Species | Years to Maturity | Mature Height (feet) | Soil Drainage | Seed Bearing Age (Years) | Light Needs | Value |
Species | Years to Maturity | Mature Height (feet) | Soil Drainage | Seed Bearing Age (Years) | Light Needs | Value |
American plum: Large wildlife shrub that produces abundant white flowers in spring and small edible plums in summer. | ||||||
American Plum | 10 | 15-30' | dry, moist, wet, well-drained | 4 | full sun | wildlife habitat & food & cover |
Bald Cypress: Will grow in swamp, also grows well on better soil. | ||||||
Bald Cypress | 50 | 50-100' | dry/well drained | 15 | full sun | timber, wildlife cover, windbreak |
Basswood: Flowers, honeybees. | ||||||
Basswood | 50 | 50-110' | well drained | 10-20 | partial sun full-sun | full timber, wildlife food & cover |
Black Cherry: Valuable timber. | ||||||
Black Cherry | 50 | 50-100' | well drained | 15 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Black Chokeberry: Attractive shrub. | ||||||
Black Chokeberry | 2-3 | 5-13' | acidic, moist to dry soil | 3-5 | full sun | wildlife food and cover |
Black Gum: Relatively low value for timber, blue berries in fall important food for wildlife. | ||||||
Black Gum | 50 | 50-80' | wet, dry, and well drained | 15 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Black Locust: Early fast growth & abundant root sprouts. Improves soil by fixing nitrogen-is a legume. | ||||||
Black Locust | 30 | 50-80' | dry/well drained | 10 | full sun | firewood, posts, timber, fixes nitrogen |
Black Oak: Valuable oak timber, adapted to dry soil, consistently produces acorns. | ||||||
Black Oak | 50 | 50-100' | well drained/dry | 15 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Black Walnut: Valuable timber, adapted to fertile, well drained soil. | ||||||
Black Walnut | 50 | 50-100' | well drained | 10 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Bur Oak: Valuable timber on moist to wet sites. | ||||||
Bur Oak | 50 | 50-100' | wet, dry, and well drained | 10 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Buttonbush: Wildlife cover-food on wet soils, will grow at edge of water. | ||||||
Buttonbush | 3 | 5-15' | well drained | 3 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Cherrybark Oak: Valuable timber on moist fertile soil, natural range is S. Indiana, grows well on bottomland soil. | ||||||
Cherrybark Oak | 50 | 50-100' | well-drained | 15 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Chestnut oak: A member of the white oak family adapted to dry, rocky soils. The acorns are an important food source for wildlife. | ||||||
Chestnut Oak | 15 | 50-100' | dry, well-drained | 7 | full sun | wildlife habitat & food & cover, timber |
Chinkapin Oak: Valuable timber, adapted to high pH soil. | ||||||
Chinkapin Oak | 50 | 50-100' | dry/well drained | 15 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Common Chokecherry: Resembles Black Cherry | ||||||
Common Chokecherry | 5 | 20' | moist | 15-20 | full sun to partial shade | wildlife food and cover |
Eastern Red Cedar: Excellent food and cover, windbreak for dry or high pH soil, cedar apple rust can be a problem when planted near Washington Hawthorn or related species. | ||||||
Eastern Red Cedar | 30 | 30-60' | wet, dry, and well | 10 | full sun | wildlife food and cover, windbreak, timber, post. |
Elderberry: Medium size wildlife shrub producing large clusters of small white flowers in spring and small blue fruit in summer. | ||||||
Elderberry | 5 | 5-10' | moist, wet, well- drained | 2 | full sun, partial shade | wildlife habitat & food & cover |
Flowering Crabapple: Large crop of small fruit that persists into winter providing food for wildlife. | ||||||
Flowering Crabapple | 5 | 15-40' | well drained | 4 | full sun | wildlife food & cover |
Small tree well-known for its white flowers in spring. The red fruit is an important food for many species of wildlife. | ||||||
Flowering Dogwood | 50 | 15-30' | well-drained | 4 | full sun, partial shade | wildlife habitat & food & cover |
Gray dogwood: Medium size wildlife shrub with clusters of white flowers in spring and white fruit in fall. Important food and cover for wildlife. | ||||||
Gray Dogwood | 15 | 5-10' | moist, well-drained | 5 | full sun, partial shade | wildlife habitat & food & cover |
Green Ash: Valuable timber on all but dry soil, adapted to wet soil. | ||||||
Green Ash | 50 | 50-100' | well drained/wet | 10 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Hazelnut: Native hazelnut adapted to all but very wet very dry soils. | ||||||
Hazelnut | 3 | 5-10' | well-draine d | 3 | full sun | wildlife food & cover |
Highbush Cranberry: Red fruit persists until late winter providing wildlife food in severe winters. | ||||||
Highbush Cranberry | 5 | 5-15' | well drained/wet | 3 | partial shade | wildlife food & cover |
Kentucky Coffeetree: Suited for moist streambank sites. | ||||||
Kentucky Coffeetree | 50 | 50-100' | well drained | 20-30 | full sun | timber, post, firewood |
Ninebark: Fast growing shrub for moist to wet soil, attractive flower. | ||||||
Ninebark | 10 | 6-9' | well drained/wet | 3 | partial shade- full-sun | wildlife food & cover |
Northern White Cedar: Excellent windbreak, severe damage from bagworms in S. Indiana. | ||||||
Northern White Cedar | 30 | 30-60' | well drained | 10 | full sun | windbreak, wildlife food & cover |
Northern Bayberry: Wildlife cover and food, improves soil by fixing nitrogen, adapted to all but very wet and very dry soil. | ||||||
Northern Bayberry | 5 | 5-20' | wet, dry, and well drained | 4 | full sun | wildlife food & cover |
Norway Spruce: Windbreak for moist fertile soil. | ||||||
Norway Spruce | 30 | 50-70' | well drained/wet | 15 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Overcup Oak: Valuable timber, adapted to very wet soil, natural range S. Indiana. | ||||||
Overcup Oak | 50 | 50-80' | well drained/wet | 15 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Pawpaw: Pawpaw fruit is a valuable wildlife food. Native shrub growing in shade of trees but much more productive in full sun. | ||||||
Pawpaw | 5 | 10-30' | well drained/wet | 5 | partial shade - full sun | wildlife food & cover |
Pecan: Valuable timber on moist fertile soil, hardy to N. Indiana, grows well on moist bottomland soil. | ||||||
Pecan | 50 | 50-100' | well drained | 15 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Persimmon: Excellent wildlife food and valuable timber. | ||||||
Persimmon | 30 | 30-70' | well drained/wet | 10 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Pignut Hickory: Valuable timber. | ||||||
Pignut Hickory | 50 | 50-100' | well drained/wet | 20-30 | partial shade - full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover, firewood |
Pin Oak: Adapted to very wet soil, will not tolerate high pH soil. | ||||||
Pin Oak | 50 | 50-100' | well drained/wet | 15 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Pitch Loblolly Pine: Replacement for red pine in southern Indiana. | ||||||
Pitch Loblolly Pine | 40 | 50-100' | well drained/wet | 10-20 | full sun | erosion control, timber, wildlife food & cover |
Red Bud: Flowers-attractive to pollinators. | ||||||
Red Bud | 10 | 30' | well drained/wet | 5 | full sun- partial shade | wildlife food & cover |
Red Oak: Valuable timber on moist fertile soil, not suited for very wet or dry soil. | ||||||
Red Oak | 50 | 50-100' | well drained | 15 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Red Pine: Windbreak for dry soil, best for central and N. Indiana. | ||||||
Red Pine | 30 | 40-80' | dry/well drained | 10 | full sun | Windbreak, wildlife cover, timber |
River Birch: Rapid growth and adapted to very wet soil. | ||||||
River Birch | 40 | 40-80' | well drained/wet | 10 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Scarlet Oak: Adapted to dry acid soil, abundant acorn crops. | ||||||
Scarlet Oak | 50 | 50-100' | dry/well drained | 15 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Shagbark Hickory: Valuable timber. | ||||||
Shagbark Hickory | 50 | 50-100' | well drained/wet | 20-30 | partial shade -full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover, firewood |
Long lived, large seeded hickory adapted to moist or wet soil. Bark provides shelter for bats and nuts consumed by humans and wildlife. | ||||||
Shellbark Hickory | 100 | 50-100' | moist, wet, well-drained | 20 | full sun | wildlife habitat & food & cover, timber |
Shingle Oak: Adapted from dry to wet soil, abundant acorn crops. | ||||||
Shingle Oak | 50 | 50-100' | wet, dry, and well drained | 15 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Shumard Oak: Valuable timber on good soils, adapted to soils with high pH and wet, but not swampy soil, grows well on moist bottomland soil. Has good form and rapid growth. | ||||||
Shumard Oak | 50 | 50-100' | well drained | 15 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Silky Dogwood: Wildlife cover and summer food, will grow at waters edge. | ||||||
Silky Dogwood | 3 | 5-10' | well drained/we t | 3 | partial shade | wildlife food & cover |
Silver Maple: Adapted to stream bank soil, fast growth. | ||||||
Silver Maple | 30 | 50-100' | well drained/we t | 15 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Spicebush: Medium size wildlife shrub that will grow in full or partial shade on moist soils. Red fruit is food source for migrating song birds. | ||||||
Spicebush | 10 | 5-10' | moist, wet, well drained | 3 | full sun, partial shade | wildlife habitat & food & cover |
Sugar Maple: Valuable timber. | ||||||
Sugar Maple | 50 | 50-100' | well drained | 20-30 | partial shade - full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Swamp White Oak: Valuable timber adapted to wet soils. | ||||||
Swamp White Oak | 50 | 50-100' | well drained/we t | 15 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Swamp Chestnut Oak: Valuable timber on moist but not extremely moist soils, grows well on moist bottomland soil. | ||||||
Swamp Chestnut Oak | 50 | 50-100' | well drained | 15 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Sweetgum: Adapted to very wet soil. Natural range is central and southern Indiana. | ||||||
Sweetgum | 50 | 50-100' | well drained/we t | 15 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover
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Sycamore: Adapted to wet soil, fast growth. | ||||||
Sycamore | 50 | 50-120' | well drained/we t | 15 | full sun | timber, wildlife cover |
Tulip tree: Valuable timber and fast growth on moist soil. | ||||||
Tulip tree | 50 | 50-120' | well drained | 15 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Virginia Pine: Will stabilize severely eroded soil, windbreak on poor soil. | ||||||
Virginia Pine | 30 | 30-80' | dry/well drained | 15 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
Washington Hawthorn: Excellent cover and winter food for wildlife/thorns protect nests, may be damaged by cedar apple rust if planted near eastern red cedar. | ||||||
Washington Hawthorn | 5 | 15-30' | well drained | 4 | full sun | wildlife food & cover |
White Ash: Valuable timber on all but dry sites, adapted to wet soil. | ||||||
White Ash | 50 | 50-100' | well drained/we t | 15 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
White Oak: Valuable timber on a wide range of soils from moist to dry. | ||||||
White Oak | 50 | 50-100' | well drained/we t | 15 | full sun | timber, wildlife food & cover |
White Pine: Fast growing windbreaks on all but wet or very dry soil. | ||||||
White Pine | 40 | 50-100' | well drained/we t | 15 | full sun | windbreak, wildlife food & cover, timber |
*List provided by DNR Indiana Department of Natural Resources
(Ord. 2023-04, passed 10-9-23)