blight; rose-red flowers; 1/2" diam., deep red fruits; bronze-green foliage.
Malus “Red Jewel”	Red Jewel Flowering Crabtree		Horizontal	Moderately susceptible to scab; white flowers; 1/2" diam., persistent, bright red fruits.
Malus “Robinson”	Robinson Flowering Crabtree		Upright-Spreading	Disease resistant; rose-red flowers; 3/8" diam, persistent, bright red fruits, bronze-green foliage.
Malus “Sentinel”	Sentinel Flowering Crabtree		Narrow-upright	Slightly susceptible to fire blight and scab; pale pink flowers; 1/2" diam., persistent, bright red fruits.
Malus “White Cascade”	White Cascade Flowering Crabtree	S	Weeping	Disease resistant; white flowers, 1/2" diam., yellowish fruits.
Ostrya virginiana	Hophornbeam	S	Pyramidal	Dry soil; shade; catkins; elm-like leaves; yellow fall color.
Prunus americana	American Plum	F	Horizontal	Dry soil; sun; suckering habit; white flowers; yellow to orange fall color.
Prunus cerasifera “Newportii”	Newport Plum	M	Round	Sun; reddish-purple summer foliage.
Prunus virginiana	Chokecherry	M	Upright	Dry, infertile soil; suckering habit; white flowers; yellow to orange fall color.
“Canada Red” or “Shubert”	Shubert Chokecherry			Sun; foliage changes from green to purple in early summer.
Pyrus calleryana and cultivars	Callery Pear	M	Oval	Sun; early, white flowers; late red fall color.
Saliz matsudana “Tortuosa”	Corkscrew or Contorted Willow	F	Upright	Wet soil; tolerates poor drainage; sun; twisted branches; pest or disease problem may limit use.
Saliz pentandra	Laurel Willow	M	Round	Wet soil; sun; foliage glossy, dark green; dense habit.
Sorbus alnifolia	Korean Mountainash	S	Oval	Cool soil; simple leaves; small flowers and fruits; orange to red fall color; pest or disease problem.
Sorbus aucuparia and cultivars	European Mountainash	M	Oval	Cool soil; orange fruits; pest or disease problem.
Sorbus decora	Showy Mountainash	S	Upright	Cool Soil; large, reddish fruits; pest or disease problem.
Syringa reticulata	Japanese Tree Lilac	S	Horizontal	Sun; large, pyramidal, cream-white flower clusters in June; tan fruits.
KEY:   S=Slow      M=Medium   F=Fast

 

Detailed Classification of Plant Species: Evergreen Trees
Botanical Name	Common Name	Growth Rate	Form	Adaption and Remarks
Abies concolor	White Fur	M	70'	Dry soil; heat; gray-green foliage.
Picea abies	Norway Spruce	F	75'	Deep soil; dark green foliage; long cones; pendulous branchlets.
Picea glauca	White Spruce	M	50'	Moist soil; sun; light green needles.
Picea omorika	Serbian Spruce	S	50'	Sun; narrow habit; pendulous branchlets.
Picea pungens glauca	Blue Colorado Spruce	S	60'	Sun; urban; blue needles; stiff, formal habit.
Pinus cembra	Swiss Stone Pine	S	50'	Sun; narrow habit.
Pinus nigra	Austrian pine	M	50'	Sun; urban; stout, dark green needles, pest or disease problem.
Pinus resinosa	Red Pine	F	50'	Dry soil; sun; reddish bark; yellow-green winter color.
Pinus strobus	Eastern White Pine	M	75'	Moist soil; sun; picturesque; soft, green foliage, pest or disease problem.
Pinus sylvestris	Scots Pine	F	50'	Dry soil; sun; orange bark; bluish needles.
Pseudotsuga menziesii	Douglas Fir	M	70'	Half-shade; flat, dark green needles.
Tsuga Canadensis	Canada Hemlock	M	75'	Moist soil; soft, feathery foliage.
Thuja occidentalis	American Arborvitae	M	40'	Wet soil; half-shade; light green, soft, scale-like foliage.
Juniperus chinnensis “Keteleeri”	Keteleer Juniper	S	20'	Dry soil; sun; green foliage; large fruits.
Juniperus chinnensis “Mountbatten	Mountbatten Juniper	S	20'	Dry soil; sun; narrow, columnar form; large fruits.
Juniperus virginiana	Eastern Red Cedar	S	20'	Dry soil; sun; brownish winter color.
“Burkii”	Burke Eastern Red Cedar			Fine-textured, gray-green foliage.
“Canaertii”	Canaert Eastern Red Cedar			Dark green, tufted foliage.
“Glauca”	Silver Eastern Red Cedar			Silver-gray foliage; informal habit.
“Hillii”	Hill Dundee Eastern Red Cedar			Gray-green foliage turns purple in winter, no fruits.
Picea glauca “Densata”	Black Hills Spruce	S	20'	Dry soil; sun; narrow, dense habit.
Taxus cuspidata	Japanese Yew	S	20'	Shade; urban, deep green needles; often sold as Taxus cuspidata “Capitata.”
Thuja occidentalis “Fastigiata”	Pyramidal Arborvitae	M	25'	Narrow columnar form.
Thuja occidentalis “Techny”	Techny Arborvitae	S	20'	Deep green foliage, year round.
KEY:   S=Slow      M=Medium   F=Fast

 

Detailed Classification of Plant Species: Shrubs (Tall Deciduous)
Botanical Name	Common Name	Form	Adaption and Remarks
Amelanchier sp. (See also low trees)	Serviceberry	Upright	Shade; alkaline soil; white flowers; edible purple fruits; smooth, gray bark; yellow to orange fall color; fireblight a problem.
Caragana arborescens	Siberian Peashrub	Erect, Oval	Dry, alkaline soils; yellow flowers; green twig.
Chionanthus virginicus	Fringetree	Spreading	Moist soil; shade; white flowers; blue fruits; coarse.
Cornus alternifolia	Pagoda Dogwood	Spreading	Moist soil; shade; white flowers; blue fruits; horizontal branches; early, maroon fall color.
Cornus mas	Corneliancherry Dogwood	Oval	Shade; urban; yellow flowers in April; flower buds may be injured or killed during some winters; edible red fruits.
Cornus racemosa	Gray Dogwood	Erect	Dry or wet soils; shade; white flowers; white fruits; purple fall color.
Cornus sericea	Redosier Dogwood	Spreading	Wet, moist soils; tolerates poor drainage; white flowers; white fruits; red twigs; often sold a C. stolonifera.
Cornus sericea baileyi	Bailey Redosier Dogwood	Erect
Cotoneaster multiflora	Manyflowered Cotoneaster	Mounded	Sun; well-drained soil; white flowers; red fruits; very wide-spreading; pests/diseases.
Elaeagnus umbellata	Autumnolive	Spreading	Poor, dry soil; sun; fragrant flowers; edible, red fruits; twiggy.
Euonymus alata	Winged Euonymus	Spreading	Sun or shade; well-drained soil; corky, winged twigs; pink to rose fall color.
Euonymus atropurpurea	Eastern Wahoo	Tree-like	Moist soil; shade; tiny, purplish flowers; orange to purple fall color.
Euonymus europaea	Spindletree of European Euonymus	Tree-like	Dry-soil; urban; striped bark; persistent pink fruit; orange to purple fall color.
“Aldenhamensis”	Aldenham European Euonymus		Bright pink fruit; shrubby form.
“Redcap”	Redcap European Euonymus		Bright red fruit.
Exochorda racemosa	Pearlbush	Leggy	Sun; pearl-like flower buds; tan fruit capsules.
Hamamelis virginiana	Common Witchhazel	Spreading	Shade; yellow October flowers.
Hydrangea paniculata “Grandiflora”	Peegee Hydrangea	Upright	Moist soil; white to pink flowers in August; persistent, tan flower clusters.
Kolkwitzia amabilis	Beautybush	Upright	Alkaline soil; sun; pink flowers in June; shredded bark; leggy.
Ligustrum amurense	Amur Privet	Erect	Dry soil; white flowers; black fruits; hedge plant.
Ligustrum vulgare “Cheyenne”	Cheyenne Privet	Erect	Dry soil; urban; white flowers; black fruits; hedge plant.
Lonicera x bella “Candida”	White Belle Honeysuckle	Upright-mounded	Dry soil; white flowers; red fruits; may become weedy, pest problem.
Lonicera tatarica zabelii	Zabel Honeysuckle	Rounded	Dry soil; urban; red flowers; dense, red fruits; may become weedy, pest or disease problem, may be sold as L. korolkowii zabelii.
Magnolia stellata	Star Magnolia	Rounded	Rich soil; white flowers; orange fruits; finest textured magnolia.
Physocarpus opulifolius	Eastern Ninebark	Vase	Dry soil; semi-shade; white flowers; red, capsular fruit; shredded bark; course.
Prunus tomentosa	Manchu Cherry	Rounded	Dry soil; sun; white flowers; edible, red fruits.
Prunus triloba	Double Flowering Plum	Rounded	Sun; double, pink flowers; no fruit.
Rhamnus frangula “Columnaris”	Tallhedge Glossy Buckthorn	Columnar	Moist soil; shade; red to black fruits; holds leaves late.
Rhus glabra	Smooth Sumac	Suckering	Dry soil; sun; persistent red fruits; smooth stems; scarlet fall color.
Rhus typhina	Staghorn Sumac	Suckering	Dry soil; sun; persistent red fruits; felty stems; orange to red fall color.
Rhus typhina “Dissecta”	Shredleaf Staghorn Sumac	Picturesque	Dry soil; sun; red fruits; dissected leaves, orange to red in fall.
Salix caprea	Goat Willow or French Pussy Willow	Oval	Wet or dry soil; sun; large silver catkins in early spring.
Shepherdia argentea	Buffaloberry	Irregular	Dry soil; sun; yellowish flowers; dioecious; edible red fruits; silvery foliage.
Staphylea trifolia	American Bladdernut	Upright	Moist soil; shade; whitish flowers; green to brown, bladder-like fruits; white-striped bark.
Syringa x chinensis	Chinese Lilac	Vase	Dry, alkaline soil; purple-lilac flowers; fine texture.
Syringa x hyacinthiflora cvs.	Hyacinth Lilacs	Upright	Sun; white, pink, lilac, purple flowers; early blooming.
Syringa x prestoniae cvs.	Preston Lilacs	Rounded	Sun; pink to purple flowers; late-blooming; coarse textured.
Syringa reticulata	Japanese Tree Lilac	Tree-like	Sun; white flowers in June; tan fruits; cherry-like bark; often sold as S. amurensis japonica.
Syringa vulgaris cvs	Common Lilac	Upright	Well-drained soil; sun; white, pink, lilac, purple, fragrant flowers; pest or disease problem may limit use.
Tamarix ramosissima	Tamarisk	Irregular	Dry soil; sun; tiny, pink flowers; very fine texture; often sold as T. pentandra.
Viburnum dentatum	Arrowwood Viburnum	Vase	Moist soil; shade; white flowers in June; blue fruits; maroon fall color.
Viburnum lantana	Wayfaringtree Viburnum	Upright	Dry soil; shade; white flowers; red to black fruits; late maroon fall color.
Viburnum lentago	Nannyberry Viburnum	Upright	Moist or dry soil; sun or shade; white flowers; black fruits; leggy; maroon fall color; pest or disease problem.
Viburnum prunifolium	Blackhaw Viburnum	Spreading	Dry soil; shade; white flowers; black fruits; single or multi-trunked; maroon fall color.
Viburnum sieboldii	Siebold Vibernum	Tree-like	Rich soil; white flowers; red to black fruits; large, coarse leaves.
Vibernum trilobum	American Cranberrybush Vibernum	Upright	Moist soil; shade; lacy, white flowers; persistent, edible fruits.

 

Detailed Classification of Plant Species: Shrubs (Medium Deciduous)
Botanical Name	Common Name	Form	Adaption and Remarks
Aronia arbutifolia	Red Chokeberry	Erect	Wet soil; shade; tolerates poor drainage; white flowers; red fruits; red fall color.
Cornus alba “Argenteomarginata”	Creamedge Dogwood	Mounded	Moist soil; white flowers; white fruit; variegated foliage.
Corylus americana	American Filbert or Hazelnut	Rounded	Dry soil; shade; catkins in March; orange fall color.
Cotoneaster divaricatus	Spreading Cotoneaster	Mounded	Dry alkaline soil; red fruits; fine texture; late maroon fall color; not fully hardy in zone indicated—needs a special site or ideal conditions.
Cotoneaster lucidus	Hedge Cotoneaster	Upright	Dry soil; shade; black fruits; orange to maroon fall color; good hedge plant; C. acutifolius is similar.
Euonymus alatus “Compacta”	Dwarf Winged Euonymus	Spreading	Sun or shade; pink and orange fruits; red fall color.
Forsythia x intermedia cvs.	Border Forsythia	Vase	Sun; urban; large, pale to yellow flowers; flower buds may be injured or killed at termperatures lower than -14°F.
Forsythia ovata	Early Forsythia	Mounded	Sun; urban; smaller, earlier, yellow flowers; flower buds may be injured or killed at temperatures lower than -25°F.
Forsythia suspensa	Weeping Forsythia	Mounded	Sun; urban; yellow flowers; slender, drooping twigs; flower buds may be injured or killed at temperatures lower than -15°F.
Ilex verticillata	Winterberry	Upright	Wet, acid soil; tolerates poor drainage; dioecious; red fruits.
Ligustrum obtusifolium regelianum	Regel's Border Privet	Spreading	Dry soil; shade; white flowers; blue-black fruits; late, purple fall color.
Malus sargentii “Tina”	Sargent Crabapple	Spreading	Disease resistant; 5' mature height.
Myrica pensylvanica	Bayberry	Upright	Dry soil; sun; gray, fragrant fruits; dioecious; semi-evergreen; suckering.
Philadelphus x virginalis “Glacier”	Glacier Mockorange	Rounded	Sun; double, white, fragrant flowers.
Prunus x cistena	Purple-leaved Sand Cherry	Rounded	Dry soil; sun; white flowers; purple foliage all season.
Rhodotypos scandens	Jetbead	Spreading	Dry soil; shade; white flowers; sparse red fruits; fine texture.
Rosa hugonis	Father Hugo Rose	Vase	Poor soil; sun; yellow flowers; sparse red fruits; fine texture.
Rosa rugosa cvs.	Rugosa Rose	Rounded	Dry soil; sun; white, yellow, pink, or red flowers; large edible red fruits; fall color; wrinkled leaves; tolerant of salt.
Rosa setigera	Prairie Rose	Sprawling-mounded	Sun; pink flowers in July; red fruits; orange fall color; can be used as a climber.
Spiraea prunifolia	Bridalwreath Spirea	Upright	Sun; double, white flowers; orange to red fall color.
Spiraea thunbergii	Thunberg Spirea	Vase	Sun; white flowers; yellow to orange fall color; fine-textured.
Spiraea x vanhouttei	Vanhoutte Spirea	Vase	Sun; white flowers; arching branches.
Syringa meyeri “Palibin”	Palibin Lilac	Rounded	Sun; purple flowers; dense; fine-textured; good informal hedge plant often sold as S. palibiniana.
Viburnum carlesii	Koreanspice Viburnum	Rounded	Shade; urban; pink to white, fragrant flowers; blue-black fruits; red fall color.
Viburnum cassinoides	Witherod Viburnum	Rounded	Wet, acid soil; tolerates poor drainage; white flowers; pink to red to blue fruits; red fall color.
Weigela florida	Old-fashioned Weigela	Spreading	Well-drained soil; pink, funnel-shaped flowers.
Weigela x 'Vanicekii'	Vanicek Weigela	Spreading	Well-drained soil; red flowers.

 

Detailed Classification of Plant Species: Shrubs (Low Deciduous)
Botanical Name	Common Name	Form	Adaption and Remarks
Acanthopanax sieboldianus	Fiveleaf Aralia	Upright	Dry soil; shade; urban; leaves palmately compound; thorny.
Amelanchier stolonifera	Running Serviceberry	Suckering	Dry soil; shade; white flowers; edible fruits; orange fall color.
Aronia melanocarpa	Black Chokeberry	Suckering	Wet soil; shade; white flowers; black fruits; red fall color.
Berberis thunbergii	Japanese Barberry	Mounded	Dry soil; shade; red fruits; orange fall color; thorns; good hedge plant.
“Atropurpurea”	Redleaf Japanese Barberry		Sun; red summer foliage.
“Crimson Pygmy”	Crimson Japanese Barberry	Low-mound	Sun; red summer foliage; 2' tall.
Buxus microphylla koreana	Korean Littleaf Box	Rounded	Shade; broadleaf evergreen; good hedge plant.
Chaenomeles japonica alpina	Dwarf Japanese Floweringquince	Spreading	Dry soil; urban; orange flowers; yellow, edible fruits; dense; 1' tall; flower buds may be injured or killed during some winters.
Cotoneaster apiculatus	Cranberry Cotoneaster	Mounded	Dry soil; red fruits; red fall color.
Deutzia x lemoinei “Compacta”	Compact Lemoine Deutzia	Rounded	Well-drained soil; white flowers.
Diervilla lonicera	Dwarf Bushhoneysuckle	Mounded	Dry soil; shade; yellow flowers; good bank cover.
Forsythia viridissima “Bronxensis”	Bronx Forsythia	Low-mound	Sun; small yellow flowers; fine texture; purple fall color.
Hydrangea arborescens “Annabelle”	Annabelle Hydrangea	Mounded	Moist soil; shade; white, clustered flowers; dense; blooms on new wood.
Hydrangea arborescens “Grandiflora”	Snowhill Hydrangea	Mounded	Smaller flower clusters and less dense than Hydrangea arborescens “Annabelle.”
Hypericum kalmianum	Kalm's St. Johnswort	Rounded	Dry soil; sun; yellow flowers; shiny brown twigs.
Lonicera x xylosteoides “Clavey's Dwarf”	Clavey's Dwarf Honeysuckle	Rounded	Dense growth; good hedge or screening plant.
Lonicera xylosteum “Nanum”	Emerald Mound Honeysuckle	Mounded	Lower growing than preceding; 2'-3'.
Mahonia aquifolium “Mayhan”	Mayhan Oregongrape	Suckering	Shade; urban; yellow flowers; blue fruits; holly-like evergreen foliage; not fully hardy in zone - need special site or ideal conditions.
Philadelphus coronarius “Aureus”	Golden Mockorange	Rounded	Sun; white flowers; yellow summer foliage.
Philadelphus x lemoinei “Mont Blanc”	Mont Blanc Mockorange	Mounded	Sun; single; white, fragrant flowers; dense.
Physocarpus opulifolius “Nanus”	Dwarf Common Ninebark	Rounded	Dry soil; shade; creamy-white flowers; red capsular fruits; shredded bark.
Potentilla fruticosa cvs.	Bush Cinquefoil	Mounded	Dry soil; sun; yellow and white flowers; blooms all summer.
Prunus glandulosa “Sinensis”	Pink Dwarf Floweringalmond	Rounded	Sun; light soil; double, pink flowers; no fruits; narrow leaves.
Rhododendron x kosteranum	Mollis Hybrid Azaleas	Spreading	Moist, acid soil; pink flowers; red fall color.
Rhododendron x “PJM Hybrid”	PJM Hybrid Rhododendron	Rounded	Moist, acid soil; shade; lavender flowers; evergreen leaves turn purple in autumn.
Rhus aromatica	Fragrant Sumac	Mounded	Dry soil; sun; red fruits; fragrant foliage; turns orange-maroon in fall.
“Gro-Low”	Gro-low Fragrant Sumac		Uniform 2 1/2' height; glossy leaves.
Ribes alpinum	Alpine Currant	Rounded	Shade; urban; good hedge plant.
Rosa virginiana	Virginia Rose	Suckering	Dry soil; pink flowers; red fruits; red stems; good bank cover.
Salix repens argentea	Silver Creeping Willow	Spreading	Moist soil; sun; silvery foliage.
Spiraea x arguta “Compacta”	Compact Garland Spirea	Mounded	Sun; white flowers; fine texture.
Spiraea x billiardii	Billiard Spirea	Upright	Sun; pink flowers, in July and August.
Spiraea x bumalda “Anthony Waterer”	Anthony Waterer Spirea	Rounded	Dry soil; sun; raspberry red flowers; unattractive fruits.
Spiraea x bumalda “Froebelii”	Froebel Spirea	Rounded	Dry soil; sun; raspberry red flowers; orange to maroon fall color.
Spiraea japonica alpina	Daphne Spirea	Low-mound	Sun; pale pink flowers in July; 10" height.
Spiraea nipponica “Snowmound”	Snowmound Spirea	Mounded	Sun; white flowers; blue-green foliage; possible disease problem.
Symphoricarpos rivularis	Snowberry	Vase	Dry soil; shade; tiny pink flowers; showy white fruits; often sold as S. albus laevigatus.
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus	Indiancurrant Coralberry	Suckering	Dry soil; shade; pink fruits; good bank cover.
Viburnum opulus “Compactum”	Compact European Cranberrybush Viburnum	Rounded	Shade; white flowers; persistent, red fruit; dense habit.
Viburnum opulus “Nanum”	Dwarf European Cranberrybush Viburnum	Globe	Shade; no flowers or fruits; twiggy.

 

Detailed Classification of Plant Species: Shrubs (Tall to Medium Evergreen)
Botanical Name	Common Name	Growth Rate	Form	Adaption and Remarks
Juniperus chinensis
“Ames”	Ames Juniper	9'	Broad pyramid	Sun; bluish green foliage.
“Blaauw”	Blaauw Juniper	4'	Upright-vase	Sun; grayish blue foliage.
“Herzii”	Herz Blue Juniper	15'	Ascending-Spreading	Sun; silvery blue foliage.
“Maney”	Maney Juniper	6'	Upright, bushy	Sun; bluish green foliage.
“Old Gold”	Old Gold Juniper	4'	Spreading	Sun; green with gold tips.
“Pfitzerana”	Pfitzer Juniper	6'	Wide-spreading	Sun; green foliage; no fruits.
“Pfitzerana Glauca”	Blue Pfitzer Juniper	5'	Spreading	Sun; blue-gray foliage.
Juniperus communis depressa	Oldfield Common Juniper	4'	Spreading	Dry soil; sun; light green; brownish in winter.
Juniperus sabina “Von Ehren”	Von Ehren Savin Juniper	4'	Spreading	Dry soil; sun; light green; brownish in winter.
Juniperus squamata “Meyeri”	Meyer Singleseed Juniper	5'	Picturesque	Sun; blue foliage.
Picea glauca “Conica”	Dwarf Alberta Spruce	7'	Pyramidal	Shelter from winter sun; light green foliage.
Pinus mugo	Mugo Pine	4'	Mounded	Dry soil; sun; green foliage.
Taxus cuspidata “Expansa”	Spreading Japanese Yew	6'	Spreading	Shade; urban; dark green foliage; needs ideal conditions.
Taxus cuspidata “Nana”	Dwarf Japanese Yew	4'	Mounded	Shade; urban very dark green foliage; needs ideal conditions.
Taxus x hunnewelliana	Hunnewell Yew	6'	Spreading	Shade; green.
Taxus x media cvs.	Anglojapanese Yew	1-10'	Round or upright	Shade; very dark green; needs ideal conditions.
Thuja occidentalis “Robusta”	Ware American Arborvitae	8'	Broad Pyramid	Wet soil; half-shade; dark green foliage. Often sold as T.o. “Wareana.”
Thuja occidentalis “Woodwardii”	Woodward Globe American Arborvitae	6'	Globe	Wet soil; half-shade; bright green.

 

Detailed Classification of Plant Species: Shrubs (Low Evergreen)
Botanical Name	Common Name	Growth Rate	Form	Adaption and Remarks
Juniperus chinensis procumbens	Japanese Garden Juniper	2'	Creeping	Sun; blue-green, year-round foliage.
Juniperus chinensis sargentii	Sargent Juniper	1'	Creeping	Sun; green; or blue-green in cv. “Glauca.”
Juniperus horizontalis	Creeping Juniper	1'	Creeping	Dry soil; sun; variable color-brown in winter.
“Bar Harbor”	Bar Harbor Juniper	8"	Creeping	Dry soil; sun; bluish green foliage; slaty in winter.
“Douglasii”	Waukegan Juniper	18"	Creeping	Dry soil; sun; steel blue; purplish in winter.
“Plumosa”	Andorra Juniper	18"	Radial-creeping	Dry soil; sun; gray-green; purplish in winter.
“Prince of Wales”	Prince of Wales Juniper	4-6"	Prostrate	Dry soil; sun; bright green; bronzed in winter.
“Wiltonii”	Blue Rug Juniper	4-6"	Flat-trailing	Dry soil; sun; silvery blue.
“Youngstown”	Youngstown Juniper	18"	Radial-creeping	Dry soil; sun; gray-green; purplish in winter.
Juniperus sabina
“Arcadia”	Arcadia Savin Juniper	18"	Low-spreading	Sun; green.
“Broadmoor”	Broadmoor Savin Juniper	2'	Mounded	Sun; soft grayish green; fine textured.
“Skandia”	Skandia Savin Juniper	12"	Low-spreading	Sun; grayish blue.
“Tamariscifolia”	Tamarix Savin Juniper	2'	Dense, spreading	Sun; bluish green; pest or disease problem.

 

Detailed Classification of Plant Species: Prohibited Species
Botanical Name	Common Name	Growth Rate	Form	Adaption and Remarks
Acer negundo	Boxelder			Weed tree.
	Buckthorn			Invasive.
	Crown Vetch			Invasive ground cover; aggressive.
Crataegus crus-galli	Cockspur Hawthorn	S	Spreading	Urban; sun; persistent, brick red fruits; orange to red fall color; evil thorns.
Gleditsia triacanthos	Common Honeylocust	F	Vase	Urban; tolerates poor drainage; salt tolerant; dioecious, females produce pods; fine-textured foliage; wicked thorns; yellow fall color; pest or disease problems may limit use.
Lonicera x bella	Belle Honeysuckle			Dry soil, white flowers; red fruits; may become weedy, pest problem.
Lonicera tatarica	Tatarian Honeysuckle			Dry soil; urban, pink to white flowers; dense, red fruits; may become weedy, pest or disease problem.
Lonicera morrowi	Morrow Honeysuckle			Urban, dense, white flowers, pest and disease problem, weedy.
	Purple Loosestrife			Perennial, common marsh plant, may choke out native plants.
Rhamnus cathartica	Common Buckthorn			Becomes weak.
Rhamnus frangula	Glossy Buckthorn			Becomes weak.
KEY:   S=Slow   M=Medium   F=Fast

 

The following sources were used in compiling the preceding lists of plant species:

   Department of Natural Resources. Forest Trees of Wisconsin: How to Know Them. Madison, Wisconsin: Department of Natural Resources, 1987.

   Hasselkus, E.R. A Guide to Selecting Landscape Plants for Wisconsin. Madison, Wisconsin: College of Agricultural and Life Sciences University of Wisconsin - Extension, Cooperative Extension Programs, 1982.

   Hightshoe, Gary L. Native Trees, Shrubs, and Vines for Urban and Rural America: A Planting Design Manual for Environmental Designers. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1988.

   Iowa State University. Landscape Plants for Iowa. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Cooperative Extension Service, May 1984.