All work of construction, removal, repair or replacement of any curb, sidewalk or drive within the meaning of this chapter shall be governed by the following specifications:
(a) Earthwork.
(1) Excavation. Excavation shall include the removal and disposal of all materials encountered in providing the subgrade and for foundations for the curb, sidewalk or drive. The surface so prepared shall be free from water, spongy or organic material, and if such conditions are found, they shall be removed and replaced with acceptable subbase material. In no case shall the work be permitted to be placed on material of such nature.
(2) Embankment. When it is required to raise the level of the existing ground to the proper alignment and grade for the work, gravel shall be furnished by the contractor for this purpose so as to provide sufficient width and/or depth for a stable subgrade.
(3) Backfill. When the work has been constructed, the depression remaining after the removal of the forms or other items shall be filled with soil to a uniform surface meeting the grades of the new work.
(4) Dimensions. Excavations shall be made of such size and depth to provide sufficient space to receive forms and materials to be incorporated in the work when brought to the established line and grade as hereinafter specified.
(5) Trenching. Where it becomes necessary to excavate trenches for the installation or repair of sewer, water, gas or conduit lines or structures or fixtures connected with such lines, beneath curbs, sidewalks or pavements on any City property, the utility company shall be notified in advance before starting the work at the expense of the contractor.
A. Such plans and/or specifications for the work shall be furnished to the City Engineer, as he may direct, for his approval.
B. Trenches shall be filled with gravel to a uniform surface with the subgrade before any work is placed over them.
C. Protection shall be provided for existing structures and the maintenance of all traffic.
(6) Grubbing. Where roots of brush or trees are found in the excavations, they shall be removed to such an extent that their future growth will not cause damage to the work.
(7) Berm. Where the sidewalk is constructed next to the curb, the surface of ground back of the walk and to the property line of the street shall be brought to a uniform grade with that of the sidewalk. The surface of the ground beyond the property line shall be made on a one and one-half horizontal, to one vertical slope. Where the sidewalk is not constructed next to the curb, the surface between the walk and curb shall be graded to a uniform slope between them so as to provide good drainage from the walk.
(b) Materials.
(1) Concrete. All concrete used for the construction of concrete curbs, sidewalks and driveways shall have a minimum compression strength of 4,000 pounds per square inch at twenty-eight days and shall be mixed in the approximate proportions of one part Portland cement, two parts fine aggregate and four parts coarse aggregate. The sum total of the aggregate shall not exceed six parts of the total. The minimum amount of cement used shall be six sacks per cubic yard. The consistency of the mix shall not exceed a six-inch slump test. Concrete must be mixed on the site of the work for a period of not less than one and one-fourth minutes or until the batch has been thoroughly mixed.
(2) Asphaltic concrete. The materials used and the method of preparing asphaltic concrete shall be as provided by State of Ohio Department of Transportation Construction and Material Specifications, Item 404 Hot Mix, Hot Laid Asphaltic Concrete.
(3) Premold expansion joints. Expansion joints shall be of the type as specified in State of Ohio Department of Transportation Construction and Material Specifications, Item 705, "Preferred fillers." They shall have a minimum thickness of three-eighths inch for full depth of walk or curb.
(4) Drains.
A. Where vitrified pipe is used, the pipe shall be as specified in State of Ohio Department of Transportation Construction and Material Specifications, Sec. 604, "Vitrified Sewer Pipe."
B. Where drain pipe is used, the pipe shall be as specified in State of Ohio Department of Transportation Construction and Material Specifications, Sec. 604, "Drain Tile."
C. All pipe shall have a minimum diameter of three inches.
(5) Gravel backfill. Gravel used for subbase and fill under the walks, curbs and drives shall be crushed bank gravel, free from organic matter and shall contain not more than ten percent (10%) of clay or fine material.
(c) Concrete Sidewalks.
(1) Dimensions. Concrete walks shall have a minimum thickness of four inches and a minimum width of four feet. For walks laid on public property less than four feet in width, approval must be obtained from the City Engineer per Section 905.01. All walks shall be cut by full depth template in uniform blocks of five feet in length, and at street intersections and closures, the blocks shall not exceed twenty-eight square feet in area.
A. The walks shall be cut by full depth template over all roof drains unless otherwise authorized by the inspector.
B. The standard elevation of the back edge of the walk above the top of the curb shall be one-half inch per lineal foot of the distance from the back edge of such walk to the face of the curb.
C. Sidewalks shall be laid with a uniform slope of one-fourth inch per foot from the back edge of the walk toward the curb, except at intersections or to conform to existing walks.
D. No patching of existing concrete or stone walks more than ninety square feet in area shall be permitted, except upon approval of the City Engineer.
E. Where walks are constructed over manholes, vaults or other underground structures, detailed plans must be submitted to the City Engineer for approval prior to starting the work.
(2) Subgrade. The subgrade for the walk shall be prepared as specified in subsection (a) hereof.
(3) Gravel. Upon the subgrade, prepared as herein specified, shall be spread a foundation of crushed bank gravel in sufficient quantities as will insure a uniform thickness of four inches after being compacted by wetting, rolling, tamping or both wetting and rolling, per engineer's request.
(4) Forms. Steel forms of exact dimensions for the walk shall be set and well braced to the established line and grade.
A. Wooden forms shall not be permitted unless permission is obtained from the City Engineer.
B. Steel forms shall be made of such gauge of steel plates that they will not become deformed during the progress of the work.
C. For the use of templates, the forms must be provided with some device for holding the steel templates rigidly in their proper position during the placing and setting of the concrete and allowing the free and easy removal thereof at the proper time.
D. The templates shall be constructed of steel plate three-sixteenths of an inch thick, made to conform to the thickness and width of the sidewalk and to extend above or beyond the forms for a distance sufficient to provide means for their easy removal.
E. All forms and templates shall be coated with heavy paraffin oil on the sides next to the concrete before being used, and upon their removal for reuse, shall be immediately and thoroughly cleaned and given a coat of the oil before depositing the concrete.
(5) Concrete. The concrete used for constructing the walk shall be as specified in subsection (b)(1) hereof.
A. No concrete shall be used which has had its initial set, but must be placed in the forms immediately after being mixed.
B. No concrete shall be placed in freezing weather. In the season when frosts are likely to occur during the night time, the contractor must amply protect the new concrete from such frosts and must assume all risks from freezing of the concrete.
C. Concrete shall be thoroughly tamped in the forms and the coarse aggregate forced from the sides and top surface of the forms so that the mortar will flow to the faces and form a smooth, impervious surface.
D. The contractor must protect the newly completed work from injury, from rays of the sun, wind or weather, or from any other cause, and shall keep the walk moist for at least three days after its completion or until it has firmly set.
(6) Finishing. Prior to the initial set of the concrete, the top surface of the walk shall be worked so as to provide mortar for floating or troweling to a true and uniform plane. No pitted or uneven surfaces will be permitted. All joints and edges shall be rounded with an edging tool. Where, in the opinion of the City Engineer, the walk is constructed on grades that may be hazardous or slippery, the surface of the walk shall be treated with abrasives or roughened as directed.
(7) Expansion joints. Expansion joints shall be provided as specified in subsection (b)(3) hereof.
A. These joints shall be placed at the traverse joints of the walk at intervals not to exceed thirty feet in length.
B. Where the walk abuts walls, steps, buildings, driveways or other fixed structures, expansion joints of such size and thickness shall be provided as directed.
(8) Roof drainage. Prior to placing the concrete for the walk, drains shall be placed to provide roof drainage from adjacent buildings under the walk and to the curb. The drains shall be as specified in subsection (b)(4) hereof. The drains shall be laid on a true uniform grade to the gutter with no pockets or dips under the walk. Where necessary, they may be carried through the concrete of the walk with additional thickness of concrete in the walk.
(9) Asphaltic concrete walks. The use of asphaltic concrete for sidewalks on public property shall first be approved by the City Engineer. When so approved, such sidewalk shall have a minimum thickness of five inches and dimensions and conditions as provided above for concrete sidewalks. At no time will asphaltic concrete be permitted on top of concrete sidewalks.
(d) Concrete Curb.
(1) Dimensions. Circle curb shall be eight inches wide and eighteen inches deep with a one and one-fourth inch radius on the top edge adjacent to the roadway.
A. Straight curb shall be six or eight inches wide and eighteen inches deep with one and one-fourth inch radius on the top edge adjacent to the roadway. The width of the curb shall be determined by the City Engineer in accordance with the volume of traffic using the roadways. On residential streets, six-inch wide curb shall be used, while on heavily traveled streets, eight-inch wide curb shall be used.
B. All concrete curb shall be cut in uniform blocks not less than six feet or greater than ten feet, except at closures where the lengths shall not be less than five feet long.
C. Integral or combined curb and gutter shall have the gutter apron a minimum of eighteen inches in width and eight inches in thickness. The curb shall be six inches or eight inches in width, as indicated for straight concrete curb, and a minimum of fourteen inches in depth. A cove with a two-inch radius shall be formed in the gutter at the intersection of the curb and apron, and the top corner of curb on the roadway side shall be on a curve with a one and one-fourth inch radius. The length of the blocks shall be as indicated for straight curb. Reinforcing steel of such size and spacing shall be used when directed by the City Engineer.
(2) Subgrade. The preparation for the base of the curb shall be as specified in subsection (a) hereof.
(3) Gravel. When the foundation has been completed, a four inch course of gravel, as specified in subsection (b)(5) hereof, shall be placed on the prepared grade, and, after the forms have been removed, six inches of gravel shall be placed for the full depth behind the curb.
(4) Forms. Steel forms of exact dimension for the curb shall be set and well braced to the established line and grade. No wooden forms may be used unless permission of the City Engineer is obtained.
A. Steel forms shall be made of such gauge steel plates that they will not become deformed during the progress of the work.
B. No forms shall be used that are twisted or distorted, and all forms shall meet with the approval of the City Engineer.
C. Steel templates must be provided with some device for holding rigidly in their proper position, during the placing and setting of the concrete, and allowing the free and easy removal thereof at the proper time. Standard steel forms are acceptable.
D. All forms and templates shall be coated with paraffin oil before being used, and upon their removal for reuse, shall be immediately and thoroughly cleaned and given a coat of the oil before placing in trench or before pouring concrete.
E. Plugs shall be inserted between the forms to form openings for roof drains. Such plugs shall be placed so as to provide at least one inch clearance above the gutter line.
F. At driveways, the curb shall be formed to permit two inches of the curb to project above the gutter line of the street, and the sides of the drive on the curb shall be cut on a six-inch level.
(5) Concrete. The concrete used for constructing the curb shall be as specified in subsection (b)(1) hereof.
A. No concrete shall be used which has had its initial set, but must be placed in the forms immediately after being mixed.
B. No concrete shall be placed in freezing weather. In the season when frosts are likely to occur during the night time, the contractor must amply protect the new concrete from such frosts and must assume all risks from freezing of the concrete.
C. Concrete shall be thoroughly tamped or spaded in the forms and the coarse aggregate forced back from the face of the forms for a depth of twelve inches on the face and six inches on the back, so that mortar will flow to the faces and form a smooth, impervious surface. As soon as the concrete has sufficiently set so as to stand without distortion, the template and the forms shall be removed and the joints clean cut and the top and the face to a depth of twelve inches shall be immediately floated to a smooth and uniform surface. Where necessary, the curb will be neatly fitted to all catch basins and inlets.
D. The contractor shall so arrange his work that the pouring of the concrete, the removal of the forms and finishing of the curb will be completed on the same day.
E. The contractor shall provide sufficient forms so that the rotation of trenching, setting forms, pouring concrete, removal of forms and finishing can be carried on without delay.
(6) Protection. The contractor must protect the newly completed work from injury from the rays of the sun, wind or weather, or from any other cause, and shall, when directed by the City Engineer, keep the curb moist for at least three days after its completion or until it has firmly set. Other curing methods may be used if approved by the City Engineer.
(7) Causes for rejection. Any spalling or splitting of the finished surface, either at the joints or in the body of the stone, within six months of the date of paring shall be deemed sufficient cause for rejection, and any block so rejected must be replaced with a new one. No patching of any kind or dusting of dry cement upon the exposed surface of the curb shall be permitted.
(8) Pavement replacement. All excavations in front of a straight curb and the apron of a combination curb and gutter shall be filled as follows:
A. On gravel streets, coarse washed gravel to the level of the existing pavement shall be used.
B. On oil-surfaced streets, coarse washed gravel to a depth of three inches lower than the existing pavement shall be used. The remaining three inches shall be filled and rolled with T-35 asphaltic concrete as specified in M-2, State specifications.
C. On permanent pavement, the same material and depth as the existing pavement shall be used.
(9) Asphaltic concrete curbs. Asphaltic concrete curbs shall not be placed on any public street or alley in the City unless authorized by the City Engineer.
(e) Concrete Driveways.
(1) Any concrete driveway on a public street or alley shall be six inches in thickness from the property line to the face of the curb for the full width of such driveway.
(2) The driveway, when constructed in conjunction with a sidewalk, shall be separated from such walk on each side of the driveway by means of steel templates for the full width and depth of the walk.
(3) For residential driveways, the maximum width of single drives should not exceed twelve feet, except where a hazard may be encountered. For business driveways, a maximum width of thirty feet may be provided with a distance of at least twelve feet intervening between any adjoining drive.
(4) The concrete curb at the entrance of the driveway shall be formed so as to provide a two inch gutter above the pavement line.
(5) The grade of the driveway crossing the sidewalk must be at the same grade as the adjoining walk. No raising or lowering of the walk to that of the drive from the established grade of the walk shall be permitted unless authorized by the City Engineer.
(6) The subgrade for driveways shall conform to specifications in subsections (a)(1) and (2) hereof.
(7) Concrete shall conform to specifications in subsection (b)(1) hereof.
(f) Asphaltic concrete driveways shall be constructed of asphaltic concrete and shall be built with a total thickness of three inches after compaction, over six inches of aggregate base.
(g) Removal of existing stone or concrete curb for driveways.
(1) Stone curb shall be chiseled off by a qualified contractor to a depth of two inches above the gutter line, cut off to a depth of six inches below the gutter line, or entirely removed and the excavation so made filled with concrete to a height of two inches above the gutter line.
(2) Straight concrete curb or the curb section of a combination curb and gutter shall be removed entirely and the excavation so made filled with concrete to a height of two inches above the gutter line.
(Ord. 216-1993. Passed 2-22-94.)